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Kim M, Jeong HJ, Ju HM, Song JY, Jang SJ, Choi J. Overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis is a novel metastatic marker in pathologic stage T3 colon cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:342. [PMID: 36611072 PMCID: PMC9825400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NEK9 is a key player in the NEK9-EG5 axis for microtubule polymerization, chromosome alignment, and mitosis. In present study, we investigated the altered expression of the NEK9, EG5 and acetyl-α-tubulin as well as common epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, vimentin, claudin-1, and β-catenin) through the immunohistochemistry analysis of 138 patients with pathologic T3 (pT3) stage colon cancers, and evaluated their metastatic potential. NEK9 expression showed an association with distant metastasis (P = 0.032) and was an independent predictive factor for distant metastasis (HR = 3.365, P < 0.001) by multivariate analysis, which was more significant than either the regional nodal metastasis (HR = 2.496, P = 0.007) or lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.090, P = 0.153). Positive correlations were observed between NEK9 and EG5 or acetyl-α-tubulin (r = 0.236 and P = 0.007; r = 0.181 and P = 0.038, respectively) and concordant overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis was further confirmed in colon cancer cell lines. These findings collectively suggest that the overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis is present and associated with distant metastasis in colon cancer. These biomarkers might be useful for predicting metastatic potential among the patients with pT3 colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeong Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jeong
- HiLab Clinical Laboratories, Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-min Ju
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Ji-young Song
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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2
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Timón Pérez K, Scrofani J, Vernos I. NEDD1-S411 phosphorylation plays a critical function in the coordination of microtubule nucleation during mitosis. Biol Open 2022; 11:278477. [PMID: 36318115 PMCID: PMC9836086 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, spindle assembly relies on centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubule nucleation pathways that all require the γ-Tubulin Ring Complex (γ-TuRC) and its adaptor protein NEDD1. The activity of these different pathways needs to be coordinated to ensure bipolar spindle assembly ( Cavazza et al., 2016) but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have identified three sites in NEDD1 (S377, S405 and S411) that when phosphorylated drive MT nucleation at the centrosomes, around the chromosomes and on pre-existing MTs respectively ( Lüders et al., 2006; Pinyol et al., 2013; Sdelci et al., 2012). Here we aimed at getting additional insights into the mechanism that coordinates the different MT nucleation pathways in dividing cells using a collection of HeLa stable inducible cell lines expressing NEDD1 phospho-variants at these three sites and Xenopus egg extracts. Our results provide further support for the essential role of phosphorylation at the three residues. Moreover, we directly demonstrate that S411 phosphorylation is essential for MT branching using TIRF microscopy in Xenopus egg extracts and we show that it plays a crucial role in ensuring the balance between centrosome and chromosome-dependent MT nucleation required for bipolar spindle assembly in mitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Timón Pérez
- Quantitative Cell Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jacopo Scrofani
- Quantitative Cell Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Author for correspondence ()
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Quantitative Cell Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain,Author for correspondence ()
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3
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Kuo HH, Su ZR, Chuang JY, Yih LH. Heat shock factor 1 suppression induces spindle abnormalities and sensitizes cells to antimitotic drugs. Cell Div 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 34922589 PMCID: PMC8684068 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat shock response and supports malignant cell transformation. Recent work has shown that HSF1 can access the promoters of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and allow HSP expression during mitosis. It also acts as a mitotic regulator, controlling chromosome segregation. In this study, we investigated whether the transactivation activity of HSF1 is required for the assembly of mitotic spindles. RESULTS Our results showed that phosphorylation of HSF1 at serine 326 (S326) and its transactivation activity were increased during mitosis. Inhibition of the transactivation activity of HSF1 by KRIBB11 or CCT251263 during mitosis significantly increased the proportion of mitotic cells with abnormal spindles. It also hampered the reassembly of spindle microtubules after nocodazole