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Fujimori C, Umatani C, Chimura M, Ijiri S, Bando H, Hyodo S, Kanda S. In vitro and in vivo gene transfer in the cloudy catshark Scyliorhinus torazame. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:558-565. [PMID: 36376176 PMCID: PMC10099843 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous fishes have various unique physiological features such as a cartilaginous skeleton and a urea-based osmoregulation strategy for adaptation to their marine environment. Also, because they are a sister group of bony vertebrates, understanding their unique features is important from an evolutionary perspective. However, genetic engineering based on gene functions as well as cellular behavior has not been effectively utilized in cartilaginous fishes. This is partly because their reproductive strategy involves internal fertilization, which results in difficulty in microinjection into fertilized eggs at the early developmental stage. Here, to identify efficient gene transfer methods in cartilaginous fishes, we examined the effects of various methods both in vitro and in vivo using the cloudy catshark, a candidate model cartilaginous fish species. In all methods, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was used to evaluate exogenous gene transfer. First, we examined gene transfer into primary cultured cells from cloudy catshark embryos by lipofection, polyethylenimine (PEI) transfection, adenovirus infection, baculovirus infection, and electroporation. Among the methods tested, lipofection, electroporation, and baculovirus infection enabled the successful transfer of exogenous genes into primary cultured cells. We then attempted in vivo transfection into cloudy catshark embryos by electroporation and baculovirus infection. Although baculovirus-injected groups did not show GFP fluorescence, electroporation successfully introduced GFP into muscle cells. Furthermore, we succeeded in GFP transfer into adult tissues by electroporation. The in vitro and in vivo gene transfer methods that worked in this study may open ways for genetic manipulation including knockout experiments and cellular lineage analysis in cartilaginous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujimori
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Chimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisanori Bando
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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A Confocal Microscopic Study of Gene Transfer into the Mesencephalic Tegmentum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, Using Mouse Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115661. [PMID: 34073457 PMCID: PMC8199053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, data on the presence of adenoviral receptors in fish are very limited. In the present work, we used mouse recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) with a calcium indicator of the latest generation GCaMP6m that are usually applied for the dorsal hippocampus of mice but were not previously used for gene delivery into fish brain. The aim of our work was to study the feasibility of transduction of rAAV in the mouse hippocampus into brain cells of juvenile chum salmon and subsequent determination of the phenotype of rAAV-labeled cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Delivery of the gene in vivo was carried out by intracranial injection of a GCaMP6m-GFP-containing vector directly into the mesencephalic tegmentum region of juvenile (one-year-old) chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. AAV incorporation into brain cells of the juvenile chum salmon was assessed at 1 week after a single injection of the vector. AAV expression in various areas of the thalamus, pretectum, posterior-tuberal region, postcommissural region, medial and lateral regions of the tegmentum, and mesencephalic reticular formation of juvenile O. keta was evaluated using CLSM followed by immunohistochemical analysis of the localization of the neuron-specific calcium binding protein HuCD in combination with nuclear staining with DAPI. The results of the analysis showed partial colocalization of cells expressing GCaMP6m-GFP with red fluorescent HuCD protein. Thus, cells of the thalamus, posterior tuberal region, mesencephalic tegmentum, cells of the accessory visual system, mesencephalic reticular formation, hypothalamus, and postcommissural region of the mesencephalon of juvenile chum salmon expressing GCaMP6m-GFP were attributed to the neuron-specific line of chum salmon brain cells, which indicates the ability of hippocampal mammal rAAV to integrate into neurons of the central nervous system of fish with subsequent expression of viral proteins, which obviously indicates the neuronal expression of a mammalian adenoviral receptor homolog by juvenile chum salmon neurons.
