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Ilyicheva TN, Netesov SV, Gureyev VN. COVID-19, Influenza, and Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections: Etiology, Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Part 2. Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY : MOLEKULYARNAYA GENETIKA, MIKROBIOLOGIYA I VIRUSOLOGIYA 2022; 37:107-116. [PMID: 36589522 PMCID: PMC9790183 DOI: 10.3103/s0891416822030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first part of this paper presented the current knowledge on two very significant respiratory diseases with high pandemic potential, COVID-19 and influenza. The second part reviews other pathogens that cause acute respiratory viral infections, ARVI, including parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, pneumoviruses and specifically respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, bocaviruses, and seasonal coronaviruses. The review presents modern data on the structure and replication of viruses, epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of diseases, diagnostics, preventive vaccination, and antiviral drugs. Topical issues regarding ARVI vaccination and the search for new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Ilyicheva
- grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia ,grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - S. V. Netesov
- grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V. N. Gureyev
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
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2
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Stewart-Jones GBE, Gorman J, Ou L, Zhang B, Joyce MG, Yang L, Cheng C, Chuang GY, Foulds KE, Kong WP, Olia AS, Sastry M, Shen CH, Todd JP, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Yang Y, Collins PL, Corti D, Lanzavecchia A, Scorpio DG, Mascola JR, Buchholz UJ, Kwong PD. Interprotomer disulfide-stabilized variants of the human metapneumovirus fusion glycoprotein induce high titer-neutralizing responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106196118. [PMID: 34551978 PMCID: PMC8488613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106196118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory disease worldwide, particularly among children and the elderly. Although there is no licensed HMPV vaccine, promising candidates have been identified for related pneumoviruses based on the structure-based stabilization of the fusion (F) glycoprotein trimer, with prefusion-stabilized F glycoprotein trimers eliciting significantly higher neutralizing responses than their postfusion F counterparts. However, immunization with HMPV F trimers in either prefusion or postfusion conformations has been reported to elicit equivalent neutralization responses. Here we investigate the impact of stabilizing disulfides, especially interprotomer disulfides (IP-DSs) linking protomers of the F trimer, on the elicitation of HMPV-neutralizing responses. We designed F trimer disulfides, screened for their expression, and used electron microscopy (EM) to confirm their formation, including that of an unexpected postfusion variant. In mice, IP-DS-stabilized prefusion and postfusion HMPV F elicited significantly higher neutralizing responses than non-IP-DS-stabilized HMPV Fs. In macaques, the impact of IP-DS stabilization was more measured, although IP-DS-stabilized variants of either prefusion or postfusion HMPV F induced neutralizing responses many times the average titers observed in a healthy human cohort. Serological and absorption-based analyses of macaque responses revealed elicited HMPV-neutralizing responses to be absorbed differently by IP-DS-containing and by non-IP-DS-containing postfusion Fs, suggesting IP-DS stabilization to alter not only the immunogenicity of select epitopes but their antigenicity as well. We speculate the observed increase in immunogenicity by IP-DS trimers to be related to reduced interprotomer flexibility within the HMPV F trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | | | | | - Peter L Collins
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ursula J Buchholz
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Bakre AA, Duffy C, Abdullah H, Cosby SL, Tripp RA. Small Non-coding RNA Expression Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Measles Virus Infection of Neuronal Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671852. [PMID: 34539595 PMCID: PMC8446675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles virus (MeV) infection modifies host responses through small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression. We show that RSV or MeV infection of neuronal cells induces sncRNAs including various microRNAs and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs). We show that these tRFs originate from select tRNAs (GCC and CAC for glycine, CTT and AAC for Valine, and CCC and TTT for Lysine). Some of the tRNAs are rarely used by RSV or MeV as indicated by relative synonymous codon usage indices suggesting selective cleavage of the tRNAs occurs in infected neuronal cells. The data implies that differentially expressed sncRNAs may regulate host gene expression via multiple mechanisms in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Virology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hani'ah Abdullah
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S Louise Cosby