treatment and washout by impeding the formation of chromosomal microtubule asters. Depletion of HSF1 led to defects in mitotic spindle assembly, subsequently attenuating cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth (AIG). These HSF1 depletion-induced effects could be rescued by ectopically expressing wild-type HSF1 or a constitutively active mutant (∆202-316, caHSF1) but not the S326A or dominant negative (∆361-529, dnHSF1) mutants. In addition, overexpression of HSP70 partially reduced HSF1 depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. These results indicate that HSF1 may support cell proliferation and AIG by maintaining spindle integrity through its transactivation activity. Furthermore, inhibition of HSF1 transactivation activity by KRIBB11 or CCT251236 can enhance diverse anti-mitosis drug-induced spindle defects and cell death. CONCLUSIONS The increased transactivation activity of HSF1 during mitosis appears to be required for accurate assembly of mitotic spindles, thereby supporting cell viability and probably AIG. In addition, inhibition of the transactivation activity of HSF1 may enhance the mitotic errors and cell death induced by anti-mitosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Rou Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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4
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Tsuchiya K, Goshima G. Microtubule-associated proteins promote microtubule generation in the absence of γ-tubulin in human colon cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202104114. [PMID: 34779859 PMCID: PMC8598081 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-tubulin complex acts as the predominant microtubule (MT) nucleator that initiates MT formation and is therefore an essential factor for cell proliferation. Nonetheless, cellular MTs are formed after experimental depletion of the γ-tubulin complex, suggesting that cells possess other factors that drive MT nucleation. Here, by combining gene knockout, auxin-inducible degron, RNA interference, MT depolymerization/regrowth assay, and live microscopy, we identified four microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), ch-TOG, CLASP1, CAMSAPs, and TPX2, which are involved in γ-tubulin-independent MT generation in human colon cancer cells. In the mitotic MT regrowth assay, nucleated MTs organized noncentriolar MT organizing centers (ncMTOCs) in the absence of γ-tubulin. Depletion of CLASP1 or TPX2 substantially delayed ncMTOC formation, suggesting that these proteins might promote MT nucleation in the absence of γ-tubulin. In contrast, depletion of ch-TOG or CAMSAPs did not affect the timing of ncMTOC appearance. CLASP1 also accelerates γ-tubulin-independent MT regrowth during interphase. Thus, MT generation can be promoted by MAPs without the γ-tubulin template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tsuchiya
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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So C, Seres KB, Steyer AM, Mönnich E, Clift D, Pejkovska A, Möbius W, Schuh M. A liquid-like spindle domain promotes acentrosomal spindle assembly in mammalian oocytes. Science 2020; 364:364/6447/eaat9557. [PMID: 31249032 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes segregate chromosomes with a microtubule spindle that lacks centrosomes, but the mechanisms by which acentrosomal spindles are organized and function are largely unclear. In this study, we identify a conserved subcellular structure in mammalian oocytes that forms by phase separation. This structure, which we term the liquid-like meiotic spindle domain (LISD), permeates the spindle poles and forms dynamic protrusions that extend well beyond the spindle. The LISD selectively concentrates multiple microtubule regulatory factors and allows them to diffuse rapidly within the spindle volume. Disruption of the LISD via different means disperses these factors and leads to severe spindle assembly defects. Our data suggest a model whereby the LISD promotes meiotic spindle assembly by serving as a reservoir that sequesters and mobilizes microtubule regulatory factors in proximity to spindle microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun So
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Bianka Seres
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.,Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eike Mönnich
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dean Clift
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anastasija Pejkovska
