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Deans-Fielder K, Wu T, Nguyen T, To S, Huang YZ, Bark SJ, Mills JC, Shroyer NF. Mechanisms driving fasting-induced protection from genotoxic injury in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G504-G524. [PMID: 38349111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DXR) can cause damage to the intestines that can be ameliorated by fasting. How fasting is protective and the optimal timing of fasting and refeeding remain unclear. Here, our analysis of fasting/refeeding-induced global intestinal transcriptional changes revealed metabolic shifts and implicated the cellular energetic hub mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in protecting from DXR-induced DNA damage. Our analysis of specific transcripts and proteins in intestinal tissue and tissue extracts showed that fasting followed by refeeding at the time of DXR administration reduced damage and caused a spike in mTORC1 activity. However, continued fasting after DXR prevented the mTORC1 spike and damage reduction. Surprisingly, the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, did not block fasting/refeeding-induced reduction in DNA damage, suggesting that increased mTORC1 is dispensable for protection against the initial DNA damage response. In Ddit4-/- mice [DDIT4 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4) functions to regulate mTORC1 activity], fasting reduced DNA damage and increased intestinal crypt viability vs. ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice. Fasted/refed Ddit4-/- mice maintained body weight, with increased crypt proliferation by 5 days post-DXR, whereas ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice continued to lose weight and displayed limited crypt proliferation. Genes encoding epithelial stem cell and DNA repair proteins were elevated in DXR-injured, fasted vs. ad libitum Ddit4-/- intestines. Thus, fasting strongly reduced intestinal damage when normal dynamic regulation of mTORC1 was lost. Overall, the results confirm that fasting protects the intestines against DXR and suggests that fasting works by pleiotropic - including both mTORC1-dependent and independent - mechanisms across the temporally dynamic injury response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY New findings are 1) DNA damage reduction following a 24-h fast depends on the timing of postfast refeeding in relation to chemotherapy initiation; 2) fasting/refeeding-induced upregulation of mTORC1 activity is not required for early (6 h) protection against DXR-induced DNA damage; and 3) fasting increases expression of intestinal stem cell and DNA damage repair genes, even when mTORC1 is dysregulated, highlighting fasting's crucial role in regulating mTORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms in the dynamic recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Deans-Fielder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Timothy Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah To
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Steven J Bark
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Zou K, Chen G, Huang L, Yang F, Pan W, Xu H, Xu Z, Chen H, Chen J, Gong S, Zhou X, Xu W, Zhao J. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Triggered Cell Pyroptosis to Aggravate Intestinal Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644862. [PMID: 34093533 PMCID: PMC8170300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome has emerged as a crucial regulator of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The expression of MCT4 is significantly increased in intestinal mucosal tissue of IBD, which has been identified to regulate intestinal barrier function. However, the function of MCT4 in cell pyroptosis remained unknown. In this study, we have established a stable cell line with MCT4 overexpression in HT-29 and CaCO2 cells, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that ectopic expression of MCT4 in CaCO2 cells contributed to cell pyroptosis as evidenced by LDH assay, which is largely attributed to Caspase-1-mediated canonical pyroptosis, but not Caspase-4 and Caspase-5, leading to cleave pro-IL-1β and IL-18 into mature form and release mediated by cleaved GSDMD. Mechanically, MCT4 overexpression in HT-29 and CaCO2 cell triggered the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65, while inhibition of MCT4 by MCT inhibitor α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) in HT-29 and CaCO2 cells led to a significant downregulation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB activity. What’s more, blockade of ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway could reverse the promotion effect of MCT4 on IL-1β expression. Importantly, both MCT4 and Caspase-1, GSDMD were significantly increased in patients with IBD, and a positive clinical correlation between MCT4 and Caspase-1 expression was observed (p < 0.001). Taken together, these findings suggested that MCT4 promoted Caspase-1-mediated canonical cell pyroptosis to aggravate intestinal inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) through the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kejian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Holowatyj AN, Eng C, Wen W, Idrees K, Guo X. Spectrum of Somatic Cancer Gene Variations Among Adults With Appendiceal Cancer by Age at Disease Onset. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2028644. [PMID: 33295976 PMCID: PMC7726634 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The incidence of appendiceal cancer (AC) is rising, particularly among individuals younger than 50 years (early-onset AC), with unexplained etiologies. The unique spectrum of somatic cancer gene variations among patients with early-onset AC is largely undetermined. Objective To characterize the frequency of somatic variations and genomic patterns among patients with early-onset (age <50 years) vs late-onset (age ≥50 years) AC. