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Xie B, Guillem C, Date SS, Cohen CI, Jung C, Kendall AK, Best JT, Graham TR, Jackson LP. An interaction between β'-COP and the ArfGAP, Glo3, maintains post-Golgi cargo recycling. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202008061. [PMID: 36811888 PMCID: PMC9960064 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential COPI coat mediates retrieval of transmembrane proteins at the Golgi and endosomes following recruitment by the small GTPase, Arf1. ArfGAP proteins regulate COPI coats, but molecular details for COPI recognition by ArfGAPs remain elusive. Biochemical and biophysical data reveal how β'-COP propeller domains directly engage the yeast ArfGAP, Glo3, with a low micromolar binding affinity. Calorimetry data demonstrate that both β'-COP propeller domains are required to bind Glo3. An acidic patch on β'-COP (D437/D450) interacts with Glo3 lysine residues located within the BoCCS (binding of coatomer, cargo, and SNAREs) region. Targeted point mutations in either Glo3 BoCCS or β'-COP abrogate the interaction in vitro, and loss of the β'-COP/Glo3 interaction drives Ste2 missorting to the vacuole and aberrant Golgi morphology in budding yeast. These data suggest that cells require the β'-COP/Glo3 interaction for cargo recycling via endosomes and the TGN, where β'-COP serves as a molecular platform to coordinate binding to multiple proteins, including Glo3, Arf1, and the COPI F-subcomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clara Guillem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Swapneeta S. Date
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cameron I. Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan T. Best
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren P. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Date SS, Xu P, Hepowit NL, Diab NS, Best J, Xie B, Du J, Strieter ER, Jackson LP, MacGurn JA, Graham TR. Ubiquitination drives COPI priming and Golgi SNARE localization. eLife 2022; 11:e80911. [PMID: 35904239 PMCID: PMC9374436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering mechanisms controlling SNARE localization within the Golgi complex is crucial to understanding protein trafficking patterns within the secretory pathway. SNAREs are also thought to prime coatomer protein I (COPI) assembly to ensure incorporation of these essential cargoes into vesicles, but the regulation of these events is poorly understood. Here, we report roles for ubiquitin recognition by COPI in SNARE trafficking and in stabilizing interactions between Arf, COPI, and Golgi SNAREs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ability of COPI to bind ubiquitin, but not the dilysine motif, through its N-terminal WD repeat domain of β'-COP or through an unrelated ubiquitin-binding domain is essential for the proper localization of Golgi SNAREs Bet1 and Gos1. We find that COPI, the ArfGAP Glo3, and multiple Golgi SNAREs are ubiquitinated. Notably, the binding of Arf and COPI to Gos1 is markedly enhanced by ubiquitination of these components. Glo3 is proposed to prime COPI-SNARE interactions; however, Glo3 is not enriched in the ubiquitin-stabilized SNARE-Arf-COPI complex but is instead enriched with COPI complexes that lack SNAREs. These results support a new model for how posttranslational modifications drive COPI priming events crucial for Golgi SNARE localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapneeta S Date
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Nathaniel L Hepowit
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Nicholas S Diab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jordan Best
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Boyang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jiale Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Eric R Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Lauren P Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
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Arakel EC, Huranova M, Estrada AF, Rau EM, Spang A, Schwappach B. Dissection of GTPase-activating proteins reveals functional asymmetry in the COPI coat of budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232124. [PMID: 31331965 PMCID: PMC6737914 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arf GTPase controls formation of the COPI vesicle coat. Recent structural models of COPI revealed the positioning of two Arf1 molecules in contrasting molecular environments. Each of these pockets for Arf1 is expected to also accommodate an Arf GTPase-activating protein (ArfGAP). Structural evidence and protein interactions observed between isolated domains indirectly suggest that each niche preferentially recruits one of the two ArfGAPs known to affect COPI, i.e. Gcs1/ArfGAP1 and Glo3/ArfGAP2/3, although only partial structures are available. The functional role of the unique non-catalytic domain of either ArfGAP has not been integrated into the current COPI structural model. Here, we delineate key differences in the consequences of triggering GTP hydrolysis through the activity of one versus the other ArfGAP. We demonstrate that Glo3/ArfGAP2/3 specifically triggers Arf1 GTP hydrolysis impinging on the stability of the COPI coat. We show that the Snf1 kinase complex, the yeast homologue of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates the region of Glo3 that is crucial for this effect and, thereby, regulates its function in the COPI-vesicle cycle. Our results revise the model of ArfGAP function in the molecular context of COPI. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: The regulatory domain of the COPI-associated ArfGAP Glo3 can stabilize the COPI coat. GTP hydrolysis is necessary to resolve the stabilised state. This mechanism is regulated by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Arakel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Huranova
