1
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Yan L, Yuan X, Liu M, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xu J, Zeng LH, Zhang L, Huang J, Lu W, He X, Yan H, Wang F. A non-canonical role of the inner kinetochore in regulating sister-chromatid cohesion at centromeres. EMBO J 2024; 43:2424-2452. [PMID: 38714893 PMCID: PMC11182772 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The 16-subunit Constitutive Centromere-associated Network (CCAN)-based inner kinetochore is well-known for connecting centromeric chromatin to the spindle-binding outer kinetochore. Here, we report a non-canonical role for the inner kinetochore in directly regulating sister-chromatid cohesion at centromeres. We provide biochemical, X-ray crystal structure, and intracellular ectopic localization evidence that the inner kinetochore directly binds cohesin, a ring-shaped multi-subunit complex that holds sister chromatids together from S-phase until anaphase onset. This interaction is mediated by binding of the 5-subunit CENP-OPQUR sub-complex of CCAN to the Scc1-SA2 sub-complex of cohesin. Mutation in the CENP-U subunit of the CENP-OPQUR complex that abolishes its binding to the composite interface between Scc1 and SA2 weakens centromeric cohesion, leading to premature separation of sister chromatids during delayed metaphase. We further show that CENP-U competes with the cohesin release factor Wapl for binding the interface of Scc1-SA2, and that the cohesion-protecting role for CENP-U can be bypassed by depleting Wapl. Taken together, this study reveals an inner kinetochore-bound pool of cohesin, which strengthens centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion to resist metaphase spindle pulling forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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3
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Valles SY, Godek KM, Compton DA. Cyclin A/Cdk1 promotes chromosome alignment and timely mitotic progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572788. [PMID: 38187612 PMCID: PMC10769330 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To ensure genomic fidelity a series of spatially and temporally coordinated events are executed during prometaphase of mitosis, including bipolar spindle formation, chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules at kinetochores, the correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments, and chromosome congression to the spindle equator. Cyclin A/Cdk1 kinase plays a key role in destabilizing k-MT attachments during prometaphase to promote correction of erroneous k-MT attachments. However, it is unknown if Cyclin A/Cdk1 kinase regulates other events during prometaphase. Here, we investigate additional roles of Cyclin A/Cdk1 in prometaphase by using an siRNA knockdown strategy to deplete endogenous Cyclin A from human cells. We find that depleting Cyclin A significantly extends mitotic duration, specifically prometaphase, because chromosome alignment is delayed. Unaligned chromosomes display erroneous monotelic, syntelic, or lateral k-MT attachments suggesting that bioriented k-MT attachment formation is delayed in the absence of Cyclin A. Mechanistically, chromosome alignment is likely impaired because the localization of the kinetochore proteins BUB1 kinase, KNL1, and MPS1 kinase are reduced in Cyclin A-depleted cells. Moreover, we find that Cyclin A promotes BUB1 kinetochore localization independently of its role in destabilizing k-MT attachments. Thus, Cyclin A/Cdk1 facilitates chromosome alignment during prometaphase to support timely mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y Valles
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kristina M Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Yoshizawa K, Matsura A, Shimada M, Ishida-Ishihara S, Sato F, Yamamoto T, Yaguchi K, Kawamoto E, Kuroda T, Matsuo K, Tamaoki N, Sakai R, Shimada Y, Mishra M, Uehara R. Tetraploidy-linked sensitization to CENP-E inhibition in human cells. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 36688680 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy is a hallmark of cancer cells, and tetraploidy-selective cell growth suppression is a potential strategy for targeted cancer therapy. However, how tetraploid cells differ from normal diploids in their sensitivity to anti-proliferative treatments remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that tetraploid cells are significantly more susceptible to inhibitors of a mitotic kinesin (CENP-E) than are diploids. Treatment with a CENP-E inhibitor preferentially diminished the tetraploid cell population in a diploid-tetraploid co-culture at optimum conditions. Live imaging revealed that a tetraploidy-linked increase in unsolvable chromosome misalignment caused substantially longer mitotic delay in tetraploids than in diploids upon moderate CENP-E inhibition. This time gap of mitotic arrest resulted in cohesion fatigue and subsequent cell death, specifically in tetraploids, leading to tetraploidy-selective cell growth suppression. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing compound paclitaxel caused tetraploidy-selective suppression through the aggravation of spindle multipolarization. We also found that treatment with a CENP-E inhibitor had superior generality to paclitaxel in its tetraploidy selectivity across a broader spectrum of cell lines. Our results highlight the unique properties of CENP-E inhibitors in tetraploidy-selective suppression and their potential use in the development of tetraploidy-targeting interventions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumire Ishida-Ishihara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuyu Sato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kan Yaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taruho Kuroda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuo
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mithilesh Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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5
