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Ananworanich J, Chomont N, Fletcher JLK, Pinyakorn S, Schuetz A, Sereti I, Rerknimitr R, Dewar R, Kroon E, Vandergeeten C, Trichavaroj R, Chomchey N, Chalermchai T, Michael NL, Kim JH, Phanuphak P, Phanuphak N. Markers of HIV reservoir size and immune activation after treatment in acute HIV infection with and without raltegravir and maraviroc intensification. J Virus Erad 2015; 1:116-122. [PMID: 26835516 PMCID: PMC4729387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether intensification of standard highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with entry and integrase inhibitors during acute HIV infection (AHI) could yield greater benefits in reducing markers for HIV reservoir size and immune activation. METHODS Thai patients with Fiebig I-IV AHI were prospectively enrolled and offered treatment. They were randomised 1:1 to HAART (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz, n =31) or megaHAART, a standard regimen intensified by raltegravir/maraviroc (n =31), during the first 24 weeks of therapy. Participants were monitored at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12, then every 12 weeks. Frequencies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) carrying HIV DNA (total, integrated and 2-LTR episomes), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and frequencies of activated T cells were measured. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed in willing participants (n =25) at baseline, weeks 24 and 96, and proviral DNA and RNA were determined. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar in the HAART and megaHAART arms. Median age was 28 years and 95% were men. Median CD4 cell count was 388 cells/mm3. HIV RNA was 5.6 log10 copies/mL. HIV RNA declined more rapidly in the first 4 weeks with megaHAART (median -3.3 log10) than HAART (-2.6 log10). Time to achieve HIV RNA <50 copies/mL was shorter with megaHAART (median 55 days) than HAART (83 days, P =0.04). Viral suppression rates after week 12 did not differ between arms, and overall, 97% achieved suppression by week 48. The frequency of cells harbouring total HIV DNA was similarly low after 96 weeks in both treatment arms (median of 7 and 4 copies/106 PBMCs in the megaHAART and HAART arms, respectively, P =0.41). At weeks 2 and 12, frequency of cells carrying 2-LTR circles were significantly higher with megaHAART (P =0.03). In the sigmoid colon, total HIV DNA and HIV RNA declined after treatment, with no differences between arms. The frequencies of cells with 2-LTR circles were also higher in the sigmoid colon at week 24 with megaHAART. Plasma levels of CRP and frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR or Ki67 were similar between arms. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of standard HAART with raltegravir and maraviroc was not associated with either statistically significant reductions of markers of HIV reservoir size in blood and sigmoid colon or markers of immune activation in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanat Ananworanich
- SEARCH,
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida,
Port St Lucie,
FL,
USA
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology,
Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM,
Montréal,
Quebec,
Canada
| | | | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- SEARCH,
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences,
US Component,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | | | - Robin Dewar
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc,
Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory,
Frederick,
MD,
USA
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH,
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | | | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences,
US Component,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH,
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | | | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- SEARCH,
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok,
Thailand
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Ananworanich J, Chomont N, Fletcher JL, Pinyakorn S, Schuetz A, Sereti I, Rerknimitr R, Dewar R, Kroon E, Vandergeeten C, Trichavaroj R, Chomchey N, Chalermchai T, Michael NL, Kim JH, Phanuphak P, Phanuphak N. Markers of HIV reservoir size and immune activation after treatment in acute HIV infection with and without raltegravir and maraviroc intensification. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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