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Pimm ML, Haarer BK, Nobles AD, Haney LM, Marcin AG, Alcaide Eligio M, Henty-Ridilla JL. Coordination of actin plus-end dynamics by IQGAP1, formin, and capping protein. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305065. [PMID: 38787349 PMCID: PMC11117073 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell processes require precise regulation of actin polymerization that is mediated by plus-end regulatory proteins. Detailed mechanisms that explain plus-end dynamics involve regulators with opposing roles, including factors that enhance assembly, e.g., the formin mDia1, and others that stop growth (capping protein, CP). We explore IQGAP1's roles in regulating actin filament plus-ends and the consequences of perturbing its activity in cells. We confirm that IQGAP1 pauses elongation and interacts with plus ends through two residues (C756 and C781). We directly visualize the dynamic interplay between IQGAP1 and mDia1, revealing that IQGAP1 displaces the formin to influence actin assembly. Using four-color TIRF, we show that IQGAP1's displacement activity extends to formin-CP "decision complexes," promoting end-binding protein turnover at plus-ends. Loss of IQGAP1 or its plus-end activities disrupts morphology and migration, emphasizing its essential role. These results reveal a new role for IQGAP1 in promoting protein turnover on filament ends and provide new insights into how plus-end actin assembly is regulated in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brian K. Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alexander D. Nobles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Laura M. Haney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra G. Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Alcaide Eligio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Gao YN, Wang ZW, Su CY, Wang JQ, Zheng N. Omics analysis revealed the intestinal toxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116336. [PMID: 38691883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a common mycotoxin, can occur in agricultural products. As a metabolite of AFB1, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) mainly exist in dairy products. These two mycotoxins threaten human health, although it is unclear how they affect the function of the intestinal barrier. In this study, mice were exposed to AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg body b.w.) and AFM1(3.0 mg/kg b.w.) either individually or in combination for 28 days to explore the main differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the associated enriched pathways. These findings were preliminarily verified by the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in differentiated Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that AFB1 and AFM1 exposure in mice disrupted the function of the intestinal barrier, and the combined toxicity was greater than that of each toxin alone. Further proteomic analysis in mice demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying these differences could be explained as follows: (i) lipid metabolism was enriched by AFB1-induced DEPs. (ii) protein export pathway was stimulated by AFM1-induced DEPs. (iii) cell metabolic ability was inhibited (as evidenced by changes in UDP-GT1, UDP-GT2, and Gatm6), apoptosis was induced (MAP4K3), and epithelial cell integrity was disrupted (Claudin7 and IQGAP2), resulting in more extensive intestinal damage after combined treatment. In conclusion, the hazardous impact of co-exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 from proteomic perspectives was demonstrated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan-You Su
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Xu Y, Sun H, Chen J, Qin L, Wu M, Zhong Z, Zhang X. Loss of SIL1 Affects Actin Dynamics and Leads to Abnormal Neural Migration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04272-8. [PMID: 38850350 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
SIL1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the molecular chaperone protein Bip in the endoplasmic reticulum that plays a crucial role in protein folding. The Sil1 gene is currently the only known causative gene of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS). Intellectual developmental disability is the main symptom of MSS, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that mutations in the Sil1 gene can delay neuronal migration during cortical development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To further identify potential molecules involved in the regulation of central nervous system development by SIL1, we established a cortical neuron model with SIL1 protein deficiency and used proteomic analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins after Sil1 silencing, followed by GO functional enrichment and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. We identified 68 upregulated and 137 downregulated proteins in total, and among them, 10 upregulated and 3 downregulated proteins were mainly related to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. We further validated the differential changes in actin-related molecules using qRT‒PCR and Western blotting of a Sil1 gene knockout (Sil1-/-) mouse model. The results showed that the protein levels of ACTN1 and VIM decreased, while their mRNA levels increased as a compensatory response to protein deficiency. The mRNA and protein levels of IQGAP1 both showed a secondary increase. In conclusion, we identified ACTN1 and VIM as the key molecules regulated by SIL1 that are involved in neuronal migration during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongji Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liuting Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengxue Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Pimm ML, Haarer