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Li S, Kasciukovic T, Tanaka TU. Kinetochore-microtubule error correction for biorientation: lessons from yeast. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:29-39. [PMID: 38305688 PMCID: PMC10903472 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on sister kinetochores forming stable attachments to microtubules (MTs) extending from opposite spindle poles and establishing biorientation. To achieve this, erroneous kinetochore-MT interactions must be resolved through a process called error correction, which dissolves improper kinetochore-MT attachment and allows new interactions until biorientation is achieved. The Aurora B kinase plays key roles in driving error correction by phosphorylating Dam1 and Ndc80 complexes, while Mps1 kinase, Stu2 MT polymerase and phosphatases also regulate this process. Once biorientation is formed, tension is applied to kinetochore-MT interaction, stabilizing it. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms of kinetochore-MT interaction, error correction and biorientation. We focus mainly on recent insights from budding yeast, where the attachment of a single MT to a single kinetochore during biorientation simplifies the analysis of error correction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Taciana Kasciukovic
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Tomoyuki U. Tanaka
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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Li S, Garcia-Rodriguez LJ, Tanaka TU. Chromosome biorientation requires Aurora B's spatial separation from its outer kinetochore substrates, but not its turnover at kinetochores. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4557-4569.e3. [PMID: 37788666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, sister kinetochores must interact with microtubules from opposite spindle poles (biorientation). For this, aberrant kinetochore-microtubule interaction must be resolved (error correction) by Aurora B kinase. Once biorientation is formed, tension is applied on kinetochore-microtubule interaction, stabilizing this interaction. The mechanism for this tension-dependent process has been debated. Here, we study how Aurora B localizations at different kinetochore sites affect the biorientation establishment and maintenance in budding yeast. Without the physiological Aurora B-INCENP recruitment mechanisms, engineered recruitment of Aurora B-INCENP to the inner kinetochore, but not to the outer kinetochore, prior to biorientation supports the subsequent biorientation establishment. Moreover, when the physiological Aurora B-INCENP recruitment mechanisms are present, an engineered Aurora B-INCENP recruitment to the outer kinetochore, but not to the inner kinetochore, during metaphase (after biorientation establishment) disrupts biorientation, which is dependent on the Aurora B kinase activity. These results suggest that the spatial separation of Aurora B from its outer kinetochore substrates is required to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule interaction when biorientation is formed and tension is applied on this interaction. Meanwhile, Aurora B exhibits dynamic turnover on the centromere/kinetochore during early mitosis, a process thought to be crucial for error correction and biorientation. However, using the engineered Aurora B-INCENP recruitment to the inner kinetochore, we demonstrate that, even without such a turnover, Aurora B-INCENP can efficiently support biorientation. Our study provides important insights into how Aurora B promotes error correction for biorientation in a tension-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luis J Garcia-Rodriguez
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Tomoyuki U Tanaka
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Edgerton HD, Mukherjee S, Johansson M, Bachant J, Gardner MK, Clarke DJ. Low tension recruits the yeast Aurora B protein Ipl1 to centromeres in metaphase. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261416. [PMID: 37519149 PMCID: PMC10445749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate genome segregation in mitosis requires that all chromosomes are bioriented on the spindle. Cells monitor biorientation by sensing tension across sister centromeres. Chromosomes that are not bioriented have low centromere tension, which allows Aurora B (yeast Ipl1) to perform error correction that locally loosens kinetochore-microtubule attachments to allow detachment of microtubules and fresh attempts at achieving biorientation. However, it is not known whether low tension recruits Aurora B to centromeres or, alternatively, whether low tension directly activates Aurora B already localized at centromeres. In this work, we experimentally induced low tension in metaphase Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, then monitored Ipl1 localization. We find low tension recruits Ipl1 to centromeres. Furthermore, low tension-induced Ipl1 recruitment depended on Bub1, which is known to provide a binding site for Ipl1. In contrast, Top2, which can also recruit Ipl1 to centromeres, was not required. Our results demonstrate cells are sensitive to low tension at centromeres and respond by actively recruiting Ip1l for error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Edgerton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marnie Johansson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeff Bachant
- Department of Molecular Cell Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Melissa K. Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Duncan J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Britigan EMC, Wan J, Sam DK, Copeland SE, Lasek AL, Hrycyniak LCF, Wang L, Audhya A, Burkard ME, Roopra A, Weaver BA. Increased Aurora B expression reduces substrate phosphorylation and induces chromosomal instability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1018161. [PMID: 36313574 PMCID: PMC9606593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1018161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased Aurora B protein expression, which is common in cancers, is expected to increase Aurora B kinase activity, yielding elevated phosphorylation of Aurora B substrates. In contrast, here we show that elevated expression of Aurora B reduces phosphorylation of six different Aurora B substrates across three species and causes defects consistent with Aurora B inhibition. Complexes of Aurora B and its binding partner INCENP autophosphorylate in trans to achieve full Aurora B activation. Increased expression of Aurora B mislocalizes INCENP, reducing the local concentration of Aurora B:INCENP complexes at the inner centromere/kinetochore. Co-expression of INCENP rescues Aurora B kinase activity and mitotic defects caused by elevated Aurora B. However, INCENP expression is not elevated in concert with Aurora B in breast cancer, and increased expression of Aurora B causes resistance rather than hypersensitivity to Aurora B inhibitors. Thus, increased Aurora B expression reduces, rather than increases, Aurora B kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. C. Britigan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jun Wan
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel K. Sam
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sarah E. Copeland
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amber L. Lasek
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura C. F. Hrycyniak
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Beth A. Weaver,
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