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Zhang Y, Li J, Li Q. Immune Evasion of Enteroviruses Under Innate Immune Monitoring. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1866. [PMID: 30154774 PMCID: PMC6102382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major component of immunological defense against a great variety of pathogens, innate immunity is capable of activating the adaptive immune system. Viruses are a type of pathogen that proliferate parasitically in cells and have multiple strategies to escape from host immune pressure. Here, we review recent studies of the strategies and mechanisms by which enteroviruses evade innate immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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Choi S, Park H, Jung S, Kim EK, Cho ML, Min JK, Moon SJ, Lee SM, Cho JH, Lee DH, Nam JH. Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Truncated IK Protein in Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1976. [PMID: 28906466 PMCID: PMC5618625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor K562 (IK) protein was first isolated from the culture medium of K562, a leukemia cell line. It is known to be an inhibitory regulator of interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II expression. Previously, we found that transgenic (Tg) mice constitutively expressing truncated IK (tIK) showed reduced numbers of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells, which are known to be involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated whether exogenous tIK protein has a therapeutic effect in arthritis in disease models and analyzed its mechanism. Exogenous tIK protein was produced in an insect expression system and applied to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse disease model. Injection of tIK protein alleviated the symptoms of arthritis in the CAIA model and reduced Th1 and Th17 cell populations. In addition, treatment of cultured T cells with tIK protein induced expression of A20, a negative regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB)-induced inflammation, and reduced expression of several transcription factors related to T cell activation. We conclude that exogenous tIK protein has the potential to act as a new therapeutic agent for RA patients, because it has a different mode of action to biopharmaceutical agents, such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists, that are currently used to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - HyeLim Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - SeoYeon Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon 16680, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon 16680, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
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Park HL, Lee SM, Min JK, Moon SJ, Kim I, Kang KW, Park S, Choi S, Jung HN, Lee DH, Nam JH. IK acts as an immunoregulator of inflammatory arthritis by suppressing T H17 cell differentiation and macrophage activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40280. [PMID: 28071693 PMCID: PMC5223115 DOI: 10.1038/srep40280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic T helper cells (TH) and macrophages have been implicated in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can lead to severe synovial inflammation and bone destruction. A range of therapies have been widely used for RA, including specific monoclonal antibodies and chemical inhibitors against inflammatory cytokines produced by these cells. However, these have not been sufficient to meet the medical need. Here, we show that in transgenic mice expressing truncated IK (tIK) cytokine, inflammatory arthritis symptoms were ameliorated as the result of suppression of the differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells and of macrophage activation. During inflammatory responses, tIK cytokine systemically regulated macrophage functions and TH17 cell differentiation through inactivation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Interestingly, the level of tIK cytokine was higher in synovial fluid of RA patients compared with that in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Our observations suggest that tIK cytokine can counterbalance the induction of inflammatory cells related to RA and thus could be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,137-040, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,137-040, Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Korea
| | - Sooho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Korea
| | - SeulGi Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon, 443-734, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon, 443-734, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Korea
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