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Pushchina EV, Kapustyanov IA, Shamshurina EV, Varaksin AA. Labeling of Mesencephalic Tegmental
Neurons in a Juvenile Pacific Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus
keta with Mouse Hippocampal Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gratacap RL, Regan T, Dehler CE, Martin SAM, Boudinot P, Collet B, Houston RD. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in a salmonid fish cell line using a lentivirus delivery system. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:35. [PMID: 32576161 PMCID: PMC7310381 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome editing is transforming bioscience research, but its application to non-model organisms, such as farmed animal species, requires optimisation. Salmonids are the most important aquaculture species by value, and improving genetic resistance to infectious disease is a major goal. However, use of genome editing to evaluate putative disease resistance genes in cell lines, and the use of genome-wide CRISPR screens is currently limited by a lack of available tools and techniques. RESULTS In the current study, we developed an optimised protocol using lentivirus transduction for efficient integration of constructs into the genome of a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshwaytcha) cell line (CHSE-214). As proof-of-principle, two target genes were edited with high efficiency in an EGFP-Cas9 stable CHSE cell line; specifically, the exogenous, integrated EGFP and the endogenous RIG-I locus. Finally, the effective use of antibiotic selection to enrich the successfully edited targeted population was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The optimised lentiviral-mediated CRISPR method reported here increases possibilities for efficient genome editing in salmonid cells, in particular for future applications of genome-wide CRISPR screens for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi L Gratacap
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush campus, Midlothian, UK.
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush campus, Midlothian, UK
| | - Carola E Dehler
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universite Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universite Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush campus, Midlothian, UK.
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5
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Function of leukaemia inhibitory factor in spermatogenesis of a teleost fish, the medaka Oryzias latipes. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:423-431. [PMID: 31617472 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In response to gonadotropins and androgens, testicular cells produce various molecules that control proper proliferation and differentiation of spermatogenic cells through their paracrine and autocrine actions. However, molecules functioning downstream of the hormonal stimulation are poorly understood. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (Lif) is known to maintain the pluripotency of stem cells including embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells at least in vitro, but its actual roles in vivo remain to be elucidated. To clarify the function of Lif in teleost (medaka) testes, we examined the effects of Lif on spermatogenesis in a newly established cell culture system using a cell line (named Mtp1) derived from medaka testicular somatic cells as feeder cells. We found that addition of baculovirus-produced recombinant medaka Lif to the culture medium or co-culture with Lif-overexpressing Mtp1 cells increased the number of spermatogonia. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses of the medaka testes showed that mRNAs and proteins of Lif are expressed in spermatogonia and the surrounding Sertoli cells, with higher expression levels in type A (undifferentiated) spermatogonia than in type B (differentiated) spermatogonia. Our findings suggest that Lif regulates spermatogonial cell proliferation in the medaka.
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Gratacap RL, Wargelius A, Edvardsen RB, Houston RD. Potential of Genome Editing to Improve Aquaculture Breeding and Production. Trends Genet 2019; 35:672-684. [PMID: 31331664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector and is rapidly becoming the primary source of seafood for human diets. Selective breeding programs are enabling genetic improvement of production traits, such as disease resistance, but progress is limited by the heritability of the trait and generation interval of the species. New breeding technologies, such as genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to expedite sustainable genetic improvement in aquaculture. Genome editing can rapidly introduce favorable changes to the genome, such as fixing alleles at existing trait loci, creating de novo alleles, or introducing alleles from other strains or species. The high fecundity and external fertilization of most aquaculture species can facilitate genome editing for research and application at a scale that is not possible in farmed terrestrial animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi L Gratacap
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anna Wargelius
