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Kalous J, Aleshkina D. Multiple Roles of PLK1 in Mitosis and Meiosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010187. [PMID: 36611980 PMCID: PMC9818836 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are equipped with a diverse network of signaling and regulatory proteins that function as cell cycle regulators and checkpoint proteins to ensure the proper progression of cell division. A key regulator of cell division is polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family that plays an important role in regulating the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. The phosphorylation of specific substrates mediated by PLK1 controls nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), centrosome maturation, proper spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. In mammalian oogenesis, PLK1 is essential for resuming meiosis before ovulation and for establishing the meiotic spindle. Among other potential roles, PLK1 regulates the localized translation of spindle-enriched mRNAs by phosphorylating and thereby inhibiting the translational repressor 4E-BP1, a downstream target of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. In this review, we summarize the functions of PLK1 in mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis and focus on the role of PLK1 in regulating mRNA translation. However, knowledge of the role of PLK1 in the regulation of meiosis remains limited.
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Cyclin B3 implements timely vertebrate oocyte arrest for fertilization. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2305-2320.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhou Q, Cheng X, Kong B, Zhao Y, Li Z, Sang Y, Wu J, Zhang P. Heat shock-induced failure of meiosis I to meiosis II transition leads to 2n pollen formation in a woody plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2110-2127. [PMID: 35567496 PMCID: PMC9342974 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of diploid gametes through chromosome doubling is a major mechanism of polyploidization, diversification, and speciation in plants. Unfavorable climate conditions can induce or stimulate the production of diploid gametes during meiosis. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock stress (38°C for 3 or 6 h) induced 2n pollen formation, and we generated 42 triploids derived from heat shock-induced 2n pollen of Populus canescens. Meiotic analysis of treated pollen mother cells revealed that induced 2n pollen originated from the complete loss of meiosis II (MII). Among the 42 triploids, 38 triploids derived from second division restitution (SDR)-type 2n pollen and 4 triploids derived from first division restitution-type 2n pollen were verified using simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Twenty-two differentially expressed genes related to the cell cycle were identified and characterized by expression profile analysis. Among them was POPTR_0002s08020g (PtCYCA1;2), which encodes a type A Cyclin CYCA1;2 that is required for the meiosis I (MI) to MII transition. After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock, a significant reduction was detected in PtCYCA1;2 expression. We inferred that the failure of MI-to-MII transitions might be associated with downregulated expression of PtCYCA1;2, leading to the formation of SDR-type 2n pollen. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms of heat shock-induced 2n pollen formation in a woody plant and verify that sensitivity to environmental stress has evolutionary importance in terms of polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuetong Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Sang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
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Ni J, Deng B, Zhu M, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang T, Liu Y, Li G, Ding Y, Jin G. Integration of GWAS and eQTL Analysis to Identify Risk Loci and Susceptibility Genes for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:679. [PMID: 32754194 PMCID: PMC7366424 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several susceptibility loci for gastric cancer (GC), but the majority of identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fall within the non-coding region and are likely to exert their biological function by modulating gene expression. To systematically estimate expression-associated SNPs (eSNPs) that confer genetic predisposition to GC, we evaluated the associations of 314,203 stomach tissue-specific eSNPs with GC risk in three GWAS datasets (2,631 cases and 4,373 controls). Subsequently, we conducted a gene-based analysis to calculate the cumulative effect of eSNPs through sequence kernel association combined test and Sherlock integrative analysis. At the SNP-level, we identified two novel variants (rs836545 at 7p22.1 and rs1892252 at 6p22.2) associated with GC risk. The risk allele carriers of rs836545-T and rs1892252-G exhibited higher expression levels of DAGLB (P = 3.70 × 10–18) and BTN3A2 (P = 3.20 × 10–5), respectively. Gene-based analyses identified DAGLB and FBXO43 as novel susceptibility genes for GC. DAGLB and FBXO43 were significantly overexpressed in GC tissues than in their adjacent tissues (P = 5.59 × 10–7 and P = 3.90 × 10–6, respectively), and high expression level of these two genes was associated with an unfavorable prognosis of GC patients (P = 1.30 × 10–7 and P = 7.60 × 10–3, respectively). Co-expression genes with these two novel genes in normal stomach tissues were significantly enriched in several cancer-related pathways, including P53, MAPK and TGF-beta pathways. In summary, our findings confirm the importance of eSNPs in dissecting the genetic basis of GC, and the identified eSNPs and relevant genes will provide new insight into the genetic and biological basis for the mechanism of GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Functional genetic variants in centrosome-related genes CEP72 and YWHAG confer susceptibility to gastric cancer. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2861-2872. [PMID: 32535685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural and numeric centrosome aberrations can induce chromosome segregation errors and promote tumor development and progression. We systematically evaluated associations of 19,603 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 136 centrosome-related genes with gastric cancer (GC) risk using four GWAS datasets with a total of 3771 cases and 5426 controls. We identified two loci at 15p13.3 and 7q11.23 significantly associated with GC risk, whose risk alleles were correlated with increased mRNA expression of CEP72 (P = 7.30 × 10-4) and YWHAG (P = 1.60 × 10-3), respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the risk T allele of rs924607 at 15p13.3 significantly increased a promoter activity of the reporter gene, leading to a higher CEP72 expression level. At 7q11.23, the risk haplotype of rs2961037 [G]-rs2961038 [G] significantly elevated an enhancer activity and the expression of YWHAG. Both the mRNA and protein levels of CEP72 and YWHAG were overexpressed in GC tumor tissues compared with peritumor tissues and overexpression of either gene showed an unfavorable prognosis of GC patients. Moreover, knockdown of either CEP72 or YWHAG inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted GC cell apoptosis. The genes coexpressed with CEP72 or YWHAG in GC tumor tissues were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, which was confirmed that knockdown of either one decreased the expression of cyclin D1 but increased the expression of p21 and p27. In conclusion, genetic variants at 15p13.3 and 7q11.23 may confer GC risk via modulating the biological functions of CEP72 and YWHAG, respectively, suggesting the importance of centrosome-regulated genes in GC development.
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Zhang M, ShiYang X, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Chen Y, Cui Z, Xiong B. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates the quality of postovulatory aged oocytes by suppressing DNA damage and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:84-94. [PMID: 31398498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Postovulatory aging is known to compromise the oocyte quality as well as subsequent embryo development in many different animal models, and becomes one of the most intractable issues that limit the outcome of human assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the strategies to prevent the deterioration of aged oocytes and relevant mechanisms are still underexplored. Here, we find that supplementation of CoQ10, a natural antioxidant present in human follicular fluids, is able to restore the postovulatory aging-induced fragmentation of oocytes and decline of fertilization. Importantly, we show that CoQ10 supplementation recovers postovulatory aging-caused meiotic defects such as disruption of spindle assembly, misalignment of chromosome, disappearance of actin cap, and abnormal distribution patterns of mitochondria and cortical granules. In addition, CoQ10 protects aged oocytes from premature exocytosis of ovastacin, cleavage of sperm binding site ZP2, and loss of localization of Juno, to maintain the fertilization potential. Notably, CoQ10 suppresses the aging-induced oxidative stress by reducing the levels of superoxide and DNA damage, ultimately inhibiting the apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CoQ10 supplementation is a feasible and effective way to prevent postovulatory aging and preserve the oocyte quality, potentially contributing to improve the successful rate of IVF (in vitro fertilization) and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) during human ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiayan ShiYang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ma Y, Xie N, Xie D, Sun L, Li S, Li P, Li Y, Li J, Dong Z, Xie X. A novel homozygous FBXO43 mutation associated with male infertility and teratozoospermia in a consanguineous Chinese family. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:909-917.