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. .,Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Rohrberg J, Van de Mark D, Amouzgar M, Lee JV, Taileb M, Corella A, Kilinc S, Williams J, Jokisch ML, Camarda R, Balakrishnan S, Shankar R, Zhou A, Chang AN, Chen B, Rugo HS, Dumont S, Goga A. MYC Dysregulates Mitosis, Revealing Cancer Vulnerabilities. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3368-3382.e7. [PMID: 32160543 PMCID: PMC7085414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors that overexpress the MYC oncogene are frequently aneuploid, a state associated with highly aggressive cancers and tumor evolution. However, how MYC causes aneuploidy is not well understood. Here, we show that MYC overexpression induces mitotic spindle assembly defects and chromosomal instability (CIN) through effects on microtubule nucleation and organization. Attenuating MYC expression reverses mitotic defects, even in established tumor cell lines, indicating an ongoing role for MYC in CIN. MYC reprograms mitotic gene expression, and we identify TPX2 to be permissive for spindle assembly in MYC-high cells. TPX2 depletion blocks mitotic progression, induces cell death, and prevents tumor growth. Further elevating TPX2 expression reduces mitotic defects in MYC-high cells. MYC and TPX2 expression may be useful biomarkers to stratify patients for anti-mitotic therapies. Our studies implicate MYC as a regulator of mitosis and suggest that blocking MYC activity can attenuate the emergence of CIN and tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rohrberg
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Van de Mark
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meelad Amouzgar
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moufida Taileb
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Corella
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seda Kilinc
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Lena Jokisch
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Balakrishnan
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Zhou
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Animal Female Meiosis: The Challenges of Eliminating Centrosomes. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070073. [PMID: 29996518 PMCID: PMC6071224 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the generation of gametes, which are highly specialised for fertilisation. Female reproductive cells, oocytes, grow up to large sizes when they accumulate energy stocks and store proteins as well as mRNAs to enable rapid cell divisions after fertilisation. At the same time, metazoan oocytes eliminate their centrosomes, i.e., major microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs), during or right after the long growth phases. Centrosome elimination poses two key questions: first, how can the centrosome be re-established after fertilisation? In general, metazoan oocytes exploit sperm components, i.e., the basal body of the sperm flagellum, as a platform to reinitiate centrosome production. Second, how do most metazoan oocytes manage to build up meiotic spindles without centrosomes? Oocytes have evolved mechanisms to assemble bipolar spindles solely around their chromosomes without the guidance of pre-formed MTOCs. Female animal meiosis involves microtubule nucleation and organisation into bipolar microtubule arrays in regulated self-assembly under the control of the Ran system and nuclear transport receptors. This review summarises our current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying self-assembly of meiotic spindles, its spatio-temporal regulation, and the key players governing this process in animal oocytes.
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8
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Gigant E, Stefanutti M, Laband K, Gluszek-Kustusz A, Edwards F, Lacroix B, Maton G, Canman JC, Welburn JPI, Dumont J. Inhibition of ectopic microtubule assembly by the kinesin-13 KLP-7 prevents chromosome segregation and cytokinesis defects in oocytes. Development 2017; 144:1674-1686. [PMID: 28289130 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In most species, oocytes lack centrosomes. Accurate meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation - essential to prevent miscarriage or developmental defects - thus occur through atypical mechanisms that are not well characterized. Using quantitative in vitro and in vivo functional assays in the C. elegans oocyte, we provide novel evidence that the kinesin-13 KLP-7 promotes destabilization of the whole cellular microtubule network. By counteracting ectopic microtubule assembly and disorganization of the microtubule network, this function is strictly required for spindle organization, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in meiotic cells. Strikingly, when centrosome activity was experimentally reduced, the absence of KLP-7 or the mammalian kinesin-13 protein MCAK (KIF2C) also resulted in ectopic microtubule asters during mitosis in C. elegans zygotes or HeLa cells, respectively. Our results highlight the general function of kinesin-13 microtubule depolymerases in preventing ectopic, spontaneous microtubule assembly when centrosome activity is defective or absent, which would otherwise lead to spindle microtubule disorganization and aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Gigant
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Kimberley Laband
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Agata Gluszek-Kustusz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK
| | - Frances Edwards
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Benjamin Lacroix
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Gilliane Maton
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Julie C Canman
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien Dumont
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
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