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Fazio M, Avagyan S, van Rooijen E, Mannherz W, Kaufman CK, Lobbardi R, Langenau DM, Zon LI. Efficient Transduction of Zebrafish Melanoma Cell Lines and Embryos Using Lentiviral Vectors. Zebrafish 2017; 14:379-382. [PMID: 28557653 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of in vitro cultures of zebrafish cancer cells has expanded the potential of zebrafish as a disease model. However, the lack of effective methods for gene delivery and genetic manipulation has limited the experimental applications of these cultures. To overcome this barrier, we tested and optimized vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral and retroviral vector transduction protocols. We show that lentivirus successfully and efficiently transduced zebrafish melanoma cell lines in vitro, allowing antibiotic selection, fluorescence-based sorting, and in vivo allotransplantation. In addition, injection of concentrated lentiviral particles into embryos and tumors established the feasibility of in vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fazio
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Serine Avagyan
- 2 Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Mannherz
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis , Missouri.,4 Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- 5 Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - David M Langenau
- 5 Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard I Zon
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute , Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Lin F, Zhang L, Li Y, Ge R, Hong Y. Gene transfer and genome-wide insertional mutagenesis by retroviral transduction in fish stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127961. [PMID: 26029933 PMCID: PMC4451014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrovirus (RV) is efficient for gene transfer and integration in dividing cells of diverse organisms. RV provides a powerful tool for insertional mutagenesis (IM) to identify and functionally analyze genes essential for normal and pathological processes. Here we report RV-mediated gene transfer and genome-wide IM in fish stem cells from medaka and zebrafish. Three RVs were produced for fish cell transduction: rvLegfp and rvLcherry produce green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry fluorescent protein respectively under control of human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter upon any chromosomal integration, whereas rvGTgfp contains a splicing acceptor and expresses GFP only upon gene trapping (GT) via intronic in-frame integration and spliced to endogenous active genes. We show that rvLegfp and rvLcherry produce a transduction efficiency of 11~23% in medaka and zebrafish stem cell lines, which is as 30~67% efficient as the positive control in NIH/3T3. Upon co-infection with rvGTgfp and rvLcherry, GFP-positive cells were much fewer than Cherry-positive cells, consistent with rareness of productive gene trapping events versus random integration. Importantly, rvGTgfp infection in the medaka haploid embryonic stem (ES) cell line HX1 generated GTgfp insertion on all 24 chromosomes of the haploid genome. Similar to the mammalian haploid cells, these insertion events were presented predominantly in intergenic regions and introns but rarely in exons. RV-transduced HX1 retained the ES cell properties such as stable growth, embryoid body formation and pluripotency gene expression. Therefore, RV is proficient for gene transfer and IM in fish stem cells. Our results open new avenue for genome-wide IM in medaka haploid ES cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunhan Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Sandbichler AM, Aschberger T, Pelster B. A method to evaluate the efficiency of transfection reagents in an adherent zebrafish cell line. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:20-7. [PMID: 23515475 PMCID: PMC3569953 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple and robust method to evaluate the transfection efficiency of commercially available transfection reagents intended to be established for use in nonmammalian cell lines. To illustrate the method, we compare the ability of four different reagents to transfect the embryonic zebrafish cell line Z3. Z3 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate and simultaneously transfected in several variations by using minimum volumes of transfection reagent and a vector DNA encoding an amplified version of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After 24 and 48 h, transfection efficiency was determined by a dual fluorescence plate reader measurement of GFP and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence, an indicator of cell density. Of the four different reagents tested, certain variations of JetPrime™ reagent and X-tremeGene™ HP reagent produced the highest fluorescence signal per cell after 24- and 48-h incubation, respectively. The simultaneous multivariate setup enables comparing different reagent/DNA combinations at different time points well, independent of cell growth variability or seeding density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Michael Sandbichler