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Gheldof A, Mackay DJG, Cheong Y, Verpoest W. Genetic diagnosis of subfertility: the impact of meiosis and maternal effects. J Med Genet 2019; 56:271-282. [PMID: 30728173 PMCID: PMC6581078 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During reproductive age, approximately one in seven couples are confronted with fertility problems. While the aetiology is diverse, including infections, metabolic diseases, hormonal imbalances and iatrogenic effects, it is becoming increasingly clear that genetic factors have a significant contribution. Due to the complex nature of infertility that often hints at a multifactorial cause, the search for potentially causal gene mutations in idiopathic infertile couples has remained difficult. Idiopathic infertility patients with a suspicion of an underlying genetic cause can be expected to have mutations in genes that do not readily affect general health but are only essential in certain processes connected to fertility. In this review, we specifically focus on genes involved in meiosis and maternal-effect processes, which are of critical importance for reproduction and initial embryonic development. We give an overview of genes that have already been linked to infertility in human, as well as good candidates which have been described in other organisms. Finally, we propose a phenotypic range in which we expect an optimal diagnostic yield of a meiotic/maternal-effect gene panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gheldof
- Center for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Reproduction and Genetics Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ying Cheong
- Complete Fertility, Human Development of Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Willem Verpoest
- Reproduction and Genetics Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Sharma A, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Pandey AN, Yadav PK, Chaube SK. Journey of oocyte from metaphase-I to metaphase-II stage in mammals. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5530-5536. [PMID: 29331044 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, journey from metaphase-I (M-I) to metaphase-II (M-II) is important since oocyte extrude first polar body (PB-I) and gets converted into haploid gamete. The molecular and cellular changes associated with meiotic cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage and extrusion of PB-I remain ill understood. Several factors drive oocyte meiosis from M-I to M-II stage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase3/1 (MAPK3/1), signal molecules and Rho family GTPases act through various pathways to drive cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage. The down regulation of MOS/MEK/MAPK3/1 pathway results in the activation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The active APC/C destabilizes maturation promoting factor (MPF) and induces meiotic resumption. Several signal molecules such as, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), SENP3, mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKlp2), regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS2), Epsin2, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) are directly or indirectly involved in chromosomal segregation. Rho family GTPase is another enzyme that along with cell division cycle (Cdc42) to form actomyosin contractile ring required for chromosomal segregation. In the presence of origin recognition complex (ORC4), eccentrically localized haploid set of chromosomes trigger cortex differentiation and determine the division site for polar body formation. The actomyosin contractile activity at the site of division plane helps to form cytokinetic furrow that results in the formation and extrusion of PB-I. Indeed, oocyte journey from M-I to M-II stage is coordinated by several factors and pathways that enable oocyte to extrude PB-I. Quality of oocyte directly impact fertilization rate, early embryonic development, and reproductive outcome in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Gopinathan L, Szmyd R, Low D, Diril MK, Chang HY, Coppola V, Liu K, Tessarollo L, Guccione E, van Pelt AMM, Kaldis P. Emi2 Is Essential for Mouse Spermatogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:697-708. [PMID: 28723571 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The meiotic functions of Emi2, an inhibitor of the APC/C complex, have been best characterized in oocytes where it mediates metaphase II arrest as a component of the cytostatic factor. We generated knockout mice to determine the in vivo functions of Emi2-in particular, its functions in the testis, where Emi2 is expressed at high levels. Male and female Emi2 knockout mice are viable but sterile, indicating that Emi2 is essential for meiosis but dispensable for embryonic development and mitotic cell divisions. We found that, besides regulating cell-cycle arrest in mouse eggs, Emi2 is essential for meiosis I progression in spermatocytes. In the absence of Emi2, spermatocytes arrest in early diplotene of prophase I. This arrest is associated with decreased Cdk1 activity and was partially rescued by a knockin mouse model of elevated Cdk1 activity. Additionally, we detected expression of Emi2 in spermatids and sperm, suggesting potential post-meiotic functions for Emi2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Gopinathan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Szmyd
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Diana Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - M Kasim Diril
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Heng-Yu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore.