- Virology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections, with the most severe disease in young infants, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. HPIV-3 infections are currently untreatable with licensed therapeutics, and prophylactic and therapeutic options are needed for patients at risk. To complement existing human airway models of HPIV-3 infection and develop an animal model to assess novel intervention strategies, we evaluated infection and transmission of HPIV-3 in ferrets. A well-characterized human clinical isolate (CI) of HPIV-3 engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (rHPIV-3 CI-1-EGFP) was passaged on primary human airway epithelial cells (HAE) or airway organoids (AO) to avoid tissue culture adaptations. rHPIV3 CI-1-EGFP infection was assessed in vitro in ferret AO and in ferrets in vivo. Undifferentiated and differentiated ferret AO cultures supported rHPIV-3 CI-1-EGFP replication, but the ferret primary airway cells from AO were less susceptible and permissive than HAE. In vivo rHPIV-3 CI-1-EGFP replicated in the upper and lower airways of ferrets and targeted respiratory epithelial cells, olfactory epithelial cells, type I pneumocytes, and type II pneumocytes. The infection efficiently induced specific antibody responses. Taken together, ferrets are naturally susceptible to HPIV-3 infection; however, limited replication was observed that led to neither overt clinical signs nor ferret-to-ferret transmission. However, in combination with ferret AO, the ferret model of HPIV-3 infection, tissue tropism, and neutralizing antibodies complements human ex vivo lung models and can be used as a platform for prevention and treatment studies for this important respiratory pathogen. IMPORTANCE HPIV-3 is an important cause of pediatric disease and significantly impacts the elderly. Increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients suffer from HPIV-3 infections, often related to problems with viral clearance. There is a need to model HPIV-3 infections in vitro and in vivo to evaluate novel prophylaxis and treatment options. Currently existing animal models lack the potential for studying animal-to-animal transmission or the effect of immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we describe the use of the ferret model in combination with authentic clinical viruses to further complement human ex vivo models, providing a platform to study approaches to prevent and treat HPIV-3 infection. Although we did not detect ferret-to-ferret transmission in our studies, these studies lay the groundwork for further refinement of the ferret model to immunocompromised ferrets, allowing for studies of severe HPIV-3-associated disease. Such models for preclinical evaluation of prophylaxis and antivirals can contribute to reducing the global health burden of HPIV-3.
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Abstract
Mononegavirales, known as nonsegmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses, are a class of pathogenic and sometimes deadly viruses that include rabies virus (RABV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and Ebola virus (EBOV). Unfortunately, no effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against many Mononegavirales are currently available. Viral polymerases have been attractive and major antiviral therapeutic targets. Therefore, Mononegavirales polymerases have been extensively investigated for their structures and functions. Mononegavirales, known as nonsegmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses, are a class of pathogenic and sometimes deadly viruses that include rabies virus (RABV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and Ebola virus (EBOV). Unfortunately, no effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against many Mononegavirales are currently available. Viral polymerases have been attractive and major antiviral therapeutic targets. Therefore, Mononegavirales polymerases have been extensively investigated for their structures and functions. Mononegavirales mimic RNA synthesis of their eukaryotic counterparts by utilizing multifunctional RNA polymerases to replicate entire viral genomes and transcribe viral mRNAs from individual viral genes as well as synthesize 5′ methylated cap and 3′ poly(A) tail of the transcribed viral mRNAs. The catalytic subunit large protein (L) and cofactor phosphoprotein (P) constitute the Mononegavirales polymerases. In this review, we discuss the shared and unique features of RNA synthesis, the monomeric multifunctional enzyme L, and the oligomeric multimodular adapter P of Mononegavirales. We outline the structural analyses of the Mononegavirales polymerases since the first structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) L protein determined in 2015 and highlight multiple high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the polymerases of Mononegavirales, namely, VSV, RABV, HRSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), that have been reported in recent months (2019 to 2020). We compare the structures of those polymerases grouped by virus family, illustrate the similarities and differences among those polymerases, and reveal the potential RNA synthesis mechanisms and models of highly conserved Mononegavirales. We conclude by the discussion of remaining questions, evolutionary perspectives, and future directions.