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included individuals aged 18 years and older diagnosed with pathologically verified AC. Cases with clinical-grade targeted sequencing data from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, were identified from the international clinicogenomic data-sharing consortium American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE). Data analysis was conducted from May to September 2020. Exposures Age at disease onset. Main Outcomes and Measures Somatic variation prevalence and spectrum in AC patients was determined. Variation comparisons between early-onset and late-onset AC were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, histological subtype, sequencing center, and sample type. Results In total 385 individuals (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 56.0 [12.4] years; 187 [48.6%] men; 306 [79.5%] non-Hispanic White individuals) with AC were included in this study, and 109 patients (28.3%) were diagnosed with early-onset AC. Race/ethnicity differed by age at disease onset; non-Hispanic Black individuals accounted for a larger proportion of early-onset vs late-onset cases (9 of 109 [8.3%] vs 11 of 276 [4.0%]; P = 0.04). Compared with patients aged 50 years or older at diagnosis, patients with early-onset AC had significantly higher odds of presenting with nonsilent variations in PIK3CA, SMAD3, and TSC2 (PIK3CA: odds ratio [OR], 4.58; 95% CI, 1.72-12.21; P = .002; SMAD3: OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 1.24-43.87; P = .03; TSC2: OR, 12.43; 95% CI, 1.03-149.59; P = .047). In contrast, patients with early-onset AC had a 60% decreased odds of presenting with GNAS nonsilent variations compared with patients with late-onset AC (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.76, P = .006). By histological subtype, young patients with mucinous adenocarcinomas of the appendix had 65% decreased odds of variations in GNAS compared with late-onset cases in adjusted models (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79; P = .01). Similarly, patients with early-onset nonmucinous appendiceal adenocarcinomas had 72% decreased odds of presenting with GNAS variations vs late-onset cases, although these findings did not reach significance (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.07-1.14; P = .08). GNAS and TP53 variations were mutually exclusive in ACs among early-onset and late-onset cases (P < .05). Conclusions and Relevance In the study, AC diagnosed among younger individuals harbored a distinct genomic landscape compared with AC diagnosed among older individuals. Development of therapeutic modalities that target these unique molecular features may yield clinical implications specifically for younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kamran Idrees
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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4
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Sheak JR, Jones DT, Lantz BJ, Maston LD, Vigil D, Resta TC, Resta MM, Howard TA, Kanagy NL, Guo Y, Jankowska-Gan E, Sullivan JA, Braun RK, Burlingham WJ, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFATc3 regulation of collagen V expression contributes to cellular immunity to collagen type V and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L968-L980. [PMID: 32997513 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) results, in part, from T helper-17 (TH17) cell-mediated perivascular inflammation. However, the antigen(s) involved is unknown. Cellular immunity to collagen type V (col V) develops after ischemia-reperfusion injury during lung transplant and is mediated by naturally occurring (n)TH17 cells. Col5a1 gene codifies for the α1-helix of col V, which is normally hidden from the immune system within type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. COL5A1 promoter analysis revealed nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) binding sites. Therefore, we hypothesized that smooth muscle NFATc3 upregulates col V expression, leading to nTH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity to col V in response to CH, representing an upstream mechanism in PH development. To test our hypothesis, we measured indexes of PH in inducible smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific NFATc3 knockout (KO) mice exposed to either CH (380 mmHg) or normoxia and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. KO mice did not develop PH. In addition, COL5A1 was one of the 1,792 genes differentially affected by both CH and SMC NFATc3 in isolated intrapulmonary arteries, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Cellular immunity to col V was determined using a trans vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay (Tv-DTH). Tv-DTH response was evident only when splenocytes were used from control mice exposed to CH but not from KO mice, and mediated by nTH17 cells. Our results suggest that SMC NFATc3 is important for CH-induced PH in adult mice, in part, by regulating the expression of the lung self-antigen COL5A1 protein contributing to col V-reactive nTH17-mediated inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin J Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Levi D Maston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Danielle Vigil
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Micaela M Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Gan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy A Sullivan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William J Burlingham
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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5