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11
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Wu C, Xu B, Li X, Ma W, Zhang P, Chen X, Wu J. Tracing and Characterizing the Development of Transplanted Female Germline Stem Cells In Vivo. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1408-1419. [PMID: 28528817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been believed that most female mammalian species lose the ability to generate oocytes in postnatal ovaries. Recent evidence has demonstrated the isolation and culture of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) from adult mice and humans. However, the process and mechanisms of FGSC differentiation in vivo following transplantation have not yet been studied. Here, we isolated and characterized FGSCs from a single EGFP-transgenic mouse, and traced the development and behavior of transplanted FGSCs (F-TFs) in vivo. Comparisons of folliculogenesis between recipients with FGSC transplantation and wild-type (WT) mice were performed by single follicle RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Results showed that FGSCs exhibited a homing ability and began to differentiate into early-stage oocytes only when they reached the edge of the ovarian cortex. The F-TFs restored function of premature ovarian failure (gdf9iCre; PtenloxP/loxP genotype) and generated offspring. Furthermore, results demonstrated that the developmental mechanisms of follicles derived from F-TFs were similar to that of WT follicles. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified two potential sub-networks and core genes that played a critical role in follicular development. These findings provide a theoretical basis and lay a technology platform for specific or personalized medical treatment of ovarian failure or other ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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12
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Cifuentes M, Jolivet S, Cromer L, Harashima H, Bulankova P, Renne C, Crismani W, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Schnittger A, Riha K, Mercier R. TDM1 Regulation Determines the Number of Meiotic Divisions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005856. [PMID: 26871453 PMCID: PMC4752240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control must be modified at meiosis to allow two divisions to follow a single round of DNA replication, resulting in ploidy reduction. The mechanisms that ensure meiosis termination at the end of the second and not at the end of first division are poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana TDM1, which has been previously shown to be essential for meiotic termination, interacts directly with the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Further, mutations in TDM1 in a conserved putative Cyclin-Dependant Kinase (CDK) phosphorylation site (T16-P17) dominantly provoked premature meiosis termination after the first division, and the production of diploid spores and gametes. The CDKA;1-CYCA1.2/TAM complex, which is required to prevent premature meiotic exit, phosphorylated TDM1 at T16 in vitro. Finally, while CYCA1;2/TAM was previously shown to be expressed only at meiosis I, TDM1 is present throughout meiosis. These data, together with epistasis analysis, lead us to propose that TDM1 is an APC/C component whose function is to ensure meiosis termination at the end of meiosis II, and whose activity is inhibited at meiosis I by CDKA;1-TAM-mediated phosphorylation to prevent premature meiotic exit. This provides a molecular mechanism for the differential decision of performing an additional round of division, or not, at the end of meiosis I and II, respectively. Meiosis is a fundamental process for sexually reproducing organisms that creates genetic diversity within populations. A key feature of meiosis is the reduction of the number of chromosomes, from two sets to one set, prior to fertilization. This reduction in chromosome number is due to two cell divisions following a single round of DNA replication. In this study, we analysed the mechanism which controls the number of cell divisions, ensuring that meiotic termination occurs after the second meiotic division, and not at the end of the first division. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to show that the gene TDM1 has a central role in regulating meiotic cell divisions. The integrity of the gene affects whether one, two or three meiotic divisions will occur. We further explain the relationship between TDM1 and its regulator the cyclin TAM, and how they work together to produce reproductive cells with a reduced number of chromosomes. This tightly controlled mechanism ensures the transmission of the correct number of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Petra Bulankova
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Renne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karel Riha
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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13
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Malhotra S, Vinod PK, Mansfeld J, Stemmann O, Mayer TU. RETRACTED: The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Is Essential for Entry into Meiotic M-Phase. Dev Cell 2016; 36:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction requires a myriad of precisely orchestrated events-in particular, the maternal production of oocytes, the paternal production of sperm, successful fertilization, and initiation of early embryonic cell divisions. These processes are governed by a host of signaling pathways. Protein kinase and phosphatase signaling pathways involving Mos, CDK1, RSK, and PP2A regulate meiosis during maturation of the oocyte. Steroid signals-specifically testosterone-regulate spermatogenesis, as does signaling by G-protein-coupled hormone receptors. Finally, calcium signaling is essential for both sperm motility and fertilization. Altogether, this signaling symphony ensures the production of viable offspring, offering a chance of genetic immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kornbluth
