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Knippler CM, Arnst JL, Robinson IE, Matsuk V, Khatib TO, Harvey RD, Shanmugam M, Mouw JK, Fu H, Ganesh T, Marcus AI. Bisbiguanide analogs induce mitochondrial stress to inhibit lung cancer cell invasion. iScience 2024; 27:109591. [PMID: 38632988 PMCID: PMC11022046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer metabolism to limit cellular energy and metabolite production is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we developed analogs of the bisbiguanide, alexidine, to target lung cancer cell metabolism and assess a structure-activity relationship (SAR). The SAR led to the identification of two analogs, AX-4 and AX-7, that limit cell growth via G1/G0 cell-cycle arrest and are tolerated in vivo with favorable pharmacokinetics. Mechanistic evaluation revealed that AX-4 and AX-7 induce potent mitochondrial defects; mitochondrial cristae were deformed and the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarized. Additionally, cell metabolism was rewired, as indicated by reduced oxygen consumption and mitochondrial ATP production, with an increase in extracellular lactate. Importantly, AX-4 and AX-7 impacted overall cell behavior, as these compounds reduced collective cell invasion. Taken together, our study establishes a class of bisbiguanides as effective mitochondria and cell invasion disrupters, and proposes bisbiguanides as promising approaches to limiting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Knippler
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jamie L. Arnst
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Isaac E. Robinson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Veronika Matsuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tala O. Khatib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R. Donald Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam I. Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Chen Q, Li L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xue X. Graphene oxide had adverse effects on sperm motility and morphology through oxidative stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105653. [PMID: 37487874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a new type of graphene material, but its effects on the male reproductive system are unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of GO on human sperm in vitro. Sperms were incubated with various doses of GO (0, 10, 20, or 40 μg/mL) for different times (1, 3, or 6 h) at 37 °C, followed by analyses of the sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, and DNA fragmentations. GO exposure significantly decreased sperm motility and viability, increased sperm abnormalities, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, GO exposure resulted in a significant reduction of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was confirmed by the ultrastructural changes of chromatin and mitochondria caused by GO. These data revealed the adverse effects of GO on sperm. Further research showed that GO exposure led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm cells and a significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In addition, western blot analysis showed that the levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein expression in GO-treated sperm cells were significantly increased compared to the control. These results indicated that GO had adverse effects on human sperm through oxidative stress, which was associated with Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Xun W, Gong B, Liu X, Yang X, Zhou X, Jin L. Antifungal Mechanism of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid against Pestalotiopsis kenyana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11274. [PMID: 37511033 PMCID: PMC10379350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis sp. is an important class of plant pathogenic fungi that can infect a variety of crops. We have proved the pathogenicity of P. kenyana on bayberry leaves and caused bayberry blight. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness, which can prevent fungal diseases on a variety of crops. In this study, the effect of PCA on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of P. kenyana has been investigated, and the potential antifungal mechanism of PCA against P. kenyana was also explored. We applied PCA on P. kenyana in vitro and in vivo to determine its inhibitory effect on PCA. It was found that PCA was highly efficient against P. kenyana, with EC50 around 2.32 μg/mL, and the in vivo effect was 57% at 14 μg/mL. The mechanism of PCA was preliminarily explored by transcriptomics technology. The results showed that after the treatment of PCA, 3613 differential genes were found, focusing on redox processes and various metabolic pathways. In addition, it can also cause mycelial development malformation, damage cell membranes, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase ROS levels. This result expanded the potential agricultural application of PCA and revealed the possible mechanism against P. kenyana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xun
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuju Yang
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linhong Jin
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Upmanyu K, Rizwanul Haq QM, Singh R. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of the Alexidine Dihydrochloride (MMV396785) against Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1155. [PMID: 37508252 PMCID: PMC10375957 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections among patients in hospital settings are rising at an alarming rate. The World Health Organization has designated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a priority pathogen for drug discovery. Based on the open drug discovery approach, we screened 400 compounds provided as a Pandemic Response Box by MMV and DNDi to identify compounds with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two A. baumannii reference strains using a highly robust resazurin assay. In vitro screening identified thirty compounds with MIC ≤ 50μM having growth inhibitory properties against the planktonic state. Five compounds, with MMV IDs MMV396785, MMV1578568, MMV1578574, MMV1578564, and MMV1579850, were able to reduce metabolically active cells in the biofilm state. Of these five compounds, MMV396785 showed potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activity with MIC, MBIC, and MBEC of 3.125 μM, 12.5, and 25-100 µM against tested A. baumannii strains, respectively, showing biofilm formation inhibition by 93% and eradication of pre-formed biofilms by 60-77.4%. In addition, MMV396785 showed a drastic reduction in the surface area and thickness of biofilms. Further investigations at the molecular level by qRT-PCR revealed the downregulation of biofilm-associated genes when exposed to 50 µM MMV396785 in all tested strains. This study identified the novel compound MMV396785 as showing potential in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Upmanyu
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
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Sekine Y, Houston R, Eckl EM, Fessler E, Narendra DP, Jae LT, Sekine S. A mitochondrial iron-responsive pathway regulated by DELE1. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2059-2076.e6. [PMID: 37327776 PMCID: PMC10329284 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heme-regulated kinase HRI is activated under heme/iron deficient conditions; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that iron-deficiency-induced HRI activation requires the mitochondrial protein DELE1. Notably, mitochondrial import of DELE1 and its subsequent protein stability are regulated by iron availability. Under steady-state conditions, DELE1 is degraded by the mitochondrial matrix-resident protease LONP1 soon after mitochondrial import. Upon iron chelation, DELE1 import is arrested, thereby stabilizing DELE1 on the mitochondrial surface to activate the HRI-mediated integrated stress response (ISR). Ablation of this DELE1-HRI-ISR pathway in an erythroid cell model enhances cell death under iron-limited conditions, suggesting a cell-protective role for this pathway in iron-demanding cell lineages. Our findings highlight mitochondrial import regulation of DELE1 as the core component of a previously unrecognized mitochondrial iron responsive pathway that elicits stress signaling following perturbation of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ryan Houston
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Eckl
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Derek P Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shiori Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Recent advances in, and challenges of, designing OMA1 drug screens. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106063. [PMID: 34999225 PMCID: PMC8923697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The proteases of the mitochondrial inner membrane are challenging yet highly desirable drug targets for complex, multifactorial diseases prevalent mainly in the elderly. Among them, OMA1 with its substrates OPA1 and DELE1 safeguards mitochondrial homeostasis at the intersection of energy metabolism and apoptosis, which may have relevance for neurodegeneration, malignancy and heart failure, among other diseases. Little is known about OMA1. Its structure has not been solved and we are just beginning to understand the enzyme's context-dependent regulation. OMA1 appears dormant under physiological conditions as judged by OPA1's processing pattern. The protease is rapidly activated, however, when cells experience stress or undergo apoptosis. Intriguingly, genetic OMA1 ablation can delay or even prevent apoptosis in animal models for diseases that can be broadly categorized as ischemia-reperfusion related disorders. Three groups have reported their efforts implementing OMA1 drug screens. This article reviews some of the technical challenges encountered in these assays and highlights what can be learned for future screening campaigns, and about the OMA1 protease more broadly. OMA1 does not exists in a vacuum and potent OMA1 inhibitors are needed to tease apart OMA1's intricate interactions with the other mitochondrial proteases and enzymes. Furthermore, OMA1 inhibitors hold the promise of becoming a new class of cytoprotective medicines for disorders influenced by dysfunctional mitochondria, such as heart failure or Alzheimer's Disease.
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