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Zou J, Lan H, Li W, Xie S, Tong Z, Song X, Wang C. Comprehensive Analysis of Circular RNA Expression Profiles in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221139167. [PMID: 36537128 PMCID: PMC9772949 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221139167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gefitinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) widely used in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients harboring sensitive EGFR mutations. Although it has a good initial efficacy, acquired resistance to gefitinib is eventually inevitable. Studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the development of acquired resistance to different anti-cancer drugs, but the comprehensive analysis of its expression profile and functions on acquired gefitinib resistance remains poor. Methods: To explore the aberrant circRNAs expression profiles, we collected peripheral plasma samples from 4 gefitinib-sensitive and 4 gefitinib-resistant patients for performing microarray analysis. Candidates of differentially expressed circRNAs were used and analyzed by bioinformatics modalities including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and a constructed circRNA-microRNA RNA network. The differential expression of selected circRNAs was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: A total of 2571 circRNAs with significantly different expression between the groups were identified by microarray analysis. GO, KEGG, and pathway enrichment analyses reveal that these differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were complicated in many biological pathways that may be related to EGFR-TKI resistance such as ABC transporter and PI3K-Akt pathways. A circRNA-microRNA network was constructed by 10 circRNAs potentially involved in EGFR-TKI resistance togethering with their corresponding microRNAs (miRNAs). Consistent with the results of microarray assay, hsa_circ_0030591 and hsa_circ_0040348 were validated to be upregulated in gefitinib-resistant patients by qRT-PCR. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable data on circRNAs expression profiles detected in liquid biopsy for LUAD patients with acquired gefitinib resistance, and we validate that upregulations of hsa_circ_0030591 and hsa_circ_0040348 may play key roles in EGFR-TKI resistance and thus serving as candidates for biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Huiyin Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongkai Tong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaolian Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Changhui Wang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
Xiaolian Song, Changhui Wang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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6
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Allais A, FitzHarris G. Absence of a robust mitotic timer mechanism in early preimplantation mouse embryos leads to chromosome instability. Development 2022; 149:275859. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Preimplantation embryos often consist of a combination of euploid and aneuploid cells, suggesting that safeguards preventing the generation and propagation of aneuploid cells in somatic cells might be deficient in embryos. In somatic cells, a mitotic timer mechanism has been described, in which even a small increase in the duration of M phase can cause a cell cycle arrest in the subsequent interphase, preventing further propagation of cells that have undergone a potentially hazardously long M phase. Here, we report that cell divisions in the mouse embryo and embryonic development continue even after a mitotic prolongation of several hours. However, similar M-phase extensions caused cohesion fatigue, resulting in prematurely separated sister chromatids and the production of micronuclei. Only extreme prolongation of M phase caused a subsequent interphase arrest, through a mechanism involving DNA damage. Our data suggest that the simultaneous absence of a robust mitotic timer and susceptibility of the embryo to cohesion fatigue could contribute to chromosome instability in mammalian embryos.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Allais
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) 1 , H2X 0A9 Montréal, Québec , Canada
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) 1 , H2X 0A9 Montréal, Québec , Canada
- Université de Montréal 2 Department of OBGYN, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , , H3T 1C5 Montréal, Québec , Canada
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7
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Carvalhal S, Bader I, Rooimans MA, Oostra AB, Balk JA, Feichtinger RG, Beichler C, Speicher MR, van Hagen JM, Waisfisz Q, van Haelst M, Bruijn M, Tavares A, Mayr JA, Wolthuis RMF, Oliveira RA, de Lange J. Biallelic BUB1 mutations cause microcephaly, developmental delay, and variable effects on cohesion and chromosome segregation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0114. [PMID: 35044816 PMCID: PMC8769543 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB1) contributes to multiple mitotic processes. Here, we describe the first two patients with biallelic BUB1 germline mutations, who both display microcephaly, intellectual disability, and several patient-specific features. The identified mutations cause variable degrees of reduced total protein level and kinase activity, leading to distinct mitotic defects. Both patients’ cells show prolonged mitosis duration, chromosome segregation errors, and an overall functional spindle assembly checkpoint. However, while BUB1 levels mostly affect BUBR1 kinetochore recruitment, impaired kinase activity prohibits centromeric recruitment of Aurora B, SGO1, and TOP2A, correlating with anaphase bridges, aneuploidy, and defective sister chromatid cohesion. We do not observe accelerated cohesion fatigue. We hypothesize that unresolved DNA catenanes increase cohesion strength, with concomitant increase in anaphase bridges. In conclusion, BUB1 mutations cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, with clinical and cellular phenotypes that partially resemble previously described syndromes, including autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, mosaic variegated aneuploidy, and cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carvalhal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. Q.ta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin A. Rooimans
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Oncogenetics Section, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anneke B. Oostra
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Oncogenetics Section, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesper A. Balk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Oncogenetics Section, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Beichler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael R. Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johanna M. van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mieke van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Bruijn
- Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Tavares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. Q.ta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rob M. F. Wolthuis
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Oncogenetics Section, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raquel A. Oliveira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. Q.ta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Corresponding author. (R.A.O.); (J.d.L.)
