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Short-Term Effects of Human versus Bovine Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharide Microinjection on Zebrafish Larvae Survival, Locomotor Behavior and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065456. [PMID: 36982531 PMCID: PMC10051688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides are a complex class of carbohydrates that act as bioactive factors in numerous defensive and physiological functions, including brain development. Early nutrition can modulate nervous system development and can lead to epigenetic imprinting. We attempted to increase the sialylated oligosaccharide content of zebrafish yolk reserves, with the aim of evaluating any short-term effects of the treatment on mortality, locomotor behavior, and gene expression. Wild-type embryos were microinjected with saline solution or solutions containing sialylated milk oligosaccharides extracted from human and bovine milk. The results suggest that burst activity and larval survival rates were unaffected by the treatments. Locomotion parameters were found to be similar during the light phase between control and treated larvae; in the dark, however, milk oligosaccharide-treated larvae showed increased test plate exploration. Thigmotaxis results did not reveal significant differences in either the light or the dark conditions. The RNA-seq analysis indicated that both treatments exert an antioxidant effect in developing fish. Moreover, sialylated human milk oligosaccharides seemed to increase the expression of genes related to cell cycle control and chromosomal replication, while bovine-derived oligosaccharides caused an increase in the expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis and neuronal signaling. These data shed some light on this poorly explored research field, showing that both human and bovine oligosaccharides support brain proliferation and maturation.
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Chaput SL, Burggren WW, Hurd PL, Hamilton TJ. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) shoaling in light and dark conditions involves a complex interplay between vision and lateral line. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114228. [PMID: 36436731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We know little about how - or even if in some species - fish shoal in darkness. We hypothesized that 'dark shoaling' occurs in zebrafish and therefore must depend upon lateral line sensory input. Shoaling in groups of five adult zebrafish was analyzed with motion tracking software. We measured average inter-individual distance, time near the arena wall (thigmotaxis zone) and total distance traveled under normal room light, and in near-complete darkness (infrared light at 850 nm). These observations were repeated in fish treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), which ablates lateral line function. In untreated controls, dark shoaling was reduced compared to in light, but nonetheless still present. Elimination of lateral line sensory input by CoCl2 treatment similarly reduced, but did not eliminate, shoaling under both light and dark. Our findings indicate that normal zebrafish shoaling in light or dark requires both visual and lateral line inputs, with neither alone sufficient for normal shoaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna-Lee Chaput
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX76205, USA
| | - Peter L Hurd
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton T5J 4S2, Alberta, Canada.
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Dauchy RT, Blask DE. Vivarium Lighting as an Important Extrinsic Factor Influencing Animal-based Research. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:3-25. [PMID: 36755210 PMCID: PMC9936857 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Light is an extrinsic factor that exerts widespread influence on the regulation of circadian, physiologic, hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral systems of all animals, including those used in research. These wide-ranging biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors, the melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of the nonvisual system, which interact with the rods and cones of the conventional visual system. Here, we review the nature of light and circadian rhythms, current industry practices and standards, and our present understanding of the neurophysiology of the visual and nonvisual systems. We also consider the implications of this extrinsic factor for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application of light, and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and wellbeing and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
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Key Words
- blad, blue-enriched led light at daytime
- clock, circadian locomotor output kaput
- cct, correlated color temperature
- cwf, cool white fluorescent
- iprgc, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
- hiomt, hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase
- lan, light at night
- led, light-emitting diode
- plr, pupillary light reflex
- scn, suprachiasmatic nuclei
- spd, spectral power distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Manuel P, Almeida M, Martins M, Oliveira M. Effects of nanoplastics on zebrafish embryo-larval stages: A case study with polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113584. [PMID: 35718161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic production has been rising consistently in the last 30 years and with it, the presence of plastic particles in the environment. A decrease in size often increases the bioavailability and reactivity of the particles. In this study the impact of polystyrene (PS; 22 nm) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; 32 nm) nanoparticles on zebrafish embryo-larval stages was assessed by studying mortality, hatching, morphological features, and biochemical endpoints (associated with neurotransmission, antioxidant status and oxidative damage, and energy metabolism) after 96 h exposure, and swimming behavior after 120 h exposure. Organisms exposed to PMMA nanoparticles exhibited higher mortality and pericardial edema than those exposed to PS nanoparticles but displayed less effects on swimming behavior. Biochemical endpoints were altered to a higher degree in organisms exposed to PS nanoparticles (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities) but higher peroxidative damage was found after exposure to lower concentrations of PMMA nanoparticles. Both types of nanoparticles affected energy metabolism with higher levels of glycogen found in animals exposed to PS nanoparticles. The use of integrated biomarker response index confirmed that PS nanoparticles had a higher impact on biochemical endpoints of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Martins