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Jackson MF, Hoversten KE, Powers JM, Trobridge GD, Rodgers BD. Genetic manipulation of myoblasts and a novel primary myosatellite cell culture system: comparing and optimizing approaches. FEBS J 2013; 280:827-39. [PMID: 23173931 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetic manipulation of skeletal muscle cells in vitro is notoriously difficult, especially when using undifferentiated muscle cell lines (myoblasts) or primary muscle stem cells (myosatellites). We therefore optimized methods of gene transfer by overexpressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in mouse C2C12 cells and in a novel system, primary rainbow trout myosatellite cells. A common lipid-based transfection reagent was used (Lipofectamine 2000) along with three different viral vectors: adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2), baculovirus (BAC) and lentivirus. Maximal transfection efficiencies of 49% were obtained in C2C12 cells after optimizing cell density and reagent : DNA ratio, although the GFP signal rapidly dissipated with proliferation and was not maintained with differentiation. The transduction efficiency of AAV2 was optimized to 65% by extending incubation time and decreasing cell density, although only 30% of cells retained expression after passing. A viral comparison revealed that lentivirus was most efficient at transducing C2C12 myoblasts as 97% of cells were transduced with only 10(6) viral genomes (vg) compared to 54% with 10(8) vg AAV2 and 23% with 10(9) vg BAC. Lentivirus also transduced 90% of primary trout myosatellites compared to 1-10% with AAV2 and BAC. The phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (pgk) promoter was 10-fold more active than the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in C2C12 cells and both were effective in trout myosatellites. Maximal transduction of C2C12 myotubes was achieved by differentiating myoblasts previously transduced with lentivirus and the pgk promoter. Thus, our optimized protocol proved highly effective in diverse muscle cell systems and could therefore help overcome a common technological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa F Jackson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA
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Kawasaki T, Saito K, Sakai C, Shinya M, Sakai N. Production of zebrafish offspring from cultured spermatogonial stem cells. Genes Cells 2012; 17:316-25. [PMID: 22390480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2012.01589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Germ-line stem cells have the potential to be a very powerful tool for modifying the genetic information of individual animals. As a first step to use spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to enable genetic modification, we here describe effective long-term culture conditions for propagating zebrafish SSCs and for the production of offspring from these cultured SSCs after their differentiation into sperm in transplanted testicular cell aggregates. Dissociated testicular cells were cultured in specific medium with some modified supplements, including several mammalian growth factors. The spermatogonia actively proliferated and retained the expression of exogenous green fluorescent protein under the control of vas and sox17 promoters and also of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (Plzf), a marker of undifferentiated spermatogonia, after 1 month in culture. This is a longer period than the entire natural spermatogenic cycle (from SSCs to sperm). The use of subcutaneously grafted aggregates of these cultured spermatogonia and freshly dissociated testicular cells showed that these SSCs could undergo self-renewal and differentiation into sperm. Artificial insemination of these grafted aggregates successfully produced offspring. This culture method will facilitate the identification of new factors for the maintenance of SSCs and enable the future enrichment of genetically modified SSCs that will produce offspring in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Genetic Strains Research Centre, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
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Suehiro Y, Kinoshita M, Okuyama T, Shimada A, Naruse K, Takeda H, Kubo T, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi H. Transient and permanent gene transfer into the brain of the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) using human adenovirus and the Cre-loxP system. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3545-9. [PMID: 20621097 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that human type-5 adenovirus infected the brain of the teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), in vivo. Injection of adenoviral vector into the mesencephalic ventricle of medaka larvae induced the expression of reporter genes in some parts of the telencephalon, the periventricular area of the mesencephalon and diencephalon, and the cerebellum. Additionally, the Cre-loxP system works in medaka brains using transgenic medaka carrying a vector containing DsRed2, flanked by loxP sites under control of the beta-actin promoter and downstream promoterless enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We demonstrated that the presence of green fluorescence depended on injection of adenoviral vector expressing the Cre gene and confirmed that EGFP mRNA was transcribed in the virus-injected larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suehiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Park KH, Yun CO, Kwon OJ, Kim CH, Kim JR, Cho KH. Enhanced Delivery of Adenovirus, Using Proteoliposomes Containing Wildtype or V156K Apolipoprotein A-I and Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:579-87. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Park
- School of Biotechnology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Oh-Joon Kwon
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology and GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- School of Biotechnology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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