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro F Estrada
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - E-Ming Rau
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Spang
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany .,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang S, Liu X, Li L, Yu R, He J, Zhang H, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. The ArfGAP protein MoGlo3 regulates the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3982-3996. [PMID: 28504350 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) and the coat protein complex I (COPI) are involved in vesicle transport. Together with GTPase-activating proteins (ArfGAPs) and guanine exchange factors (ArfGEFs) that regulate the activity of Arf, they govern vesicle formation, COPI trafficking and the maintenance of the Golgi complex. In an ongoing effort to study the role of membrane trafficking in pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified MoGlo3 as an ArfGAP protein that is homologous to Glo3p of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As suspected, MoGlo3 partially complements the function of yeast Glo3p. Consistent with findings in S. cerevisiae, MoGlo3 is localized to the Golgi, and that the localization is dependent on the conserved BoCCS domain. We found that MoGlo3 is highly expressed during conidiation and early infection stages and is required for vegetative growth, conidial production and sexual development. We further found that the ΔMoglo3 mutant is defective in endocytosis, scavenging of the reactive oxygen species, and in the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The combined effects result in failed appressorium function and decreased pathogenicity. Moreover, we provided evidence showing that the domains including the GAP, BoCCS and GRM are all important for normal MoGlo3 functions. Our studies further illustrate the importance of normal membrane trafficking in the physiology and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Estrada AF, Muruganandam G, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Spang A. The ArfGAP2/3 Glo3 and ergosterol collaborate in transport of a subset of cargoes. Biol Open 2015; 4:792-802. [PMID: 25964658 PMCID: PMC4571087 DOI: 10.1242/bio.011528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins reach the plasma membrane through the secretory pathway in which the trans Golgi network (TGN) acts as a sorting station. Transport from the TGN to the plasma membrane is maintained by a number of different pathways that act either directly or via the endosomal system. Here we show that a subset of cargoes depends on the ArfGAP2/3 Glo3 and ergosterol to maintain their proper localization at the plasma membrane. While interfering with neither ArfGAP2/3 activity nor ergosterol biosynthesis individually significantly altered plasma membrane localization of the tryptophan transporter Tat2, the general amino acid permease Gap1 and the v-SNARE Snc1, in a Δglo3 Δerg3 strain those proteins accumulated in internal endosomal structures. Export from the TGN to the plasma membrane and recycling from early endosomes appeared unaffected as the chitin synthase Chs3 that travels along these routes was localized normally. Our data indicate that a subset of proteins can reach the plasma membrane efficiently but after endocytosis becomes trapped in endosomal structures. Our study supports a role for ArfGAP2/3 in recycling from endosomes and in transport to the vacuole/lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Estrada
- Growth & Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- Growth & Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Spang
- Growth & Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Kawada D, Kobayashi H, Tomita T, Nakata E, Nagano M, Siekhaus DE, Toshima JY, Toshima J. The yeast Arf-GAP Glo3p is required for the endocytic recycling of cell surface proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:144-56. [PMID: 25409928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily play diverse roles in intracellular trafficking. Among them, the Rab, Arf, and Rho families function in successive steps of vesicle transport, in forming vesicles from donor membranes, directing vesicle trafficking toward target membranes and docking vesicles onto target membranes. These proteins act as molecular switches that are controlled by a cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). In this study we explored the role of GAPs in the regulation of the endocytic pathway using fluorescently labeled yeast mating pheromone α-factor. Among 25 non-essential GAP mutants, we found that deletion of the GLO3 gene, encoding Arf-GAP protein, caused defective internalization of fluorescently labeled α-factor. Quantitative analysis revealed that glo3Δ cells show defective α-factor binding to the cell surface. Interestingly, Ste2p, the α-factor receptor, was mis-localized from the plasma membrane to the vacuole in glo3Δ cells. Domain deletion mutants of Glo3p revealed that a GAP-independent function, as well as the GAP activity, of Glo3p is important for both α-factor binding and Ste2p localization at the cell surface. Additionally, we found that deletion of the GLO3 gene affects the size and number of Arf1p-residing Golgi compartments and causes a defect in transport from the TGN to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated that glo3Δ cells were defective in the late endosome-to-TGN transport pathway, but not in the early endosome-to-TGN transport pathway. These findings suggest novel roles for Arf-GAP Glo3p in endocytic recycling of cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kawada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nakata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Research Center for RNA Science, RIST, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | | | - Junko Y Toshima