| | - Job de Lange
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Oncogenetics Section, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (R.A.O.); (J.d.L.)
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8
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Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is a major hallmark of cancer cells and believed to drive tumor progression. Several cellular defects including weak centromeric cohesion are proposed to promote CIN, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects are poorly understood. In a screening for SET protein levels in various cancer cell lines, we found that most of the cancer cells exhibit higher SET protein levels than nontransformed cells, including RPE-1. Cancer cells with elevated SET often show weak centromeric cohesion, revealed by MG132-induced cohesion fatigue. Partial SET knockdown largely strengthens centromeric cohesion in cancer cells without increasing overall phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Pharmacologically increased PP2A activity in these cancer cells barely ameliorates centromeric cohesion. These results suggest that compromised PP2A activity, a common phenomenon in cancer cells, may not be responsible for weak centromeric cohesion. Furthermore, centromeric cohesion in cancer cells can be strengthened by ectopic Sgo1 overexpression and weakened by SET WT, not by Sgo1-binding-deficient mutants. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that SET overexpression contributes to impaired centromeric cohesion in cancer cells and illustrate misregulated SET-Sgo1 pathway as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.,Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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9
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A matter of wrapper: Defects in the nuclear envelope of lagging and bridging chromatin threatens genome integrity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 123:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Functioning mechanisms of Shugoshin-1 in centromeric cohesion during mitosis. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:289-297. [PMID: 32451529 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of centromeric cohesion is required for faithful chromosome segregation that prevents chromosomal instability. Extensive studies have identified and established the conserved protein Shugoshin (Sgo1/2) as an essential protector for centromeric cohesion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) protects centromeric cohesion at the molecular level. Targeting of Sgo1 to inner centromeres is required for its proper function of cohesion protection. We therefore discuss about the molecular mechanisms that install Sgo1 onto inner centromeres. At metaphase-to-anaphase transition, Sgo1 at inner centromeres needs to be disabled for the subsequent sister-chromatid segregation. A few recent studies suggest interesting models to explain how it is achieved. These models are discussed as well.
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11
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Sapkota H, Wren JD, Gorbsky GJ. CSAG1 maintains the integrity of the mitotic centrosome in cells with defective p53. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.239723. [PMID: 32295846 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes focus microtubules to promote mitotic spindle bipolarity, a critical requirement for balanced chromosome segregation. Comprehensive understanding of centrosome function and regulation requires a complete inventory of components. While many centrosome components have been identified, others yet remain undiscovered. We have used a bioinformatics approach, based on 'guilt by association' expression to identify novel mitotic components among the large group of predicted human proteins that have yet to be functionally characterized. Here, we identify chondrosarcoma-associated gene 1 protein (CSAG1) in maintaining centrosome integrity during mitosis. Depletion of CSAG1 disrupts centrosomes and leads to multipolar spindles, particularly in cells with compromised p53 function. Thus, CSAG1 may reflect a class of 'mitotic addiction' genes, whose expression is more essential in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Sapkota
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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12
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Warren JD, Orr B, Compton DA. A comparative analysis of methods to measure kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 158:91-116. [PMID: 32423652 PMCID: PMC7727308 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, spindle microtubules dynamically attach to and detach from kinetochores in a precise and regulated fashion. To ensure mitotic fidelity, kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments must be stable enough to satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), but sufficiently unstable to facilitate the correction of maloriented attachments. Different methods are available to assess k-MT stability in both live and fixed cells, but a comparative survey of these methods has not yet been reported. Here, we evaluate several quantitative and semiquantitative methods for determining k-MT stability and apply each technique to illustrate changes in spindle microtubule dynamics upon perturbation with physiologically relevant concentrations of microtubule stabilizing (Taxol) and destabilizing (UMK57 and nocodazole) compounds. We discuss the utility of each technique for defining specific features of spindle microtubule dynamics and k-MT attachment stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Warren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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13