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Penkert RR, Hankins JS, Young NS, Hurwitz JL. Vaccine Design Informed by Virus-Induced Immunity. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:342-350. [PMID: 32366204 PMCID: PMC7247049 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When an individual is exposed to a viral pathogen for the first time, the adaptive immune system is naive and cannot prevent virus replication. The consequence may be severe disease. At the same time, the host may rapidly generate a pathogen-specific immune response that will prevent disease if the virus is encountered again. Parvovirus B19 provides one such example. Children with sickle cell disease can experience life-threatening transient aplastic crisis when first exposed to parvovirus B19, but an effective immune response confers lifelong protection. We briefly examine the induction and benefits of virus-induced immunity. We focus on three human viruses for which there are no licensed vaccines (respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and parvovirus B19) and consider how virus-induced immunity may inform successful vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon R. Penkert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- Pathology Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Neal S. Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia L. Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Blanco JCG, Fernando LR, Zhang W, Kamali A, Boukhvalova MS, McGinnes-Cullen L, Morrison TG. Alternative Virus-Like Particle-Associated Prefusion F Proteins as Maternal Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. J Virol 2019; 93:e00914-19. [PMID: 31511382 PMCID: PMC6854499 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00914-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal vaccination may be the most effective and safest approach to the protection of infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, a severe acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. We previously compared five different virus-like particle (VLP)-associated, mutation-stabilized prefusion F (pre-F) proteins, including the prototype DS-Cav1 F VLPs. We showed that alternative versions of prefusion F proteins have different conformations and induce different populations of anti-F protein antibodies. Two of these alternative pre-F VLPs, the UC-2 F and UC-3 F VLPs, stimulated in mice higher titers of neutralizing antibodies than DS-Cav1 F VLPs (M. L. Cullen, R. M. Schmidt, M. G. Torres, A. A. Capoferri, et al., Vaccines 7:21-41, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010021). Here we describe a comparison of these two pre-F VLPs with DS-Cav1 F VLPs as maternal vaccines in cotton rats and report that UC-3 F VLPs significantly increased the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers in pregnant dams compared to DS-Cav1 F VLPs. The neutralizing antibody titers in the sera of the offspring of the dams immunized with UC-3 F VLPs were significantly higher than those in the sera of the offspring of dams immunized with DS-Cav1 VLPs. This increase in serum NAb titers translated to a 6- to 40-fold lower virus titer in the lungs of the RSV-challenged offspring of dams immunized with UC-3 F VLPs than in the lungs of the RSV-challenged offspring of dams immunized with DS-Cav1 F VLPs. Importantly, the offspring of UC-3 F VLP-immunized dams showed significant protection from lung pathology and from induction of inflammatory lung cytokine mRNA expression after RSV challenge. Immunization with UC-3 F VLPs also induced durable levels of high-titer neutralizing antibodies in dams.IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant human pathogen severely impacting neonates and young children, but no vaccine exists to protect this vulnerable population. Furthermore, direct vaccination of neonates is likely ineffective due to the immaturity of their immune system, and neonate immunization is potentially unsafe. Maternal vaccination may be the best and safest approach to the protection of neonates through the passive transfer of maternal neutralizing antibodies in utero to the fetus after maternal immunization. Here we report that immunization of pregnant cotton rats, a surrogate model for human maternal immunization, with novel RSV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates containing stabilized prefusion RSV F proteins provides significant levels of protection of the offspring of immunized dams from RSV challenge. We also found that antibodies induced by VLPs containing different versions of the prefusion F protein varied by 40-fold in the extent of protection provided to the offspring of vaccinated dams upon RSV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Arash Kamali
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lori McGinnes-Cullen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trudy G Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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The DI–DII linker of human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion protein is critical for the virus. Virus Genes 2019; 56:37-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sealy RE, Jones BG, Surman SL, Penkert RR, Pelletier S, Neale G, Hurwitz JL. Will Attention by Vaccine Developers to the Host's Nuclear Hormone Levels and Immunocompetence Improve Vaccine Success? Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7010026. [PMID: 30818795 PMCID: PMC6466149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extraordinary advances in fields of immunology and infectious diseases, vaccine development remains a challenge. The development of a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, for example, has spanned more than 50 years of research with studies of more than 100 vaccine candidates. Dozens of attractive vaccine products have entered clinical trials, but none have completed the path to licensing. Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development has proven equally difficult, as there is no licensed product after more than 30 years of pre-clinical and clinical research. Here, we examine vaccine development with attention to the host. We discuss how nuclear hormones, including vitamins and sex hormones, can influence responses to vaccines. We show how nuclear hormones interact with regulatory elements of immunoglobulin gene loci and how the deletion of estrogen response elements from gene enhancers will alter patterns of antibody isotype expression. Based on these findings, and findings that nuclear hormone levels are often insufficient or deficient among individuals in both developed and developing countries, we suggest that failed vaccine studies may in some cases reflect weaknesses of the host rather than the product. We encourage analyses of nuclear hormone levels and immunocompetence among study participants in clinical trials to ensure the success of future vaccine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Bart G Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Rhiannon R Penkert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Stephane Pelletier