- Research Center for RNA Science, RIST, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Jiro Toshima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Research Center for RNA Science, RIST, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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8
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ArfGAP3 is a component of the photoreceptor synaptic ribbon complex and forms an NAD(H)-regulated, redox-sensitive complex with RIBEYE that is important for endocytosis. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5245-60. [PMID: 24719103 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3837-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribbon synapses are tonically active synapses in the retina and inner ear with intense vesicle traffic. How this traffic is organized and regulated is still unknown. Synaptic ribbons, large presynaptic structures associated with numerous synaptic vesicles, appear to be essential for this process. The base of the synaptic ribbon is anchored at the active zone and is a hotspot of exocytosis. The synaptic ribbon complex is also important for vesicle replenishment. RIBEYE is a unique and major component of synaptic ribbons. It consists of a unique A-domain and an NAD(H)-binding, C-terminal B-domain. In the present study, we show that the Arf-GTPase activating protein-3 (ArfGAP3), a well characterized regulator of vesicle formation at the Golgi apparatus, is also a component of the synaptic ribbon complex in photoreceptor synapses of the mouse retina and interacts with RIBEYE as shown by multiple, independent approaches. ArfGAP3 binds to RIBEYE(B)-domain in an NAD(H)-dependent manner. The interaction is redox sensitive because NADH is more efficient than the oxidized NAD(+) in promoting ArfGAP3-RIBEYE interaction. RIBEYE competes with the GTP-binding protein Arf1 for binding to ArfGAP3. Thus, binding of RIBEYE(B) to ArfGAP3 could prevent inactivation of Arf1 by ArfGAP3 and provides the synaptic ribbon with the possibility to control Arf1 function. The interaction is relevant for endocytic vesicle trafficking because overexpression of ArfGAP3 in photoreceptors strongly inhibited endocytotic uptake of FM1-43.
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9
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Abascal-Palacios G, Schindler C, Rojas AL, Bonifacino JS, Hierro A. Structural basis for the interaction of the Golgi-Associated Retrograde Protein Complex with the t-SNARE Syntaxin 6. Structure 2013; 21:1698-706. [PMID: 23932592 PMCID: PMC4788097 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi-Associated Retrograde Protein (GARP) complex is a tethering factor involved in the fusion of endosome-derived transport vesicles to the trans-Golgi network through interaction with components of the Syntaxin 6/Syntaxin 16/Vti1a/VAMP4 SNARE complex. The mechanisms by which GARP and other tethering factors engage the SNARE fusion machinery are poorly understood. Herein, we report the structural basis for the interaction of the human Ang2 subunit of GARP with the Syntaxin 6 and the closely related Syntaxin 10. The crystal structure of the Syntaxin 6 Habc domain in complex with a peptide from the N terminus of Ang2 shows a binding mode in which a dityrosine motif of Ang2 interacts with a highly conserved groove in Syntaxin 6. Structure-based mutational analyses validate the crystal structure and support the phylogenetic conservation of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Schindler
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adriana L Rojas
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Aitor Hierro: ; phone: +34-946-572-522; fax: +34-946-572-502. Juan S. Bonifacino: ; phone: +1-301-496-6368; fax: +1-301-402-0078
| | - Aitor Hierro
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Aitor Hierro: ; phone: +34-946-572-522; fax: +34-946-572-502. Juan S. Bonifacino: ; phone: +1-301-496-6368; fax: +1-301-402-0078
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10
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Abstract
The secretory pathway is responsible for the synthesis, folding, and delivery of a diverse array of cellular proteins. Secretory protein synthesis begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is charged with the tasks of correctly integrating nascent proteins and ensuring correct post-translational modification and folding. Once ready for forward traffic, proteins are captured into ER-derived transport vesicles that form through the action of the COPII coat. COPII-coated vesicles are delivered to the early Golgi via distinct tethering and fusion machineries. Escaped ER residents and other cycling transport machinery components are returned to the ER via COPI-coated vesicles, which undergo similar tethering and fusion reactions. Ultimately, organelle structure, function, and cell homeostasis are maintained by modulating protein and lipid flux through the early secretory pathway. In the last decade, structural and mechanistic studies have added greatly to the strong foundation of yeast genetics on which this field was built. Here we discuss the key players that mediate secretory protein biogenesis and trafficking, highlighting recent advances that have deepened our understanding of the complexity of this conserved and essential process.