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Britto FA, Dumas K, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Ollendorff V, Favier FB. Is REDD1 a metabolic double agent? Lessons from physiology and pathology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C807-C824. [PMID: 32877205 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00340.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway governs macromolecule synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. Regulated in development and DNA damage response (REDD)1 is a conserved and ubiquitous protein, which is transiently induced in response to multiple stimuli. Acting like an endogenous inhibitor of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, REDD1 protein has been shown to regulate cell growth, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Recent studies also indicate that timely REDD1 expression limits Akt/mTOR-dependent synthesis processes to spare energy during metabolic stresses, avoiding energy collapse and detrimental consequences. In contrast to this beneficial role for metabolic adaptation, REDD1 chronic expression appears involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Indeed, REDD1 expression is found as an early biomarker in many pathologies including inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, depression, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, prolonged REDD1 expression is associated with cell apoptosis, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation activation leading to tissue damage. In this review, we decipher several mechanisms that make REDD1 a likely metabolic double agent depending on its duration of expression in different physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss the role played by REDD1 in the cross talk between the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and the energetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Dumas
- Université Cote d'Azur, INSERM, UMR1065, C3M, Nice, France
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Link-Lenczowski P, Jastrzębska M, Chwalenia K, Pierzchalska M, Leja-Szpak A, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Jaworek J. A switch of N-glycosylation of proteome and secretome during differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118555. [PMID: 31499077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the complex process of epithelial cells differentiation, which repeatedly continues throughout the entire life. Many studies suggest, that cellular differentiation is regulated by glycosylation, or at least that changes of the latter are the hallmark of the process. The detailed description and understanding of this relationship are important in the context of gastrointestinal tract disease, including cancer. Here we employ a broadly used in vitro model of intestinal cell differentiation to track the glycosylation changes in details. We analyzed the glycoproteome- and glycosecretome-derived N-glycomes of undifferentiated Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells and Caco-2-derived enterocyte-like cells. We used HILIC-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS approach together with exoglycosidases digestions to describe qualitative and quantitative N-glycosylation changes upon differentiation. Derived glycan traits analysis revealed, that differentiation results in substantial upregulation of sialylation of glycoproteome and increment of fucosylation within glycosecretome. This was also clearly visible when we analyzed the abundances of individual glycan species. Moreover, we observed the characteristic shift within oligomannose N-glycans, suggesting the augmentation of mannose trimming, resulting in downregulation of H8N2 and upregulation of H5N2 glycan. This was supported by elevated expression of Golgi alpha-mannosidases (especially MAN1C1). We hypothesize, that intensified mannose trimming at the initial steps of N-glycosylation pathway during differentiation, together with the remodeling of the expression of key glycosyltransferases leads to increased diversity of N-glycans and enhanced fucosylation and sialylation of complex structures. Finally, we propose H4N5F1 glycan as a potential biomarker of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chwalenia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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7
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Gang W, Yu-Zhu W, Yang Y, Feng S, Xing-Li F, Heng Z. The critical role of calcineurin/NFAT (C/N) pathways and effective antitumor prospect for colorectal cancers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19254-19273. [PMID: 31489709 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) like a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and its controller calcineurin are highly expressed in primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) due to delamination, damage by tumor-associated flora and selective activation in the intestinal tract tumor are crucial in the progression and growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study sought to summarize the current findings concerning the dysregulated calcineurin/NFAT (C/N) signaling involved in CRC initiation and progression. These signalings include proliferation, T-cell functions, and glycolysis with high lactate production that remodels the acidosis, which genes in tumor cells provide an evolutionary advantage, or even increased their attack phenotype. Moreover, the relationship between C/N and gut microbiome in CRC, especially role of NFAT and toll-like receptor signaling in regulating intestinal microbiota are also discussed. Furthermore, this review will discuss the proteins and genes relating to C/N induced acidosis in CRC, which includes ASIC2 regulated C/N1 and TFs associated with the glycolytic by-product that affect T-cell functions and CRC cell growth. It is revealed that calcineurin or NFAT targeting to antitumor, selective calcineurin inhibition or targets in NFAT signaling may be useful for clinical treatment of CRC. This can further aid in the identification of specific targets via cancer patient-personalized approach. Future studies should be focused on targeting to C/N or TLR signaling by the combination of therapeutic agents to regulate T-cell functions and gut microbiome for activating potent anticancer property with the prospect of potentiating the antitumor therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eight People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yu-Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu Xing-Li