- Aveiro Institute Materials (CICECO), Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Petersen BD, Bertoncello KT, Bonan CD. Standardizing Zebrafish Behavioral Paradigms Across Life Stages: An Effort Towards Translational Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833227. [PMID: 35126165 PMCID: PMC8810815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a prominent vertebrate model, with many of its advantages related to its development, life cycle, and translational ability. While a great number of behavioral phenotypes and tasks to evaluate them are available, longitudinal studies across zebrafish life stages are scarce and made challenging because of the differences between protocols and endpoints assessed at each life stage. In this mini review, we highlight the relevance that longitudinal studies could have for neurobehavioral pharmacology using this model. We also present possible strategies to standardize behavior endpoints in domains related to human diseases throughout the life cycle, especially between larvae and adult fish. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining difficulties of these analyses and explore future advances needed to bridge this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dutra Petersen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kanandra Taisa Bertoncello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Denise Bonan,
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Hanifin JP, Dauchy RT, Blask DE, Hill SM, Brainard GC. Relevance of Electrical Light on Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation in Laboratory Animal Facilities. ILAR J 2020; 60:150-158. [PMID: 33094817 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a key extrinsic factor to be considered in operations and design of animal room facilities. Over the past four decades, many studies on typical laboratory animal populations have demonstrated impacts on neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral, and circadian physiology. These effects are regulated independently from the defined physiology for the visual system. The range of physiological responses that oscillate with the 24 hour rhythm of the day include sleep and wakefulness, body temperature, hormonal secretion, and a wide range of other physiological parameters. Melatonin has been the chief neuroendocrine hormone studied, but acute light-induced effects on corticosterone as well as other hormones have also been observed. Within the last two decades, a new photosensory system in the mammalian eye has been discovered. A small set of retinal ganglion cells, previously thought to function as a visual output neuron, have been shown to be directly photosensitive and act differently from the classic photoreceptors of the visual system. Understanding the effects of light on mammalian physiology and behavior must take into account how the classical visual photoreceptors and the newly discovered ipRGC photoreceptor systems interact. Scientists and facility managers need to appreciate lighting impacts on circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation in order to improve lighting of laboratory facilities to foster optimum health and well-being of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana
| | - Steven M Hill
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana
| | - George C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Working with Inadequate Tools: Legislative Shortcomings in Protection against Ecological Effects of Artificial Light at Night. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental change in nocturnal landscapes due to the increasing use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is recognized as being detrimental to the environment and raises important regulatory questions as to whether and how it should be regulated based on the manifold risks to the environment. Here, we present the results of an analysis of the current legal obligations on ALAN in context with a systematic review of adverse effects. The legal analysis includes the relevant aspects of European and German environmental law, specifically nature conservation and immission control. The review represents the results of 303 studies indicating significant disturbances of organisms and landscapes. We discuss the conditions for prohibitions by environmental laws and whether protection gaps persist and, hence, whether specific legislation for light pollution is necessary. While protection is predominantly provided for species with special protection status that reveal avoidance behavior of artificially lit landscapes and associated habitat loss, adverse effects on species and landscapes without special protection status are often unaddressed by existing regulations. Legislative shortcomings are caused by difficulties in proving adverse effect on the population level, detecting lighting malpractice, and applying the law to ALAN-related situations. Measures to reduce ALAN-induced environmental impacts are highlighted. We discuss whether an obligation to implement such measures is favorable for environmental protection and how regulations can be implemented.
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Correia D, Almeida AR, Santos J, Machado AL, Koba Ucun O, Žlábek V, Oliveira M, Domingues I. Behavioral effects in adult zebrafish after developmental exposure to carbaryl. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:1022-1029. [PMID: 31561291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exposure during the early life stages of development may have long lasting effects on organisms that are rarely studied. The present work intended to evaluate the effect of embryonic exposure to the pesticide carbaryl on adult fish behavior. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed, for 4 days, to sublethal concentrations of carbaryl (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) plus a control and then kept in standard cultivation conditions until adulthood. A battery of behavioral tests was then performed to assess anxiety-like behavior (locomotor activity, thigmotaxis and novel tank diving test), social behavior, and feeding. Developmental exposure of zebrafish to sublethal concentrations of carbaryl produced important behavioral alterations in the adulthood. Main effects included decreased locomotion/hypoactivity (increase in slow movements and decrease of medium and rapid movements), especially in the light periods. Moreover, spatial pattern also changed: while during dark periods control fish increased activity in the outer zone of the tank, this was not observed in exposed fish. Overall, this demonstrated the importance of life stage exposure, clearly demonstrating long lasting effects of a (chemical) stress event at embryonic stages. This data supports the need of considering this scenario in environmental risk evaluations. Further work should focus on the mechanistic effects of developmental disruption responsible for the effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga Koba Ucun
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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