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11
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Spang A. Retrograde traffic from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/6/a013391. [PMID: 23732476 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins to be secreted are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. The transport of these proteins requires the localization and activity of proteins that create ER exit sites, coat proteins to collect cargo and to reshape the membrane into a transport container, and address labels--SNARE proteins--to target the vesicles specifically to the Golgi apparatus. In addition some proteins may need export chaperones or export receptors to enable their exit into transport vesicles. ER export factors, SNAREs, and misfolded Golgi-resident proteins must all be retrieved from the Golgi to the ER again. This retrieval is also part of the organellar homeostasis pathway essential to maintaining the identity of the ER and of the Golgi apparatus. In this review, I will discuss the different processes in retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER and highlight the mechanistic insights we have obtained in the last couple of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Spang
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Growth & Development, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Zendeh-boodi Z, Yamamoto T, Sakane H, Tanaka K. Identification of a second amphipathic lipid-packing sensor-like motif that contributes to Gcs1p function in the early endosome-to-TGN pathway. J Biochem 2013; 153:573-87. [PMID: 23564908 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ArfGAPs, GTPase-activating proteins for Arf small GTPases, are involved in multiple steps of vesicle formation of various transport pathways. Amphipathic lipid-packing sensor (ALPS) motif was first identified in the C-terminal regions of ArfGAP1 and its yeast homologue Gcs1p as a region that adsorbs preferentially onto highly curved membranes by folding into an amphipathic α-helix (AH). We previously showed that Gcs1p functionally interacted with the phospholipid flippase Cdc50p-Drs2p in the early endosome-to-TGN retrieval pathway. In this study, we performed functional analyses of the C-terminal region of Gcs1p containing ALPS. Hydrophobic cluster analysis suggested that there is another potential AH-forming region downstream of ALPS in Gcs1p. Mutational analysis suggested that the ALPS motif is important for the Gcs1p function in the Golgi-to-ER retrograde pathway, whereas ALPS and the predicted AH region redundantly function in the post-Golgi pathways including the early endosome-to-TGN pathway. Liposome flotation assay indicated that this downstream region preferentially interacted with liposomes of smaller size. The region containing the ALPS motif was also required for the interaction with SNARE proteins including Snc1p and Tlg1p. These results suggest that ALPS and the predicted AH region are involved in the regulation and function of Gcs1p by interacting with membrane phospholipids and vesicle proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zendeh-boodi
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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13
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Abstract
The protein composition of the Golgi is intimately linked to its structure and function. As the Golgi serves as the major protein-sorting hub for the secretory pathway, it faces the unique challenge of maintaining its protein composition in the face of constant influx and efflux of transient cargo proteins. Much of our understanding of how proteins are retained in the Golgi has come from studies on glycosylation enzymes, largely because of the compartment-specific distributions these proteins display. From these and other studies of Golgi membrane proteins, we now understand that a variety of retention mechanisms are employed, the majority of which involve the dynamic process of iterative rounds of retrograde and anterograde transport. Such mechanisms rely on protein conformation and amino acid-based sorting signals as well as on properties of transmembrane domains and their relationship with the unique lipid composition of the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Banfield
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR of China.
