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Bensimon-Brito A, Boezio GLM, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wietelmann A, Ramkumar S, Lundegaard PR, Helker CSM, Ramadass R, Piesker J, Nauerth A, Mueller C, Stainier DYR. Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2665-2687. [PMID: 34609500 PMCID: PMC9491864 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque. Methods and results Here, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically. Conclusion We report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group MRI and µ-CT, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pia R Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Narumanchi S, Wang H, Perttunen S, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Paavola J. Zebrafish Heart Failure Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662583. [PMID: 34095129 PMCID: PMC8173159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The understanding of heart failure pathomechanisms and options for treatment remain incomplete. Zebrafish has proven useful for modeling human heart diseases due to similarity of zebrafish and mammalian hearts, fast easily tractable development, and readily available genetic methods. Embryonic cardiac development is rapid and cardiac function is easy to observe and quantify. Reverse genetics, by using morpholinos and CRISPR-Cas9 to modulate gene function, make zebrafish a primary animal model for in vivo studies of candidate genes. Zebrafish are able to effectively regenerate their hearts following injury. However, less attention has been given to using zebrafish models to increase understanding of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we discuss using zebrafish to study heart failure and cardiac remodeling, and review zebrafish genetic, drug-induced and other heart failure models, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of using zebrafish to model human heart disease. Using zebrafish models will lead to insights on the pathomechanisms of heart failure, with the aim to ultimately provide novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Lumley AI, Zhang L, Ernens I, Leszek P, Devaux Y. The Long Noncoding RNA Landscape of Cardiac Regeneration in Zebrafish. Can J Cardiol 2020; 37:484-492. [PMID: 32835855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic targets of heart failure (HF) are needed. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are engaged during cardiac regeneration. Unlike in humans, zebrafish naturally undergo cardiac regeneration after HF. We aimed to describe the landscape of lncRNAs during regeneration in a zebrafish model of HF and to investigate their human homologs. METHODS HF was established in adult zebrafish through thrice-weekly incubations with an anemia-inducing drug, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ). After 5 weeks, PHZ treatment ceased and the fish were followed through a regeneration period of 14 days. Total RNA was extracted from the hearts of adult zebrafish after establishment of HF and at 2, 5, and 9 days after treatment cessation (9 hearts per condition at each time point). Gene regulation patterns were characterized with the use of bioinformatics and validated with the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We obtained 14,340 lncRNAs from the reannotated Affymetrix zebrafish microarray. Of these, 187 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (false discovery rate < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2) at at least 1 time point. 85% of differentially expressed lncRNAs overlapped or were close to (distance < 10 kb) protein-coding genes which were mostly related to muscle development in Gene Ontology analyses. Fifty-seven lncRNAs had human homologs, according to orientation relative to their conserved protein-coding neighbours. CONCLUSIONS LncRNAs are differentially expressed during regeneration after HF in adult zebrafish and could be potential future therapeutic targets. The extent to which lncRNAs contribute to cardiac regeneration is a worthy avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Lumley
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Isabelle Ernens
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Heart Failure and Transplantology Department, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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4
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Benslimane FM, Alser M, Zakaria ZZ, Sharma A, Abdelrahman HA, Yalcin HC. Adaptation of a Mice Doppler Echocardiography Platform to Measure Cardiac Flow Velocities for Embryonic Chicken and Adult Zebrafish. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:96. [PMID: 31139625 PMCID: PMC6527763 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography is the most widely used imaging technique in cardiovascular medicine. In this technique, a piezoelectric crystal produces, sends, and receives high frequency ultrasound waves to the body to create an image of internal organs. It enables practical real time visualization in a non-invasive manner, making the modality especially useful to image dynamic cardiac structures. In the last few decades, echocardiography has been applied to in vivo cardiac disease models, mainly to rodents. While clinical echocardiography platforms can be used for relatively large animals such as pigs and rats, specialized systems are needed for smaller species. Theoretically, as the size of the imaged sample decreases, the frequency of the ultrasound transducer needed to image