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Geoff Neale
- The Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Cullen LM, Schmidt MR, Torres GM, Capoferri AA, Morrison TG. Comparison of Immune Responses to Different Versions of VLP Associated Stabilized RSV Pre-Fusion F Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7010021. [PMID: 30769923 PMCID: PMC6466353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have primarily focused on the RSV fusion protein. The pre-fusion conformation of this protein induces the most potent neutralizing antibodies and is the focus of recent efforts in vaccine development. Following the first identification of mutations in the RSV F protein (DS-Cav1 mutant protein) that stabilized the pre-fusion conformation, other mutant stabilized pre-fusion F proteins have been described. To determine if there are differences in alternate versions of stabilized pre-fusion F proteins, we explored the use, as vaccine candidates, of virus-like particles (VLPs) containing five different pre-fusion F proteins, including the DS-Cav1 protein. The expression of these five pre-F proteins, their assembly into VLPs, their pre-fusion conformation stability in VLPs, their reactivity with anti-F monoclonal antibodies, and their induction of immune responses after the immunization of mice, were characterized, comparing VLPs containing the DS-Cav1 pre-F protein with VLPs containing four alternative pre-fusion F proteins. The concentrations of anti-F IgG induced by each VLP that blocked the binding of prototype monoclonal antibodies using two different soluble pre-fusion F proteins as targets were measured. Our results indicate that both the conformation and immunogenicity of alternative VLP associated stabilized pre-fusion RSV F proteins are different from those of DS-Cav1 VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Cullen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Madelyn R Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
- Program of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Gretel M Torres
- Program of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Adam A Capoferri
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Trudy G Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
- Program of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Stewart-Jones GBE, Chuang GY, Xu K, Zhou T, Acharya P, Tsybovsky Y, Ou L, Zhang B, Fernandez-Rodriguez B, Gilardi V, Silacci-Fregni C, Beltramello M, Baxa U, Druz A, Kong WP, Thomas PV, Yang Y, Foulds KE, Todd JP, Wei H, Salazar AM, Scorpio DG, Carragher B, Potter CS, Corti D, Mascola JR, Lanzavecchia A, Kwong PD. Structure-based design of a quadrivalent fusion glycoprotein vaccine for human parainfluenza virus types 1-4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12265-12270. [PMID: 30420505 PMCID: PMC6275507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811980115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (PIV1-4) are highly infectious human pathogens, of which PIV3 is most commonly responsible for severe respiratory illness in newborns, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. To obtain a vaccine effective against all four PIV types, we engineered mutations in each of the four PIV fusion (F) glycoproteins to stabilize their metastable prefusion states, as such stabilization had previously enabled the elicitation of high-titer neutralizing antibodies against the related respiratory syncytial virus. A cryoelectron microscopy structure of an engineered PIV3 F prefusion-stabilized trimer, bound to the prefusion-specific antibody PIA174, revealed atomic-level details for how introduced mutations improved stability as well as how a single PIA174 antibody recognized the trimeric apex of prefusion PIV3 F. Nine combinations of six newly identified disulfides and two cavity-filling mutations stabilized the prefusion PIV3 F immunogens and induced 200- to 500-fold higher neutralizing titers in mice than were elicited by PIV3 F in the postfusion conformation. For PIV1, PIV2, and PIV4, we also obtained stabilized prefusion Fs, for which prefusion versus postfusion titers were 2- to 20-fold higher. Elicited murine responses were PIV type-specific, with little cross-neutralization of other PIVs. In nonhuman primates (NHPs), quadrivalent immunization with prefusion-stabilized Fs from PIV1-4 consistently induced potent neutralizing responses against all four PIVs. For PIV3, the average elicited NHP titer from the quadrivalent immunization was more than fivefold higher than any titer observed in a cohort of over 100 human adults, highlighting the ability of a prefusion-stabilized immunogen to elicit especially potent neutralization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Female
- Humans
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/chemistry
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/immunology
- Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/chemistry
- Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human/immunology
- Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/chemistry
- Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/immunology
- Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human/chemistry
- Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
- Respirovirus Infections/immunology
- Respirovirus Infections/prevention & control
- Respirovirus Infections/virology
- Viral Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume B E Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Valentina Gilardi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Silacci-Fregni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Aliaksandr Druz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hui Wei
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bridget Carragher
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Clinton S Potter
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Humabs BioMed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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