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rafael Fissore
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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15
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Mercier R, Mézard C, Jenczewski E, Macaisne N, Grelon M. The molecular biology of meiosis in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:297-327. [PMID: 25494464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mercier
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; , , , ,
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16
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Sato KI. Transmembrane signal transduction in oocyte maturation and fertilization: focusing on Xenopus laevis as a model animal. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:114-34. [PMID: 25546390 PMCID: PMC4307238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is a cell biological phenomenon of crucial importance for the birth of new life in a variety of multicellular and sexual reproduction species such as algae, animal and plants. Fertilization involves a sequence of events, in which the female gamete "egg" and the male gamete "spermatozoon (sperm)" develop, acquire their functions, meet and fuse with each other, to initiate embryonic and zygotic development. Here, it will be briefly reviewed how oocyte cytoplasmic components are orchestrated to undergo hormone-induced oocyte maturation and sperm-induced activation of development. I then review how sperm-egg membrane interaction/fusion and activation of development in the fertilized egg are accomplished and regulated through egg coat- or egg plasma membrane-associated components, highlighting recent findings and future directions in the studies using Xenopus laevis as a model experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Development, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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17
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Liu W, Yin J, Zhao G, Yun Y, Wu S, Jones K, Lei A. Differential regulation of cyclin B1 degradation between the first and second meiotic divisions of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1171-81.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Cromer L, Heyman J, Touati S, Harashima H, Araou E, Girard C, Horlow C, Wassmann K, Schnittger A, De Veylder L, Mercier R. OSD1 promotes meiotic progression via APC/C inhibition and forms a regulatory network with TDM and CYCA1;2/TAM. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002865. [PMID: 22844260 PMCID: PMC3406007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is modified at meiosis compared to mitosis, because two divisions follow a single DNA replication event. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) promote progression through both meiosis and mitosis, and a central regulator of their activity is the APC/C (Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome) that is especially required for exit from mitosis. We have shown previously that OSD1 is involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the molecular mechanism by which OSD1 controls these transitions has remained unclear. Here we show that OSD1 promotes meiotic progression through APC/C inhibition. Next, we explored the functional relationships between OSD1 and the genes known to control meiotic cell cycle transitions in Arabidopsis. Like osd1, cyca1;2/tam mutation leads to a premature exit from meiosis after the first division, while tdm mutants perform an aberrant third meiotic division after normal meiosis I and II. Remarkably, while tdm is epistatic to tam, osd1 is epistatic to tdm. We further show that the expression of a non-destructible CYCA1;2/TAM provokes, like tdm, the entry into a third meiotic division. Finally, we show that CYCA1;2/TAM forms an active complex with CDKA;1 that can phosphorylate OSD1 in vitro. We thus propose that a functional network composed of OSD1, CYCA1;2/TAM, and TDM controls three key steps of meiotic progression, in which OSD1 is a meiotic APC/C inhibitor. In the life cycle of sexual organisms, a specialized cell division—meiosis—reduces the number of chromosomes from two sets (2n, diploid) to one set (n, haploid), while fertilization restores the original chromosome number. Meiosis reduces ploidy because it consists of two cellular divisions following a single DNA replication. In this study, we analyze the function of a group of genes that collectively controls the entry into the first meiotic division, the entry into the second meiotic division, and the exit from meiosis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We revealed a complex regulation network that controls these three key transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cromer
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Touati
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Araou
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Chloe Girard
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Horlow
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Raphael Mercier
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Pfeuty B, Bodart JF, Blossey R, Lefranc M. A dynamical model of oocyte maturation unveils precisely orchestrated meiotic decisions. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002329. [PMID: 22238511 PMCID: PMC3252271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation of vertebrate oocytes into haploid gametes relies on two consecutive meioses without intervening DNA replication. The temporal sequence of cellular transitions driving eggs from G2 arrest to meiosis I (MI) and then to meiosis II (MII) is controlled by the interplay between cyclin-dependent and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In this paper, we propose a dynamical model of the molecular network that orchestrates maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Our model reproduces the core features of maturation progression, including the characteristic non-monotonous time course of cyclin-Cdks, and unveils the network design principles underlying a precise sequence of meiotic decisions, as captured by bifurcation and sensitivity analyses. Firstly, a coherent and sharp meiotic resumption is triggered by the concerted action of positive feedback loops post-translationally activating cyclin-Cdks. Secondly, meiotic transition is driven by the dynamic antagonism between positive and negative feedback loops controlling cyclin turnover. Our findings reveal a highly modular network in which the coordination of distinct regulatory schemes ensures both reliable and flexible cell-cycle decisions. In the life cycle of sexual organisms, a specialized cell division -meiosis- reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes or spores while fertilization or mating restores the original number. The essential feature that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis (the usual division) is the succession of two rounds of division following a single DNA replication, as well as the arrest at the second division in the case of oocyte maturation. The fact that meiosis and mitosis are similar but different raises several interesting questions: What is the meiosis-specific dynamics of cell-cycle regulators? Are there mechanisms which guarantee the occurence of two and only two rounds of division despite the presence of intrinsic and extrinsic noises ? The study of a model of the molecular network that underlies the meiotic maturation process in Xenopus oocytes provides unexpected answers to these questions. On the one hand, the modular organization of this network ensures separate controls of the first and second divisions. On the other hand, regulatory synergies ensure that these two stages are precisely and reliably sequenced during meiosis. We conclude that cells have evolved a sophisticated regulatory network to achieve a robust, albeit flexible, meiotic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pfeuty
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, et Molécules, CNRS, UMR8523, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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20
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Chebotareva T, Taylor J, Mullins JJ, Wilmut I. Rat eggs cannot wait: Spontaneous exit from meiotic metaphase-II arrest. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:795-807. [PMID: 21910153 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian eggs await fertilisation while arrested at the second metaphase stage of meiotic division. A network of signalling pathways enables the establishment and maintenance of this metaphase-II arrest. In the absence of fertilisation, mammalian eggs can spontaneously exit metaphase II when parthenogenetically stimulated, or sometimes without any obvious stimulation. Ovulated rat eggs abortively release from metaphase-II arrest once removed from egg donors. Spontaneously activated rat eggs extrude the second polar body and proceed to the so-called metaphase III-'like' stage, with clumps of condensed chromatin scattered in the egg cytoplasm. It is still unclear what makes rat eggs susceptible to spontaneous activation; however, a vague picture of the signalling pathways involved in the process of spontaneous activation is beginning to emerge. Such cell cycle instability is one of the major reasons why it is more difficult to establish nuclear transfer in the rat. This review examines the known predisposing factors and biochemical mechanisms involved in spontaneous activation. The strategies used to prevent spontaneous metaphase-II release in rat eggs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chebotareva
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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21
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Chang HY, Jennings PC, Stewart J, Verrills NM, Jones KT. Essential role of protein phosphatase 2A in metaphase II arrest and activation of mouse eggs shown by okadaic acid, dominant negative protein phosphatase 2A, and FTY720. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14705-12. [PMID: 21383018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate eggs arrest at second meiotic metaphase. The fertilizing sperm causes meiotic exit through Ca(2+)-mediated activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Although the loss in activity of the M-phase kinase CDK1 is known to be an essential downstream event of this process, the contribution of phosphatases to arrest and meiotic resumption is less apparent, especially in mammals. Therefore, we explored the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in mouse eggs using pharmacological inhibition and activation as well as a functionally dominant-negative catalytic PP2A subunit (dn-PP2Ac-L199P) coupled with live cell imaging. We observed that PP2A inhibition using okadaic acid induced events normally observed at fertilization: degradation of the APC/C substrates cyclin B1 and securin resulting from loss of the APC/C inhibitor Emi2. Although sister chromatids separated, chromatin remained condensed, and polar body extrusion was blocked as a result of a rapid spindle disruption, which could be ameliorated by non-degradable cyclin B1, suggesting that spindle integrity was affected by CDK1 loss. Similar cell cycle effects to okadaic acid were also observed using dominant-negative PP2Ac. Preincubation of eggs with the PP2A activator FTY720 could block many of the actions of okadaic acid, including Emi2, cyclin B1, and securin degradation and sister chromatid separation. Therefore, in conclusion, we used okadaic acid, dn-PP2Ac-L199P, and FTY720 on mouse eggs to demonstrate that PP2A is needed to for both continued metaphase arrest and successful exit from meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yu Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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22