the sample increases. There are multiple modes of echocardiography imaging. In Doppler mode, erythrocytes blood flow velocities are measured from the frequency shift of the sent ultrasound waves compared to received echoes. Recorded data are then used to calculate cardiac function parameters such as cardiac output, as well as the hemodynamic shear stress levels in the heart and blood vessels. The multi-mode (i.e., b-mode, m-mode, Pulsed Doppler, Tissue Doppler, etc.) small animal ultrasound systems in the market can be used for most in vivo cardiac disease models including mice, embryonic chick and zebrafish. These systems are also associated with significant costs. Alternatively, there are more economical single-mode echocardiography platforms. However, these are originally built for mice studies and they need to be tested and evaluated for smaller experimental models. We recently adapted a mice Doppler echocardiography system to measure cardiac flow velocities for adult zebrafish and embryonic chicken. We successfully assessed cardiac function and hemodynamic shear stress for normal as well as for diseased embryonic chicken and zebrafish. In this paper, we will present our detailed protocols for Doppler flow measurements and further cardiac function analysis on these models using the setup. The protocols will involve detailed steps for animal stabilization, probe orientation for specific measurements, data acquisition, and data analysis. We believe this information will help cardiac researchers to establish similar echocardiography platforms in their labs in a practical and economical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Alser
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anju Sharma
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Fujisawa K, Takami T, Fukui Y, Nagatomo T, Saeki I, Matsumoto T, Hidaka I, Yamamoto N, Okamoto T, Furutani-Seiki M, Sakaida I. Assessment of high-fat-diet-induced fatty liver in medaka. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031534. [PMID: 30127096 PMCID: PMC6262850 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver, which has been continuously becoming more common in a number of patients, is the most common liver disease. For detailed analysis, a useful model for fatty liver is needed and fish are considered as a potential candidate. We assessed through direct observation of the liver, which is the most conventional method for non-invasive analysis of progression in fatty liver. By using transparent medaka (Oryzias latipes), we were able to observe changes in fat deposition in the liver. An analysis of the progression of fatty liver using ultrasound showed a significant increase in echo intensity, which indicates that this is a useful examination method. In addition, we clarified a metabolite profile in the medaka liver fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which had not previously been shown in detail. This medaka model, allowing non-invasive and repetitive assessment, is a useful model for the analysis of diseases that cause fatty liver in which changes in detailed metabolites are identified. Summary: Our medaka model allows for non-invasive and repetitive assessment and is useful in the analysis of fatty liver in which changes in detailed metabolites are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatomo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Issei Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Systems Biochemistry in Pathology and Regeneration, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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6
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Restoration of cardiac function after anaemia-induced heart failure in zebrafish. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:223-232. [PMID: 30009777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS New therapeutic approaches are needed to fight against the growing epidemic of heart failure. Unlike mammals, zebrafish possess the incredible ability to regenerate cardiac tissue after acute trauma such as apical resection. Yet, the ability of zebrafish to recover after a chronic stress leading to heart failure has not been reported. The aim of this study was to test whether zebrafish can recover a normal cardiac function after anaemia-induced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight- to ten-month-old zebrafish were treated with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, an anaemia inducer, to generate heart failure. Treatment was stopped after 5 weeks and fish were followed-up for 3 weeks. Assessment of ventricular function by ultrasound at the end of the treatment revealed an increase in ventricle diameter (+47%) and a decrease in heart rate (-36%) and fractional shortening (-30%). A decrease in swim capacity was also observed (-31%). Tissue staining showed a thickening of the ventricular wall (5-fold), cell apoptosis and proliferation but no fibrosis. Expression of foetal genes, angiogenic factor and inflammation markers was increased, and β-adrenergic receptor-1 was decreased. Three weeks after phenylhydrazine hydrochloride withdrawal, all parameters returned to baseline and the fish recovered a normal cardiac function, tissue morphology and gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish are able to completely recover from anaemia-induced heart failure. This model represents a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of cardiac repair and may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets of heart failure.