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14
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Lorente-Rodríguez A, Barlowe C. Requirement for Golgi-localized PI(4)P in fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi compartments. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 22:216-29. [PMID: 21119004 PMCID: PMC3020917 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of specific membrane lipids in ER-Golgi transport is unclear. Using cell-free assays that measure stages in ER-Golgi transport, a variety of enzyme inhibitors, lipid-modifying enzymes, and lipid ligands were screened. The results indicate that PI(4)P is required for SNARE-dependent fusion of COPII vesicles with the Golgi complex. The role of specific membrane lipids in transport between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments is poorly understood. Using cell-free assays that measure stages in ER-to-Golgi transport, we screened a variety of enzyme inhibitors, lipid-modifying enzymes, and lipid ligands to investigate requirements in yeast. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of human Fapp1, which binds phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) specifically, was a strong and specific inhibitor of anterograde transport. Analysis of wild type and mutant PH domain proteins in addition to recombinant versions of the Sac1p phosphoinositide-phosphatase indicated that PI(4)P was required on Golgi membranes for fusion with coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. PI(4)P inhibition did not prevent vesicle tethering but significantly reduced formation of soluble n-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein receptor (SNARE) complexes between vesicle and Golgi SNARE proteins. Moreover, semi-intact cell membranes containing elevated levels of the ER-Golgi SNARE proteins and Sly1p were less sensitive to PI(4)P inhibitors. Finally, in vivo analyses of a pik1 mutant strain showed that inhibition of PI(4)P synthesis blocked anterograde transport from the ER to early Golgi compartments. Together, the data presented here indicate that PI(4)P is required for the SNARE-dependent fusion stage of COPII vesicles with the Golgi complex.
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Conserved molecular mechanisms underlying homeostasis of the Golgi complex. Int J Cell Biol 2010; 2010:758230. [PMID: 20976261 PMCID: PMC2952910 DOI: 10.1155/2010/758230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex performs a central function in the secretory pathway in the sorting and sequential processing of a large number of proteins destined for other endomembrane organelles, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell, in addition to lipid metabolism and signaling. The Golgi apparatus can be regarded as a self-organizing system that maintains a relatively stable morphofunctional organization in the face of an enormous flux of lipids and proteins. A large number of the molecular players that operate in these processes have been identified, their functions and interactions defined, but there is still debate about many aspects that regulate protein trafficking and, in particular, the maintenance of these highly dynamic structures and processes. Here, we consider how an evolutionarily conserved underlying mechanism based on retrograde trafficking that uses lipids, COPI, SNAREs, and tethers could maintain such a homeodynamic system.
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Lettner T, Zeidler U, Gimona M, Hauser M, Breitenbach M, Bito A. Candida albicans AGE3, the ortholog of the S. cerevisiae ARF-GAP-encoding gene GCS1, is required for hyphal growth and drug resistance. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11993. [PMID: 20700541 PMCID: PMC2916835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyphal growth and multidrug resistance of C. albicans are important features for virulence and antifungal therapy of this pathogenic fungus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show by phenotypic complementation analysis that the C. albicans gene AGE3 is the functional ortholog of the yeast ARF-GAP-encoding gene GCS1. The finding that the gene is required for efficient endocytosis points to an important functional role of Age3p in endosomal compartments. Most C. albicans age3Delta mutant cells which grew as cell clusters under yeast growth conditions showed defects in filamentation under different hyphal growth conditions and were almost completely disabled for invasive filamentous growth. Under hyphal growth conditions only a fraction of age3Delta cells shows a wild-type-like polarization pattern of the actin cytoskeleton and lipid rafts. Moreover, age3Delta cells were highly susceptible to several unrelated toxic compounds including antifungal azole drugs. Irrespective of the AGE3 genotype, C-terminal fusions of GFP to the drug efflux pumps Cdr1p and Mdr1p were predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Moreover, the plasma membranes of wild-type and age3Delta mutant cells contained similar amounts of Cdr1p, Cdr2p and Mdr1p. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that the defect in sustaining filament elongation is probably caused by the failure of age3Delta cells to polarize the actin cytoskeleton and possibly of inefficient endocytosis. The high susceptibility of age3Delta cells to azoles is not caused by inefficient transport of efflux pumps to the cell membrane. A possible role of a vacuolar defect of age3Delta cells in drug susceptibility is proposed and discussed. In conclusion, our study shows that the ARF-GAP Age3p is required for hyphal growth which is an important virulence factor of C. albicans and essential for detoxification of azole drugs which are routinely used for antifungal therapy. Thus, it represents a promising antifungal drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lettner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ute Zeidler
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Mario Gimona
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Arnold Bito