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Zielinska AP, Bellou E, Sharma N, Frombach AS, Seres KB, Gruhn JR, Blayney M, Eckel H, Moltrecht R, Elder K, Hoffmann ER, Schuh M. Meiotic Kinetochores Fragment into Multiple Lobes upon Cohesin Loss in Aging Eggs. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3749-3765.e7. [PMID: 31679939 PMCID: PMC6868511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors during female meiosis are a leading cause of pregnancy loss and human infertility. The segregation of chromosomes is driven by interactions between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. Kinetochores in mammalian oocytes are subjected to special challenges: they need to withstand microtubule pulling forces over multiple hours and are built on centromeric chromatin that in humans is decades old. In meiosis I, sister kinetochores are paired and oriented toward the same spindle pole. It is well established that they progressively separate from each other with advancing female age. However, whether aging also affects the internal architecture of centromeres and kinetochores is currently unclear. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy to study meiotic centromere and kinetochore organization in metaphase-II-arrested eggs from three mammalian species, including humans. We found that centromeric chromatin decompacts with advancing maternal age. Kinetochores built on decompacted centromeres frequently lost their integrity and fragmented into multiple lobes. Fragmentation extended across inner and outer kinetochore regions and affected over 30% of metaphase-II-arrested (MII) kinetochores in aged women and mice, making the lobular architecture a prominent feature of the female meiotic kinetochore. We demonstrate that a partial cohesin loss, as is known to occur in oocytes with advancing maternal age, is sufficient to trigger centromere decompaction and kinetochore fragmentation. Microtubule pulling forces further enhanced the fragmentation and shaped the arrangement of kinetochore lobes. Fragmented kinetochores were frequently abnormally attached to spindle microtubules, suggesting that kinetochore fragmentation could contribute to the maternal age effect in mammalian eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata P Zielinska
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Eirini Bellou
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ninadini Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Frombach
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - K Bianka Seres
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Bourn Hall Clinic, High Street, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Jennifer R Gruhn
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Heike Eckel
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Kasseler Landstraße 25A, Göttingen 37081, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Moltrecht
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Kasseler Landstraße 25A, Göttingen 37081, Germany
| | - Kay Elder
- Bourn Hall Clinic, High Street, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Melina Schuh
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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14
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Non-random Mis-segregation of Human Chromosomes. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3366-3380. [PMID: 29898405 PMCID: PMC6019738 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A common assumption is that human chromosomes carry equal chances of mis-segregation during compromised cell division. Human chromosomes vary in multiple parameters that might generate bias, but technological limitations have precluded a comprehensive analysis of chromosome-specific aneuploidy. Here, by imaging specific centromeres coupled with high-throughput single-cell analysis as well as single-cell sequencing, we show that aneuploidy occurs non-randomly following common treatments to elevate chromosome mis-segregation. Temporary spindle disruption leads to elevated mis-segregation and aneuploidy of a subset of chromosomes, particularly affecting chromosomes 1 and 2. Unexpectedly, we find that a period of mitotic delay weakens centromeric cohesion and promotes chromosome mis-segregation and that chromosomes 1 and 2 are particularly prone to suffer cohesion fatigue. Our findings demonstrate that inherent properties of individual chromosomes can bias chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy rates, with implications for studies on aneuploidy in human disease.
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15
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Replication stress induces mitotic death through parallel pathways regulated by WAPL and telomere deprotection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4224. [PMID: 31530811 PMCID: PMC6748914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is a broad descriptor encompassing unclear mechanisms of cell death. Here we investigate replication stress-driven mitotic catastrophe in human cells and identify that replication stress principally induces mitotic death signalled through two independent pathways. In p53-compromised cells we find that lethal replication stress confers WAPL-dependent centromere cohesion defects that maintain spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic arrest in the same cell cycle. Mitotic arrest then drives cohesion fatigue and triggers mitotic death through a primary pathway of BAX/BAK-dependent apoptosis. Simultaneously, a secondary mitotic death pathway is engaged through non-canonical telomere deprotection, regulated by TRF2, Aurora B and ATM. Additionally, we find that suppressing mitotic death in replication stressed cells results in distinct cellular outcomes depending upon how cell death is averted. These data demonstrate how replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe signals cell death with implications for cancer treatment and cancer genome evolution. Mitotic catastrophe is a regulated mechanism that responds to aberrant mitoses leading to removal of damaged cells. Here the authors reveal how replication stress induces mitotic death through pathways regulated by WAPL and telomere deprotection.