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Dumollard R, Levasseur M, Hebras C, Huitorel P, Carroll M, Chambon JP, McDougall A. Mos limits the number of meiotic divisions in urochordate eggs. Development 2011; 138:885-95. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.057133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mos kinase is a universal mediator of oocyte meiotic maturation and is produced during oogenesis and destroyed after fertilization. The hallmark of maternal meiosis is that two successive M phases (meiosis I and II) drive two rounds of asymmetric cell division (ACD). However, how the egg limits the number of meioses to just two, thereby preventing gross aneuploidy, is poorly characterized. Here, in urochordate eggs, we show that loss of Mos/MAPK activity is necessary to prevent entry into meiosis III. Remarkably, maintaining the Mos/MAPK pathway active after fertilization at near physiological levels induces additional rounds of meiotic M phase (meiosis III, IV and V). During these additional rounds of meiosis, the spindle is positioned asymmetrically resulting in further rounds of ACD. In addition, inhibiting meiotic exit with Mos prevents pronuclear formation, cyclin A accumulation and maintains sperm-triggered Ca2+ oscillations, all of which are hallmarks of the meiotic cell cycle in ascidians. It will be interesting to determine whether Mos availability in mammals can also control the number of meioses as it does in the urochordates. Our results demonstrate the power of urochordate eggs as a model to dissect the egg-to-embryo transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Dumollard
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Mark Levasseur
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Bioscences, The Medical School, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Céline Hebras
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Philippe Huitorel
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Michael Carroll
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chambon
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alex McDougall
- Developmental Biology Unit UMR 7009, UMPC Univ. Paris 06 and Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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23
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Mos in the oocyte: how to use MAPK independently of growth factors and transcription to control meiotic divisions. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2010; 2011:350412. [PMID: 21637374 PMCID: PMC3101788 DOI: 10.1155/2011/350412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In many cell types, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also named extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in response to a variety of extracellular growth factor-receptor interactions and leads to the transcriptional activation of immediate early genes, hereby influencing a number of tissue-specific biological activities, as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In one specific cell type however, the female germ cell, MAPK does not follow this canonical scheme. In oocytes, MAPK is activated independently of growth factors and tyrosine kinase receptors, acts independently of transcriptional regulation, plays a crucial role in controlling meiotic divisions, and is under the control of a peculiar upstream regulator, the kinase Mos. Mos was originally identified as the transforming gene of Moloney murine sarcoma virus and its cellular homologue was the first proto-oncogene to be molecularly cloned. What could be the specific roles of Mos that render it necessary for meiosis? Which unique functions could explain the evolutionary cost to have selected one gene to only serve for few hours in one very specific cell type? This review discusses the original features of MAPK activation by Mos and the roles of this module in oocytes.
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24
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d'Erfurth I, Cromer L, Jolivet S, Girard C, Horlow C, Sun Y, To JPC, Berchowitz LE, Copenhaver GP, Mercier R. The cyclin-A CYCA1;2/TAM is required for the meiosis I to meiosis II transition and cooperates with OSD1 for the prophase to first meiotic division transition. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000989. [PMID: 20585549 PMCID: PMC2887465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis halves the chromosome number because its two divisions follow a single round of DNA replication. This process involves two cell transitions, the transition from prophase to the first meiotic division (meiosis I) and the unique meiosis I to meiosis II transition. We show here that the A-type cyclin CYCA1;2/TAM plays a major role in both transitions in Arabidopsis. A series of tam mutants failed to enter meiosis II and thus produced diploid spores and functional diploid gametes. These diploid gametes had a recombined genotype produced through the single meiosis I division. In addition, by combining the tam-2 mutation with AtSpo11-1 and Atrec8, we obtained plants producing diploid gametes through a mitotic-like division that were genetically identical to their parents. Thus tam alleles displayed phenotypes very similar to that of the previously described osd1 mutant. Combining tam and osd1 mutations leads to a failure in the prophase to meiosis I transition during male meiosis and to the production of tetraploid spores and gametes. This suggests that TAM and OSD1 are involved in the control of both meiotic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle d'Erfurth
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Chloé Girard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Horlow
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Yujin Sun
- Department of Biology and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer P. C. To
- Department of Biology and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Luke E. Berchowitz
- Department of Biology and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
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25