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Heng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Kaur H, Moreau R. Role of mTORC1 in intestinal epithelial repair and tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2525-2546. [PMID: 30944973 PMCID: PMC11105546 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mTORC1 signaling is the prototypical pathway regulating protein synthesis and cell proliferation. mTORC1 is active in stem cells located at the base of intestinal crypts but silenced as transit-amplifying cells differentiate into enterocytes or secretory cells along the epithelium. After an insult or injury, self-limiting and controlled activation of mTORC1 is critical for the renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium. mTORC1 promotes epithelial cell renewal by driving cryptic stem cell division, and epithelial cell repair by supporting the dedifferentiation and proliferation of enterocytes or secretory cells. Under repeated insult or injury, mTORC1 becomes constitutively active, triggering an irreversible return to stemness, cell division, proliferation, and inflammation among dedifferentiated epithelial cells. Epithelium-derived cytokines promulgate inflammation within the lamina propria, which in turn releases inflammatory factors that act back on the epithelium where undamaged intestinal epithelial cells participate in the pervading state of inflammation and become susceptible to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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9
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Lee SH, Kieu C, Martin CE, Han J, Chen W, Kim JS, Kang MK, Kim RH, Park NH, Kim Y, Shin KH. NFATc3 plays an oncogenic role in oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas by promoting cancer stemness via expression of OCT4. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2306-2319. [PMID: 31040921 PMCID: PMC6481346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1-c4), a family of transcription factors, is involved in many biological processes by regulating various downstream target genes. However, their role in cancer progression remains controversial. We here report that NFATc3 is the dominant isoform of NFAT in human oral epithelial cells, and its expression was increased in a stepwise manner during the progression of oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). More importantly, NFATc3 was highly enriched in self-renewing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) of OSCC. Increased expression of NFATc3 was required for the maintenance of CSC self-renewal, as NFATc3 inhibition suppressed tumor sphere formation in OSCC cells. Conversely, ectopic NFATc3 expression in non-tumorigenic immortalized oral epithelial cells resulted in the acquisition of self-renewal and increase in CSC phenotype, such as enhanced ALDH1HIGH cell population, mobility and drug resistance, indicating the functional role of NFATc3 in the maintenance of CSC phenotype. NFATc3 expression also converted the non-tumorigenic oral epithelial cells to malignant phenotypes. Mechanistic investigations further reveal that NFATc3 binds to the promoter of OCT4, a stemness transcription factor, for its activation, thereby promoting CSC phenotype. Moreover, suppression of OCT4 abrogated CSC phenotype in the cell with ectopic NFATc3 overexpression and OSCC, and ectopic OCT4 expression sufficiently induced CSC phenotype. Our study indicates that NFATc3 plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stemness and OSCC progression via novel NFATc3-OCT4 axis, suggesting that this axis may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Kieu
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte Ellen Martin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Jiho Han
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cancer Epigenetics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Mo K Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cancer Epigenetics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Box 957357, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
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10
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Cho SS, Kim KM, Yang JH, Kim JY, Park SJ, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Cho IJ, Ki SH. Induction of REDD1 via AP-1 prevents oxidative stress-mediated injury in hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:221-231. [PMID: 29909290 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) is an inducible gene in response to various stresses, which functions as a negative regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase in complex 1. In the present study, we identified the role of REDD1 under the oxidative stress-mediated hepatocyte injury and its regulatory mechanism. REDD1 protein was increased in H2O2 or tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated hepatocytes· H2O2 also elevated REDD1 mRNA levels. This event was inhibited by antioxidants such as diphenyleneiodonium chloride, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or butylated hydroxy anisole. Interestingly, we