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7
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Wang LW, Huttner IG, Santiago CF, Kesteven SH, Yu ZY, Feneley MP, Fatkin D. Standardized echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in normal adult zebrafish and heart disease models. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:63-76. [PMID: 28067629 PMCID: PMC5278526 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an increasingly popular model organism in cardiovascular research. Major insights into cardiac developmental processes have been gained by studies of embryonic zebrafish. However, the utility of zebrafish for modeling adult-onset heart disease has been limited by a lack of robust methods for in vivo evaluation of cardiac function. We established a physiological protocol for underwater zebrafish echocardiography using high frequency ultrasound, and evaluated its reliability in detecting altered cardiac function in two disease models. Serial assessment of cardiac function was performed in wild-type zebrafish aged 3 to 12 months and the effects of anesthetic agents, age, sex and background strain were evaluated. There was a varying extent of bradycardia and ventricular contractile impairment with different anesthetic drugs and doses, with tricaine 0.75 mmol l−1 having a relatively more favorable profile. When compared with males, female fish were larger and had more measurement variability. Although age-related increments in ventricular chamber size were greater in females than males, there were no sex differences when data were normalized to body size. Systolic ventricular function was similar in both sexes at all time points, but differences in diastolic function were evident from 6 months onwards. Wild-type fish of both sexes showed a reliance on atrial contraction for ventricular diastolic filling. Echocardiographic evaluation of adult zebrafish with diphtheria toxin-induced myocarditis or anemia-induced volume overload accurately identified ventricular dilation and altered contraction, with suites of B-mode, ventricular strain, pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler indices showing concordant changes indicative of myocardial hypocontractility or hypercontractility, respectively. Repeatability, intra-observer and inter-observer correlations for echocardiographic measurements were high. We demonstrate that high frequency echocardiography allows reliable in vivo cardiac assessment in adult zebrafish and make recommendations for optimizing data acquisition and analysis. This enabling technology reveals new insights into zebrafish cardiac physiology and provides an imaging platform for zebrafish-based translational research. Summary: Standardization of zebrafish echocardiography provides insights into cardiac physiology in normal and diseased states, with application for functional studies in zebrafish models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W Wang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Celine F Santiago
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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8
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Ernens I, Lumley AI, Zhang L, Devaux Y, Wagner DR. Hypoxia inhibits lymphatic thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1129-1134. [PMID: 27916465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes blood vessel growth through up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways but its role on the lymphatic system remains unclear. The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is a master control gene for generating lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors in mammals. While vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is critical for angiogenesis, VEGFC and its receptor VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) are essential for the initial sprouting and directed migration as well as for the subsequent survival of LECs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxia on the development of the lymphatic system in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were obtained from Tg(SAGFF27C; UAS:GFP) animals carrying a lymphatic reporter gene coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Exposure of 1-day old zebrafish embryos to hypoxic conditions (5% O2) for 24 h inhibited thoracic duct formation (-27%, p < 0.0001). Hypoxia inhibited the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic factors prox1a, vegfc and vegfr-3. This inhibition was relieved after re-oxygenation. On the other hand, hypoxia increased the expression of vegfa, a pro-angiogenic factor. In conclusion, hypoxia has opposite effects on vascular development in zebrafish, inhibiting the development of the lymphatic vascular system while promoting the development of the blood vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ernens
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg.
| | - Andrew I Lumley
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg; Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 4, Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg
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9
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Wang LW, Huttner IG, Santiago CF, Fatkin D. Bradycardia in Zebrafish Heart Failure: A True Physiological Response or Anesthetic-Induced Red Herring? Zebrafish 2016; 13:475-476. [PMID: 27676282 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis W Wang
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia .,2 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales, Australia .,3 Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia .,2 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celine F Santiago
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia .,2 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales, Australia .,3 Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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