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Spang A, Shiba Y, Randazzo PA. Arf GAPs: gatekeepers of vesicle generation. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2646-51. [PMID: 20394747 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arf GAP proteins are a versatile and diverse group of proteins. They control the activity of the GTP-binding proteins of the ARF family by inducing the hydrolysis of GTP that is bound to Arf proteins. The best-studied role of Arf GAPs is in intracellular traffic. In this review, we will focus mainly on the Arf GAPs that play a role in vesicle formation, Arf GAP1, Arf GAP2 and Arf GAP3 and their yeast homologues, Gcs1p and Glo3p. We discuss the roles of Arf GAPs as regulators and effectors for Arf GTP-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Spang
- University of Basel, Growth and Development, Biozentrum, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Vesicle SNAREs (v-SNAREs) are included with high fidelity into each transport vesicle generated in the cell. These SNAREs determine the fate of vesicles, as they are the key factors deciding with which compartment a particular vesicle will fuse. The mechanism of high fidelity inclusion of SNAREs into transport vesicles is very difficult to study in vivo. Therefore, we use in vitro assays aiming to recapitulate SNARE uptake into vesicles. One of the key assays is a pull-down with SNARE tails fused to GST in the presence or absence of ArfGAPs and coat components such as the small GTPase Arf1 and coatomer. This in vitro assay allowed us to show that the ArfGAPs Glo3 and Gcs1 can induce a conformational change in SNAREs. Protease protection assays were used to confirm the conformational change and can also be used to address the question about the nature of the different conformations in SNARE proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodriguez
- Biozentrum, Growth and Development, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pietro ES, Capestrano M, Polishchuk EV, DiPentima A, Trucco A, Zizza P, Mariggiò S, Pulvirenti T, Sallese M, Tete S, Mironov AA, Leslie CC, Corda D, Luini A, Polishchuk RS. Group IV phospholipase A(2)alpha controls the formation of inter-cisternal continuities involved in intra-Golgi transport. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000194. [PMID: 19753100 PMCID: PMC2732982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of intra-Golgi trafficking and the nature of the transport intermediates involved (e.g., vesicles, tubules, or tubular continuities) remain incompletely understood. It was recently shown that successive cisternae in the Golgi stack are interconnected by membrane tubules that form during the arrival of transport carriers from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we examine the mechanisms of generation and the function of these tubules. In principle, tubule formation might depend on several protein- and/or lipid-based mechanisms. Among the latter, we have studied the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-mediated generation of wedge-shaped lysolipids, with the resulting local positive membrane curvature. We show that the arrival of cargo at the Golgi complex induces the recruitment of Group IVA Ca(2+)-dependent, cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)alpha) onto the Golgi complex itself, and that this cPLA(2)alpha is required for the formation of the traffic-dependent intercisternal tubules and for intra-Golgi transport. In contrast, silencing of cPLA(2)alpha has no inhibitory effects on peri-Golgi vesicles. These findings identify cPLA(2)alpha as the first component of the machinery that is responsible for the formation of intercisternal tubular continuities and support a role for these continuities in transport through the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica San Pietro
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Elena V. Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio DiPentima
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alvar Trucco
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Teodoro Pulvirenti
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tete
- Department of Oral Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alexander A. Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christina C. Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniela Corda
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AL); (RSP)
| | - Roman S. Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (AL); (RSP)
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Schindler C, Rodriguez F, Poon PP, Singer RA, Johnston GC, Spang A. The GAP domain and the SNARE, coatomer and cargo interaction region of the ArfGAP2/3 Glo3 are sufficient for Glo3 function. Traffic 2009; 10:1362-75. [PMID: 19602196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ArfGAP Glo3 is required for coat protein I vesicle generation in the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) shuttle. The best-understood role of Glo3 is the stimulation of the GTPase activity of Arf1. In this study, we characterized functional domains of the ArfGAP Glo3 and identified an interaction interface for coatomer, SNAREs and cargo in the central region of Glo3 (BoCCS region). The GAP domain together with the BoCCS region is necessary and sufficient for all vital Glo3 functions. Expression of a truncated Glo3 lacking the GAP domain results in a dominant negative growth phenotype in glo3Delta cells at 37 degrees C. This phenotype was alleviated by mutating either the BoCCS region or the Glo3 regulatory motif (GRM), or by overexpression of ER-Golgi SNAREs or the ArfGAP Gcs1. The GRM is not essential for Glo3 function; it may act as an intrinsic sensor coupling GAP activity to SNARE binding to avoid dead-end complex formation at the Golgi membrane. Our data suggest that membrane-interaction modules and cargo-sensing regions have evolved independently in ArfGAP1s versus ArfGAP2/3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schindler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McNew
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS-140, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
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