found that H2O2-mediated REDD1 induction was transcriptionally regulated by activator protein-1 (AP-1), and that overexpression of c-Jun increased REDD1 protein levels and REDD1 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Deletion of the putative AP-1 binding site in proximal region of the human REDD1 promoter significantly abolished REDD1 transactivation by c-Jun. A NF-E2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone treatment also elevated REDD1 levels, but it was independent on NF-E2-related factor 2 activation. Furthermore, we observed that REDD1 overexpression attenuated H2O2 or t-BHP-derived reactive oxygen species formation as well as cytotoxicity. Conversely, siRNA against REDD1 aggravated t-BHP-induced reactive oxygen species generation and cell death. In addition, we showed that REDD1 was induced by in vitro or in vivo ischemia/reperfusion model. Our results demonstrate that REDD1 induction by oxidative stress is mainly transcriptionally regulated by AP-1, and protects oxidative stress-mediated hepatocyte injury. These findings suggest REDD1 as a novel molecule that reduced susceptibility to oxidant-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Tirado-Hurtado I, Fajardo W, Pinto JA. DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 4 Gene: The Switch of the Metabolism as Potential Target in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:106. [PMID: 29707520 PMCID: PMC5906527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) gene is expressed under stress situations turning off the metabolic activity triggered by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Several in vitro and in vivo works have demonstrated the ability of DDIT4 to generate resistance to cancer therapy. The link between the metabolism suppression and aggressiveness features of cancer cells remains poorly understood since anti-mTOR agents who are part of the repertoire of drugs used for systemic treatment of cancer achieving variable results. Interestingly, the high DDIT4 expression is associated with worse outcomes compared to tumors with low DDIT4 expression, seen in a wide variety of solid and hematological tumors, which suggests the driver role of this gene and provide the basis to target it as part of a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge about the biology of DDIT4 and its role as a prognostic biomarker, encompassing the motives for the development of target drugs against DDIT4 as a better target than mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Williams Fajardo
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
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12
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Ketogenesis contributes to intestinal cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:458-468. [PMID: 27935584 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Previously, we have shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has a critical role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the downstream targets mediating the effects of mTOR in intestinal cells are not known. Here, we show that the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1). Conversely, knockdown of the ketogenic mitochondrial enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) attenuated spontaneous differentiation in the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Overexpression of HMGCS2, which we found is localized specifically in the more differentiated portions of the intestinal mucosa, increased the expression of CDX2, thus further suggesting the contributory role of HMGCS2 in intestinal differentiation. In addition, mice fed a ketogenic diet demonstrated increased differentiation of intestinal cells as noted by an increase in the enterocyte, goblet and Paneth cell lineages. Moreover, we showed that either knockdown of mTOR or inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin increases the expression of HMGCS2 in intestinal cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible cross-talk between mTOR and HMGCS2/βHB signaling in intestinal cells. In contrast, treatment of intestinal cells with βHB or feeding mice with a ketogenic diet inhibits mTOR signaling in intestinal cells. Together, we provide evidence showing that HMGCS2/βHB contributes to intestinal cell differentiation. Our results suggest that mTOR acts cooperatively with HMGCS2/βHB to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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13
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Epithelial calcineurin controls microbiota-dependent intestinal tumor development. Nat Med 2016; 22:506-15. [PMID: 27043494 PMCID: PMC5570457 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-associated pathways are active in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Calcineurin, a phosphatase required for the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, shows increased expression in CRC. We therefore investigated the role of calcineurin in intestinal tumor development. We demonstrate that calcineurin and NFAT factors are constitutively expressed by primary IECs and selectively activated in intestinal tumors as a result of impaired stratification of the tumor-associated microbiota and toll-like receptor signaling. Epithelial calcineurin supports the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells in an NFAT-dependent manner and promotes the development of intestinal tumors in mice. Moreover, somatic mutations that have been identified in human CRC are associated with constitutive activation of calcineurin, whereas nuclear translocation of NFAT is associated with increased death from CRC. These findings highlight an epithelial cell-intrinsic pathway that integrates signals derived from the commensal microbiota to promote intestinal tumor development.