BK, Nobles AD, Haney LM, Marcin AG, Marcela Alcaide Eligio, Henty-Ridilla JL. Coordination of actin plus-end dynamics by IQGAP1, formin, and capping protein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.04.539490. [PMID: 37205555 PMCID: PMC10187324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell processes require precise regulation of actin polymerization that is mediated by plus-end regulatory proteins. Detailed mechanisms that explain plus-end dynamics involve regulators with opposing roles, including factors that enhance assembly, e.g., the formin mDia1, and others that stop growth (Capping Protein, CPz). We explore IQGAP1's roles regulating actin filament plus-ends and the consequences of perturbing its activity in cells. We confirm that IQGAP1 pauses elongation and interacts with plus ends through two residues (C756 and C781). We directly visualize the dynamic interplay between IQGAP1 and mDia1, revealing that IQGAP1 displaces the formin to influence actin assembly. Using four-color TIRF we show that IQGAP1's displacement activity extends to formin-CPz 'decision complexes', promoting end-binding protein turnover at plus-ends. Loss of IQGAP1 or its plus-end activities disrupts morphology and migration, emphasizing its essential role. These results reveal a new role for IQGAP1 in promoting protein turnover on filament ends and provide new insights into how plus-end actin assembly is regulated in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brian K Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexander D Nobles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Laura M Haney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexandra G Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Marcela Alcaide Eligio
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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5
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Goode BL, Eskin J, Shekhar S. Mechanisms of actin disassembly and turnover. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202309021. [PMID: 37948068 PMCID: PMC10638096 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular actin networks exhibit a wide range of sizes, shapes, and architectures tailored to their biological roles. Once assembled, these filamentous networks are either maintained in a state of polarized turnover or induced to undergo net disassembly. Further, the rates at which the networks are turned over and/or dismantled can vary greatly, from seconds to minutes to hours or even days. Here, we review the molecular machinery and mechanisms employed in cells to drive the disassembly and turnover of actin networks. In particular, we highlight recent discoveries showing that specific combinations of conserved actin disassembly-promoting proteins (cofilin, GMF, twinfilin, Srv2/CAP, coronin, AIP1, capping protein, and profilin) work in concert to debranch, sever, cap, and depolymerize actin filaments, and to recharge actin monomers for new rounds of assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L. Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Julian Eskin
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Departments of Physics, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Ulrichs H, Gaska I, Shekhar S. Multicomponent regulation of actin barbed end assembly by twinfilin, formin and capping protein. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3981. [PMID: 37414761 PMCID: PMC10326068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells control actin assembly by regulating reactions at actin filament barbed ends. Formins accelerate elongation, capping protein (CP) arrests growth and twinfilin promotes depolymerization at barbed ends. How these distinct activities get integrated within a shared cytoplasm is unclear. Using microfluidics-assisted TIRF microscopy, we find that formin, CP and twinfilin can simultaneously bind filament barbed ends. Three‑color, single-molecule experiments reveal that twinfilin cannot bind barbed ends occupied by formin unless CP is present. This trimeric complex is short-lived (~1 s), and results in dissociation of CP by twinfilin, promoting formin-based elongation. Thus, the depolymerase twinfilin acts as a pro-formin pro-polymerization factor when both CP and formin are present. While one twinfilin binding event is sufficient to displace CP from the barbed-end trimeric complex, ~31 twinfilin binding events are required to remove CP from a CP-capped barbed end. Our findings establish a paradigm where polymerases, depolymerases and cappers together tune actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ulrichs
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ignas Gaska
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Zhao N, Chen C, Guo Y, Liu T, Che N, Zhang D, Liang X, Zhang Y, Zhao X. LOXL2 serves as a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma by mediating immune infiltration and vasculogenic mimicry. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:661-672. [PMID: 36192339 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process that is accompanied by progressive changes in the liver microenvironment, including immune evasion and angiogenesis. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) has been suggested to contribute to tumour progression and metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between LOXL2 and immune infiltration and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and to identify the role of LOXL2 in HCC diagnosis prognosis evaluation. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), UALCAN, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were used to analyse LOXL2 expression and perform survival analysis. The Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to analyse immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers and immune checkpoints. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of 201 HCC samples was used to confirm the expression of LOXL2 and its relationship with VM. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to confirm the molecular mechanism of LOXL2 in VM. RESULTS The expression of LOXL2 in HCC was higher than that in normal tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. High expression of LOXL2 was associated with a poorer prognosis of HCC. The genetic alteration rate of LOXL2 was 5%. LOXL2 was positively related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints (PD-1 and CTLA-4) in HCC. Co-IP showed that LOXL2 can interact directly with IQGAP1. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that LOXL2 significantly induced cell migration, invasion and VM formation when IQGAP1 was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS LOXL2 is involved in immune cell infiltration and promotes VM by upregulating IQGAP1. LOXL2 can be used as a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
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8
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Ulrichs H, Gaska I, Shekhar S. Multicomponent regulation of actin barbed end assembly by twinfilin, formin and capping protein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538010. [PMID: 37163095 PMCID: PMC10168238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Living cells assemble their actin networks by regulating reactions at the barbed end of actin filaments. Formins accelerate elongation, capping protein (CP) arrests growth and twinfilin promotes depolymerization at barbed ends. How cells integrate these disparate activities within a shared cytoplasm to produce diverse actin networks, each with distinct morphologies and finely tuned assembly kinetics, is unclear. We used microfluidics-assisted TIRF microscopy to investigate how formin mDia1, CP and twinfilin influence the elongation of actin filament barbed ends. We discovered that the three proteins can simultaneously bind a barbed end in a multiprotein complex. Three-color single molecule experiments showed that twinfilin cannot bind actin filament ends occupied by formin mDia1 unless CP is present. The trimeric complex is short-lived (∼1s) and results in rapid dissociation of CP by twinfilin causing resumption of rapid formin- based elongation. Thus, the depolymerase twinfilin acts as a pro-formin factor that promotes polymerization when both CP and formin are present. While a single twinfilin binding event is sufficient to displace CP from the trimeric complex, it takes about 30 independent twinfilin binding events to remove capping protein from CP-bound barbed end. Our findings establish a new paradigm in which polymerases, depolymerases and cappers work in concert to tune cellular actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ulrichs
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ignas Gaska
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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9
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Legátová A, Pelantová M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Škarková A. The emerging role of microtubules in invasion plasticity. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1118171. [PMID: 36860323 PMCID: PMC9969133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to switch between different invasive modes during metastasis, also known as invasion plasticity, is an important characteristic of tumor cells that makes them able to resist treatment targeted to a particular invasion mode. Due to the rapid changes in cell morphology during the transition between mesenchymal and amoeboid invasion, it is evident that this process requires remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Although the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell invasion and plasticity is already quite well described, the contribution of microtubules is not yet fully clarified. It is not easy to infer whether destabilization of microtubules leads to higher invasiveness or the opposite since the complex microtubular network acts differently in diverse invasive modes. While mesenchymal migration typically requires microtubules at the leading edge of migrating cells to stabilize protrusions and form adhesive structures, amoeboid invasion is possible even in the absence of long, stable microtubules, albeit there are also cases of amoeboid cells where microtubules contribute to effective migration. Moreover, complex crosstalk of microtubules with other cytoskeletal networks participates in invasion regulation. Altogether, microtubules play an important role in tumor cell plasticity and can be therefore targeted to affect not only cell proliferation but also invasive properties of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Legátová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Markéta Pelantová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia,*Correspondence: Aneta Škarková,
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10