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16
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Wang LI, Das A, McKim KS. Sister centromere fusion during meiosis I depends on maintaining cohesins and destabilizing microtubule attachments. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008072. [PMID: 31150390 PMCID: PMC6581285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister centromere fusion is a process unique to meiosis that promotes co-orientation of the sister kinetochores, ensuring they attach to microtubules from the same pole during metaphase I. We have found that the kinetochore protein SPC105R/KNL1 and Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1-87B) regulate sister centromere fusion in Drosophila oocytes. The analysis of these two proteins, however, has shown that two independent mechanisms maintain sister centromere fusion. Maintenance of sister centromere fusion by SPC105R depends on Separase, suggesting cohesin proteins must be maintained at the core centromeres. In contrast, maintenance of sister centromere fusion by PP1-87B does not depend on either Separase or WAPL. Instead, PP1-87B maintains sister centromeres fusion by regulating microtubule dynamics. We demonstrate that this regulation is through antagonizing Polo kinase and BubR1, two proteins known to promote stability of kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachments, suggesting that PP1-87B maintains sister centromere fusion by inhibiting stable KT-MT attachments. Surprisingly, C(3)G, the transverse element of the synaptonemal complex (SC), is also required for centromere separation in Pp1-87B RNAi oocytes. This is evidence for a functional role of centromeric SC in the meiotic divisions, that might involve regulating microtubule dynamics. Together, we propose two mechanisms maintain co-orientation in Drosophila oocytes: one involves SPC105R to protect cohesins at sister centromeres and another involves PP1-87B to regulate spindle forces at end-on attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ing Wang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Arunika Das
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kim S. McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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17
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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18
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Yi Q, Chen Q, Yan H, Zhang M, Liang C, Xiang X, Pan X, Wang F. Aurora B kinase activity-dependent and -independent functions of the chromosomal passenger complex in regulating sister chromatid cohesion. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2021-2035. [PMID: 30523151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a master regulator of mitosis. CPC consists of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Survivin, Borealin, and the kinase Aurora B and plays key roles in regulating kinetochore-microtubule attachments and spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. However, the role of CPC in sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that Aurora B kinase activity contributes to centromeric cohesion protection partly through promoting kinetochore localization of the kinase Bub1. Interestingly, disrupting the interaction of INCENP with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in HeLa cells selectively weakens cohesion at mitotic centromeres without detectably reducing the kinase activity of Aurora B. Thus, through this INCENP-HP1 interaction, the CPC also protects centromeric cohesion independently of Aurora B kinase activity. Moreover, the requirement for the INCENP-HP1 interaction in centromeric cohesion protection can be bypassed by tethering HP1 to centromeres or by depleting the cohesin release factor Wapl. We provide further evidence suggesting that the INCENP-HP1 interaction protects centromeric cohesion by promoting the centromere localization of Haspin, a protein kinase that antagonizes Wapl activity at centromeres. Taken together, this study identifies Aurora B kinase activity-dependent and -independent roles for the CPC in regulating centromeric cohesion during mitosis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cai Liang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingfeng Xiang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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19
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Guo X, Ni J, Liang Z, Xue J, Fenech MF, Wang X. The molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of micronuclei: New insights into an age-old problem. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 779:1-35. [PMID: 31097147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN), the small nucleus-like bodies separated from the primary nucleus, can exist in cells with numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in apparently normal tissues and more so in tumors in humans. While MN have been observed for over 100 years, they were merely and constantly considered as passive indicators of chromosome instability (CIN) for a long time. Relatively little is known about the molecular origins and biological consequences of MN. Rapid technological advances are helping to close these gaps. Very recent studies provide exciting evidence that MN act as key platform for chromothripsis and a trigger of innate immune response, suggesting that MN could affect cellular functions by both genetic and nongenetic means. These previously unappreciated findings have reawakened widespread interests in MN. In this review, the diverse mechanisms leading to MN generation and the complex fate profiles of MN are discussed, together with the evidence for their contribution to CIN, inflammation, senescence and cell death. Moreover, we put this knowledge together into a speculative perspective on how MN may be responsible for cancer development and how their presence may influence the choice of treatment. We suggest that the heterogeneous responses to MN may function physiological to ensure the arrestment, elimination and immune clearance of damaged cells, but pathologically, may enable the survival and oncogenic transformation of cells bearing CIN. These insights not only underscore the complexity of MN biology, but also raise a host of new questions and provide fertile ground for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Ziqing Liang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Michael F Fenech
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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