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14
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Zhou Y, Rychahou P, Wang Q, Weiss HL, Evers BM. TSC2/mTORC1 signaling controls Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1631. [PMID: 25654764 PMCID: PMC4669793 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Notch signaling is critical for the control of intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of differentiation are not fully understood. Previously, we have shown that tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) positively regulates the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker, MUC2, in intestinal cells. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing a dominant negative TSC2 allele, we observed that TSC2 inactivation increased mTORC1 and Notch activities, and altered differentiation throughout the intestinal epithelium, with a marked decrease in the goblet and Paneth cell lineages. Conversely, treatment of mice with either Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) or mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin significantly attenuated the reduction of goblet and Paneth cells. Accordingly, knockdown of TSC2 activated, whereas knockdown of mTOR or treatment with rapamycin decreased, the activity of Notch signaling in the intestinal cell line LS174T. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that TSC2/mTORC1 signaling contributes to the maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by regulating Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Rychahou
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Q Wang
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B M Evers
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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15
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Canal M, Romaní-Aumedes J, Martín-Flores N, Pérez-Fernández V, Malagelada C. RTP801/REDD1: a stress coping regulator that turns into a troublemaker in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:313. [PMID: 25324725 PMCID: PMC4183088 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates essential processes directed to preserve cellular homeostasis, such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, protein synthesis and autophagy. Importantly, mTOR pathway deregulation has been related to many diseases. Indeed, it has become a hallmark in neurodegenerative disorders, since a fine-tuned regulation of mTOR activities is crucial for neuron function and survival. RTP801/REDD1/Dig2 has become one of the most puzzling regulators of mTOR. Although the mechanism is not completely understood, RTP801 inactivates mTOR and Akt via the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1/TSC2) in many cellular contexts. Intriguingly, RTP801 protects dividing cells from hypoxia or H2O2-induced apoptosis, while it sensitizes differentiated cells to stress. Based on experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), it has been proposed that at early stages of the disease, stress-induced RTP801 upregulation contributes to mTOR repression, in an attempt to maintain cell function and viability. However, if RTP801 elevation is sustained, it leads to neuron cell death by a sequential inhibition of mTOR and Akt. Here, we will review RTP801 deregulation of mTOR in a context of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Canal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Romaní-Aumedes
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Martín-Flores
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Zhou Y, Wang Q, Weiss HL, Evers BM. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 increases intestinal goblet cell differentiation through an mTOR/Notch signaling pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2882-90. [PMID: 25057011 PMCID: PMC4161521 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates a role for nuclear factor of activated T-cell 5 (NFAT5) in the regulation of mTOR signaling in intestinal cells, which suggests that NFAT5 participates in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis via suppression of the mTORC1/Notch signaling pathway. The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is involved in the regulation of intestinal enterocyte differentiation. Here we show that treatment with sodium chloride (NaCl), which activates NFAT5 signaling, increased mTORC1 repressor regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein expression and inhibited mTOR signaling; these alterations were attenuated by knockdown of NFAT5. Knockdown of NFAT5 activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and significantly inhibited REDD1 mRNA expression and protein expression. Consistently, overexpression of NFAT5 increased REDD1 expression. In addition, knockdown of REDD1 activated mTOR and Notch signaling, whereas treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin repressed Notch signaling and increased the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker mucin 2 (MUC2). Moreover, knockdown of NFAT5 activated Notch signaling and decreased MUC2 expression, while overexpression of NFAT5 inhibited Notch signaling and increased MUC2 expression. Our results demonstrate a role for NFAT5 in the regulation of mTOR signaling in intestinal cells. Importantly, these data suggest that NFAT5 participates in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis via the suppression of mTORC1/Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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17
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Pan MG, Xiong Y, Chen F. NFAT gene family in inflammation and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:543-54. [PMID: 22950383 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for numerous aspects of vertebrate function during and after embryonic development. Initially discovered in T cells, the NFAT gene family, consisting of five members, regulates immune system, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cardiac valve formation, myocardial development, axonal guidance, skeletal muscle development, bone homeostasis, development and metastasis of cancer, and many other biological processes. In this review we will focus on the NFAT literature relevant to the two closely related pathological systems: inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-G Pan
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
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18
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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Rychahou P, Liu C, Weiss HL, Evers BM. NFAT5 represses canonical Wnt signaling via inhibition of β-catenin acetylation and participates in regulating intestinal cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e671. [PMID: 23764852 PMCID: PMC3702276 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has a critical role in this process. Previously, we have shown that the calcineurin-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of intestinal cell differentiation, as noted by the alteration of brush-border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity. Here, we show that calcineurin-independent NFAT5 interacts with β-catenin to repress Wnt signaling. We found that overexpression of NFAT5 inhibits, whereas knockdown of NFAT5 increases, TOPflash reporter activity and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, suggesting that NFAT5 inhibits Wnt signaling. In addition, we demonstrated that NFAT5 directly interacts with the C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of β-catenin, inhibits CBP interaction with β-catenin, and inhibits CBP-mediated β-catenin acetylation. Moreover, NFAT5 is expressed in the mucosa of human intestine, with the most pronounced staining in the most differentiated region near the epithelial surface. Knockdown of NFAT5 attenuated sodium butyrate (NaBT)-mediated induction of IAP and sucrase activities; overexpression of NFAT5 induced IAP promoter activity. In summary, we provide evidence showing that NFAT5 is a regulator of Wnt signaling. Importantly, our results suggest that NFAT5 regulation of intestinal cell differentiation may be through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H L Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B M Evers
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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