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Dai Q, Song F, Li X, Huang F, Zhao H. Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1121. [PMID: 36320006 PMCID: PMC9628040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAPs) are a group of scaffold proteins which have been identified to be involved in tumor initiation and progression in diverse types of cancer. Clinical studies and experimental evidence suggest that IQGAPs play an essential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and alterations in their expression are closely related to patient prognosis. However, the different expression patterns and prognostic values of all three IQGAP isoforms in HCC have not yet been analyzed simultaneously. METHODS We analyzed the transcriptional and survival data of IQGAPs in HCC patients using Oncomine, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and GeneMANIA. We further examined tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 250 HCC patients using immunohistochemistry to assess the relationship between IQGAPs expression and clinicopathological features and validate the prognostic value of IQGAPs. In addition, we analyzed transcriptional changes of IQGAPs with regards to survival data in HCC patients from the TCGA-LIHC (liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cohort to validate our results. RESULTS We found that the expression levels of IQGAP1 and 3 were significantly elevated in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues, whereas the expression level of IQGAP2 was decreased in the former than in the latter. The clinical data showed that positive IQGAP1 expression was associated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, poor relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS), and positive IQGAP3 expression was associated with poorer tumor differentiation, RFS, and OS. Conversely, positive IQGAP2 expression predicted less tumor numbers and microvascular invasion, as well as higher RFS and OS in these patients. CONCLUSIONS IQGAPs may serve as new prognostic biomarkers and potential targets for precision therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Dai
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032 Hefei, People’s Republic of China ,grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Fei Song
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Xincheng Li
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032 Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Huang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032 Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032 Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Li W, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang X, Xing S, Chen S. IQGAP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma contributes to drug resistance and genome stability. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14201. [PMID: 36275458 PMCID: PMC9586079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs and the molecular mechanisms have not been fully revealed. Genomic instability and the abnormal activation of bypass DNA repair pathway is the potential cause of tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. IQ-motif GTPase activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) regulates cell migration and intercellular adhesion. This study aims to analysis the effects of IQGAP3 expression on cell survival, genome stability and clinical prognosis in ccRCC. Methods Multiple bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA database and IHC analysis on clinical specimens were included. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to determine protein expression level. MTT assay and 3D spheroid cell growth assay were used to assess cell proliferation and drug resistance in RNAi transfected ccRCC cells. Cell invasion capacity was evaluated by transwell assay. The influence of IQGAP3 on genome instability was revealed by micronuclei number and γ H2AX recruitment test. Results The highly expressed IQGAP3 in multiple subtypes of renal cell carcinoma has a clear prognostic value. Deletion of IQGAP3 inhibits cell growth in 3D Matrigel. IQGAP3 depletion lso increases accumulated DNA damage, and improves cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, targeting DNA damage repair function of IQGAP3 in tumorigenesis can provide ideas for the development of new targets for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Carson International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Carson International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Chen
- Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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12
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Dai Q, Ain Q, Rooney M, Song F, Zipprich A. Role of IQ Motif-Containing GTPase-Activating Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920652. [PMID: 35785216 PMCID: PMC9243542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAPs) are a class of scaffolding proteins, including IQGAP1, IQGAP2, and IQGAP3, which govern multiple cellular activities by facilitating cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular signal transduction. The role of IQGAPs in cancer initiation and progression has received increasing attention in recent years, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where the aberrant expression of IQGAPs is closely related to patient prognosis. IQGAP1 and 3 are upregulated and are considered oncogenes in HCC, while IQGAP2 is downregulated and functions as a tumor suppressor. This review details the three IQGAP isoforms and their respective structures. The expression and role of each protein in different liver diseases and mainly in HCC, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are also presented. This review also provides a reference for further studies on IQGAPs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Else Kröner Graduate School for Medical Students “Jena School for Ageing Medicine (JSAM)”, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rooney
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Zipprich,
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Vakhrusheva A, Murashko A, Trifonova E, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Sokolova O. Role of Actin-binding Proteins in the Regulation of Cellular Mechanics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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14
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Fang X, Svitkina TM. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in cell migration. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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