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Das U, Thomas JD, Tarale P, Soja J, Inkelis S, Chambers C, Sarkar DK. Altered circadian expression of clock genes and clock-regulatory epigenetic modifiers in saliva of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19886. [PMID: 39191924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol-exposed (AE) infants and children often demonstrate disrupted sleep patterns, including more frequent awakenings, reduced total sleep time, and more night-to-night sleep variability. Despite the strong connection between sleep patterns and circadian rhythmicity, relatively little is known about circadian rhythm disruptions in individuals with AE. Recently, several reports demonstrated that evaluating the expression patterns of human clock genes in biological fluids could reveal an individual's circadian phenotype. Human saliva offers an emerging and easily available physiological sample that can be collected non-invasively for core-clock gene transcript analyses. We compared the expression patterns of core-clock genes and their regulatory genes in salivary samples of children aged 6-10 years-old with and without AE during the light cycle between ZT0-ZT11. We isolated the RNA from the samples and measured the expression patterns of core clock genes and clock regulating genes using the human specific primers with quantitative real-time PCR. Analysis of core clock genes expression levels in saliva samples from AE children indicates significantly altered levels in expression of core-clock BMAL1, CLOCK, PER1-3 and CRY1,2, as compared to those in age-matched control children. We did not find any sex difference in levels of clock genes in AE and control groups. Cosinor analysis was used to evaluate the rhythmic pattern of these clock genes, which identified circadian patterns in the levels of core clock genes in the control group but absent in the AE group. The gene expression profile of a salivary circadian biomarker ARRB1 was rhythmic in saliva of control children but was arhythmic in AE children. Altered expression patterns were also observed in clock regulatory genes: NPAS2, NFL3, NR1D1, DEC1, DEC2, and DBP, as well as chromatin modifiers: MLL1, P300, SIRT1, EZH2, HDAC3, and ZR1D1, known to maintain rhythmic expression of core-clock genes. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that AE disturbs the circadian patten expression of core clock genes and clock-regulatory chromatin modifiers in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Das
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Farm Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer D Thomas
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Prashant Tarale
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Farm Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jackie Soja
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Inkelis
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics at University of California at San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dipak K Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 67 Poultry Farm Lane, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Hou W, Hou W, Zhao X. Exploring transcriptomic databases: unraveling circadian gene disruptions in lower grade glioma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16960. [PMID: 39043735 PMCID: PMC11266536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explored the role of circadian rhythm genes (CRGs) in lower grade glioma (LGG) development and found that certain genes, such as CRY1, NPAS2, and RORB, were associated with increased or decreased risk of LGG. The study also investigated the correlation between CRGs and immune cell infiltration, revealing a negative association with macrophage infiltration and a positive correlation with B cell and CD8 + T cell infiltration. Additionally, the study identified major mutated CRGs, including PER2, BMAL1, CLOCK, and BMAL2, and their potential interaction with other CNS-associated genes. The study suggests that CRGs play a crucial role in immune response and tumorigenesis in LGG patients and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Weiming Hou
- Department of Medical Engineering, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
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Wang S, Huang C, Zheng Y, Wu X, Zhong Y. NPAS2, transcriptionally activated by ARRB1, promotes the malignant behaviours of lung adenocarcinoma cells and regulates the reprogramming of glucose metabolism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13860. [PMID: 38584327 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a serious threat to public health and is accompanied by increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neuronal PAS domain protein2 (NPAS2) has been confirmed as an oncogene in LUAD; however, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Here, the expression level of NPAS2 was detected in LUAD cell lines and 16HBE cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism was evaluated via oxygen consumption rate (OCR), complexes activities, lactic production and glucose consumption. The expression of critical proteins was examined by western blot. We demonstrated aberrant upregulation of NPAS2 and β-arrestin-1 (ARRB1) in LUAD cell lines. ARRB1 was found to be a critical transcription factor of NPAS2 with binding sites within the promoter region of NPAS2, thereby causing its transcriptional activation. Functional experiments revealed that NPAS2 depletion significantly inhibited the malignant behaviours of A549 cells by suppressing cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promoting cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, NPAS2 depletion increased OCR and activities of complexes (I, II, III and V), and reduced lactic acid production and glucose uptake in A549 cells, indicating that NPAS2 depletion inhibited aerobic glycolysis, accompanied by reduced expression of glycolytic enzymes. However, the changes caused by NPAS2 knockdown were partly restored by ARRB1 overexpression. In conclusion, our study suggests that ARRB1 could transcriptionally activate NPAS2, facilitating malignant activities and glycolysis, and ultimately promoting the progression of LUAD, proving a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LongYan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Chunhong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LongYan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yanbin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LongYan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Emergency Department, LongYan People Hospital of Fujian, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yutong Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LongYan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
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Murgo E, Colangelo T, Bellet MM, Malatesta F, Mazzoccoli G. Role of the Circadian Gas-Responsive Hemeprotein NPAS2 in Physiology and Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 37887064 PMCID: PMC10603908 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a hemeprotein comprising a basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH) and two heme-binding sites, the PAS-A and PAS-B domains. This protein acts as a pyridine nucleotide-dependent and gas-responsive CO-dependent transcription factor and is encoded by a gene whose expression fluctuates with circadian rhythmicity. NPAS2 is a core cog of the molecular clockwork and plays a regulatory role on metabolic pathways, is important for the function of the central nervous system in mammals, and is involved in carcinogenesis as well as in normal biological functions and processes, such as cardiovascular function and wound healing. We reviewed the scientific literature addressing the various facets of NPAS2 and framing this gene/protein in several and very different research and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
