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Mob4-dependent STRIPAK involves the chaperonin TRiC to coordinate myofibril and microtubule network growth. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010287. [PMID: 35737712 PMCID: PMC9258817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils of the skeletal muscle are comprised of sarcomeres that generate force by contraction when myosin-rich thick filaments slide past actin-based thin filaments. Surprisingly little is known about the molecular processes that guide sarcomere assembly in vivo, despite deficits within this process being a major cause of human disease. To overcome this knowledge gap, we undertook a forward genetic screen coupled with reverse genetics to identify genes required for vertebrate sarcomere assembly. In this screen, we identified a zebrafish mutant with a nonsense mutation in mob4. In Drosophila, mob4 has been reported to play a role in spindle focusing as well as neurite branching and in planarians mob4 was implemented in body size regulation. In contrast, zebrafish mob4geh mutants are characterised by an impaired actin biogenesis resulting in sarcomere defects. Whereas loss of mob4 leads to a reduction in the amount of myofibril, transgenic expression of mob4 triggers an increase. Further genetic analysis revealed the interaction of Mob4 with the actin-folding chaperonin TRiC, suggesting that Mob4 impacts on TRiC to control actin biogenesis and thus myofibril growth. Additionally, mob4geh features a defective microtubule network, which is in-line with tubulin being the second main folding substrate of TRiC. We also detected similar characteristics for strn3-deficient mutants, which confirmed Mob4 as a core component of STRIPAK and surprisingly implicates a role of the STRIPAK complex in sarcomerogenesis.
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Yang Z, He T, Chen Q. The Roles of CircRNAs in Regulating Muscle Development of Livestock Animals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619329. [PMID: 33748107 PMCID: PMC7973088 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle growth and development of livestock animals is a complex, multistage process, which is regulated by many factors, especially the genes related to muscle development. In recent years, it has been reported frequently that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved widely in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and body development (including muscle development). However, the research on circRNAs in muscle growth and development of livestock animals is still in its infancy. In this paper, we briefly introduce the discovery, classification, biogenesis, biological function, and degradation of circRNAs and focus on the molecular mechanism and mode of action of circRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs in the muscle development of livestock and poultry. In addition, we also discuss the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs on muscle development in livestock in terms of transcription, translation, and mRNAs. The purpose of this article is to discuss the multiple regulatory roles of circRNAs in the process of muscle development in livestock, to provide new ideas for the development of a new co-expression regulation network, and to lay a foundation for enriching livestock breeding and improving livestock economic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Yang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianle He
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Hall TE, Wood AJ, Ehrlich O, Li M, Sonntag CS, Cole NJ, Huttner IG, Sztal TE, Currie PD. Cellular rescue in a zebrafish model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:21. [PMID: 31754462 PMCID: PMC6858319 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins comprise structural components of basement membranes, critical in the regulation of differentiation, survival and migration of a diverse range of cell types, including skeletal muscle. Mutations in one muscle enriched Laminin isoform, Laminin alpha2 (Lama2), results in the most common form of congenital muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A). However, the exact cellular mechanism by which Laminin loss results in the pathological spectrum associated with MDC1A remains elusive. Here we show, via live tracking of individual muscle fibres, that dystrophic myofibres in the zebrafish model of MDC1A maintain sarcolemmal integrity and undergo dynamic remodelling behaviours post detachment, including focal sarcolemmal reattachment, cell extension and hyper-fusion with surrounding myoblasts. These observations imply the existence of a window of therapeutic opportunity, where detached cells may be “re-functionalised” prior to their delayed entry into the cell death program, a process we show can be achieved by muscle specific or systemic Laminin delivery. We further reveal that Laminin also acts as a pro-regenerative factor that stimulates muscle stem cell-mediated repair in lama2-deficient animals in vivo. The potential multi-mode of action of Laminin replacement therapy suggests it may provide a potent therapeutic axis for the treatment for MDC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Hall
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,2Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067 Australia
| | - A J Wood
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - O Ehrlich
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - M Li
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - C S Sonntag
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - N J Cole
- 3Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 Australia.,4Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Science, Anderson Stuart Building, Eastern Avenue, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - I G Huttner
- 3Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010 Australia
| | - T E Sztal
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,5Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - P D Currie
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800 Australia.,6EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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Sztal TE, McKaige EA, Williams C, Oorschot V, Ramm G, Bryson-Richardson RJ. Testing of therapies in a novel nebulin nemaline myopathy model demonstrate a lack of efficacy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:40. [PMID: 29848386 PMCID: PMC5977763 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathies are heterogeneous congenital muscle disorders causing skeletal muscle weakness and, in some cases, death soon after birth. Mutations in nebulin, encoding a large sarcomeric protein required for thin filament function, are responsible for approximately 50% of nemaline myopathy cases. Despite the severity of the disease there is no effective treatment for nemaline myopathy with limited research to develop potential therapies. Several supplements, including L-tyrosine, have been suggested to be beneficial and consequently self-administered by nemaline myopathy patients without any knowledge of their efficacy. We have characterized a zebrafish model for nemaline myopathy caused by a mutation in nebulin. These fish form electron-dense nemaline bodies and display reduced muscle function akin to the phenotypes observed in nemaline myopathy patients. We have utilized our zebrafish model to test and evaluate four treatments currently self-administered by nemaline myopathy patients to determine their ability to increase skeletal muscle function. Analysis of muscle pathology and locomotion following treatment with L-tyrosine, L-carnitine, taurine, or creatine revealed no significant improvement in skeletal muscle function emphasizing the urgency to develop effective therapies for nemaline myopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/therapeutic use
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Mutation/genetics
- Myopathies, Nemaline/genetics
- Myopathies, Nemaline/pathology
- Myopathies, Nemaline/therapy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar E Sztal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily A McKaige
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlin Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Vågberg W, Larsson DH, Li M, Arner A, Hertz HM. X-ray phase-contrast tomography for high-spatial-resolution zebrafish muscle imaging. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16625. [PMID: 26564785 PMCID: PMC4643221 DOI: 10.1038/srep16625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of muscular structure with cellular or subcellular detail in whole-body animal models is of key importance for understanding muscular disease and assessing interventions. Classical histological methods for high-resolution imaging methods require excision, fixation and staining. Here we show that the three-dimensional muscular structure of unstained whole zebrafish can be imaged with sub-5 μm detail with X-ray phase-contrast tomography. Our method relies on a laboratory propagation-based phase-contrast system tailored for detection of low-contrast 4-6 μm subcellular myofibrils. The method is demonstrated on 20 days post fertilization zebrafish larvae and comparative histology confirms that we resolve individual myofibrils in the whole-body animal. X-ray imaging of healthy zebrafish show the expected structured muscle pattern while specimen with a dystrophin deficiency (sapje) displays an unstructured pattern, typical of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The method opens up for whole-body imaging with sub-cellular detail also of other types of soft tissue and in different animal models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
- Larva/genetics
- Larva/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
- Muscles/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Myofibrils/diagnostic imaging
- Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation
- Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vågberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel H. Larsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans M. Hertz
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden
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