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Tripathi A, Kumar KVP, Chaube SK. Meiotic cell cycle arrest in mammalian oocytes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:592-600. [PMID: 20232297 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic cell cycle in mammalian oocytes is a dynamic process that involves several stop/go channels. The cell cycle arrest in oocyte occurs at various stages such as diplotene, metaphase-I (M-I), metaphase-II (M-II), and so called metaphase-like arrest (M-III). Leutinizing hormone surge induces meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest in follicular microenvironment by overriding several factors responsible for the maintenance of meiotic arrest. The inhibitory factors are synthesized in oocyte or in the associated follicular somatic cells and transferred to the oocyte. The major factors include hypoxanthine, cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate, reactive oxygen species, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C. In the presence of active protein kinases, epidermal-like growth factors are produced that activate mitogen-activated protein kinase in cumulus granulosa cells. The maturation promoting factor, cytostatic factors, and spindle assembly checkpoint proteins are also involved in that maintenance of arrest at various stages of meiotic cell cycle in mammalian oocytes. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of these factors in the maintenance of meiotic cell cycle arrest in mammalian oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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SONG HJ, KANG EJ, KIM MJ, OCK SA, JEON BG, LEE SL, RHO GJ. Influence of Parthenogenetic Activation on Nuclear Maturation of Canine Oocytes. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:887-92. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin SONG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Eun-Ju KANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Min-Jung KIM
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Sun-A. OCK
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | | | - Sung-Lim LEE
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Gyu-Jin RHO
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
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Abstract
The mutation of as few as three genes in a sexual plant transforms meiosis into mitosis and results in diploid gametes that are genetically identical to the mother plant. This phenotype resembles apomeiosis, which is a major step in apomixis. Apomixis, or asexual clonal reproduction through seeds, is of immense interest due to its potential application in agriculture. One key element of apomixis is apomeiosis, a deregulation of meiosis that results in a mitotic-like division. We isolated and characterised a novel gene that is directly involved in controlling entry into the second meiotic division. By combining a mutation in this gene with two others that affect key meiotic processes, we created a genotype called MiMe in which meiosis is totally replaced by mitosis. The obtained plants produce functional diploid gametes that are genetically identical to their mother. The creation of the MiMe genotype and apomeiosis phenotype is an important step towards understanding and engineering apomixis. In the life cycle of sexual organisms, a specialized cell division—meiosis—reduces the number of chromosomes from two sets (2n, diploid) to one set (n, haploid), while fertilization restores the original chromosome number. In contrast, mitosis produces two identical daughter cells. Basically, three features distinguish meiosis from mitosis. Meiosis has: (i) a succession of two rounds of division following a single replication, (ii) recombination, and (iii) co-segregation of sister chromatids at the first division. In this study, we identified a gene that controls one of these three features— entry into the second meiotic division—in the sexual plant Arabidopsis thaliana. By combining a mutation in this gene with two other mutations—one that eliminates recombination and another that modifies chromatid segregation—we created a genotype (called MiMe for mitosis instead of meiosis) in which meiosis is totally replaced by mitosis. As a consequence, MiMe plants produced diploid male and female gametes that are genetically identical to their parent, and ploidy doubles at each generation. The replacement of meiosis by mitosis is a key component of apomixis, or clonal reproduction through seeds, which has potential revolutionary application in crop improvement.
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Wu JQ, Kornbluth S. Across the meiotic divide - CSF activity in the post-Emi2/XErp1 era. J Cell Sci 2009; 121:3509-14. [PMID: 18946022 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.036855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate eggs are arrested at the metaphase stage of meiosis II. Only upon fertilization will the metaphase-II-arrested eggs exit meiosis II and enter interphase. In 1971, Masui and Markert injected egg extracts into a two-cell-stage embryo and found that the injected blastomere arrested at the next mitosis. On the basis of these observations, they proposed the existence of an activity present in the eggs that is responsible for meiosis-II arrest and can induce mitotic arrest, and named this activity cytostatic factor (CSF). Although the existence of CSF was hypothesized more than 35 years ago, its precise identity remained unclear until recently. The discovery of the Mos-MAPK pathway and characterization of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) as a central regulator of M-phase exit provided the framework for a molecular understanding of CSF. These pathways have now been linked by the discovery and characterization of the protein Emi2, a meiotic APC/C inhibitor, the activity and stability of which are controlled by the Mos-MAPK pathway. Continued investigation into the mechanism of action and mode of regulation of Emi2 promises to shed light not only on CSF function, but also on the general principles of APC/C regulation and the control of protein function by MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Qiju Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Holt JE, Jones KT. Control of homologous chromosome division in the mammalian oocyte. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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