- Cancer Cell Signaling Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Marina Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Malatesta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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Chen Y, Song W, Zhang H, Ji X. MICALL2 participates in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells - Potential roles in pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109730. [PMID: 37690696 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells is a vital process in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which results in the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Based on RNA sequencing analysis and GEO dataset reanalysis, we screened out MICALL2, a gene upregulated in the lungs of IPF mice and alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells from IPF patients, and aimed to explore its role in IPF. We validated the expression of MICALL2 in bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells (primary murine ATII cells and A549 cells), and explored the role of MICALL2 in IPF by knockdown of MICALL2 in BLM-induced mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells. We found that MICALL2 was upregulated in the lungs of BLM-induced mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells. MICALL2-deficient mice had reduced fibrogenesis and restrained EMT upon BLM challenge. Knockdown of MICALL2 restrained the EMT process, in vitro, through impeding β-catenin nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NPAS2 is directly bound to the promoter of MICALL2. Altogether, our data revealed transactivation of MICALL2 induced by NPAS2, contributing to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ATII cells, thus leading to the EMT process and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. Interfering with MICALL2 may represent an innovative therapeutic target to mitigate the extent of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Xinping Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Gangitano E, Baxter M, Voronkov M, Lenzi A, Gnessi L, Ray D. The interplay between macronutrients and sleep: focus on circadian and homeostatic processes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166699. [PMID: 37680898 PMCID: PMC10482045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are an emerging risk factor for metabolic diseases, for which the burden is particularly worrying worldwide. The importance of sleep for metabolic health is being increasingly recognized, and not only the amount of sleep plays an important role, but also its quality. In this review, we studied the evidence in the literature on macronutrients and their influence on sleep, focusing on the mechanisms that may lay behind this interaction. In particular, we focused on the effects of macronutrients on circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep in preclinical models, and reviewed the evidence of clinical studies in humans. Given the importance of sleep for health, and the role of circadian biology in healthy sleep, it is important to understand how macronutrients regulate circadian clocks and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangitano
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Voronkov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ma S, Chen Y, Quan P, Zhang J, Han S, Wang G, Qi R, Zhang X, Wang F, Yuan J, Yang X, Jia W, Qin W. NPAS2 promotes aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth in prostate cancer through HIF-1A signaling. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:280. [PMID: 36978001 PMCID: PMC10045944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the common malignant tumors, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The circadian rhythm plays a critical role in disease. Circadian disturbances are often found in patients with tumors and enable to promote tumor development and accelerate its progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the core clock gene NPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2) has been implicated in tumors initiation and progression. However, there are few studies on the association between NPAS2 and prostate cancer. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of NPAS2 on cell growth and glucose metabolism in prostate cancer. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, western blot, GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) databases were used to analyze the expression of NPAS2 in human PCa tissues and various PCa cell lines. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTS, clonogenic assays, apoptotic analyses, and subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice. Glucose uptake, lactate production, cellular oxygen consumption rate and medium pH were measured to examine the effect of NPAS2 on glucose metabolism. The relation of NPAS2 and glycolytic genes was analyzed based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. RESULTS Our data showed that NPAS2 expression in prostate cancer patient tissue was elevated compared with that in normal prostate tissue. NPAS2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in a nude mouse model in vivo. NPAS2 knockdown led to glucose uptake and lactate production diminished, oxygen consumption rate and pH elevated. NPAS2 increased HIF-1A (hypoxia-inducible factor-1A) expression, leading to enhanced glycolytic metabolism. There was a positive correlation with the expression of NPAS2 and glycolytic genes, these genes were upregulated with overexpression of NPAS2 while knockdown of NPAS2 led to a lower level. CONCLUSION NPAS2 is upregulated in prostate cancer and promotes cell survival by promoting glycolysis and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yafan Chen
- Department of Human Movement Science, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Penghe Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruochen Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weijing Jia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, 710032, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Clock Disruption, and Metabolic Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010060. [PMID: 36676985 PMCID: PMC9863434 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. It is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Many pathways can be responsible for T2DM development in OSA patients, e.g., those related to HIF-1 and SIRT1 expression. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNA181a or miRNA199, are postulated to play a pivotal role in this link. It has been proven that OSA increases the occurrence of circadian clock disruption, which is also a risk factor for metabolic disease development. Circadian clock disruption impairs the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and the secretion of bile acids. Therefore, OSA-induced circadian clock disruption may be a potential, complex, underlying pathway involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic diseases among OSA patients. The current paper summarizes the available information pertaining to the relationship between OSA and circadian clock disruption in the context of potential mechanisms leading to metabolic disorders.
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Dysregulation of Circadian Clock Genes Associated with Tumor Immunity and Prognosis in Patients with Colon Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4957996. [PMID: 35880088 PMCID: PMC9308515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4957996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early research shows that disrupting the circadian rhythm increases the risk of various cancers. However, the roles of circadian clock genes in colorectal cancer, which is becoming more common and lethal in China, remained to be unclear. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that multiple CCGs were dysregulated and frequently mutated in CRC samples by analyzing the TCGA database. The higher expression levels of REV1, ADCYAP1, CSNK1D, NR1D1, CSNK1E, and CRY2 had a strong link with shorter DFS time in CRC patients, demonstrating that CCGs had an important regulatory role in CRC development. Moreover, 513 CRC tumor samples were divided into 3 categories, namely, cluster1 (n = 428), cluster2 (n = 83), and cluster 3 (n = 109), based on the expression levels of the CCGs. Clinical significance analysis showed that the overall survival and disease-free survival of cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly shorter than those of cluster 1. The stemness scores in cluster 1 and cluster 2 were significantly higher than those of cluster 3 CRC samples. Clinically, we found that the C3 subtype had significantly higher percentage of T3/T4, N1/N2, and grades III and IV than groups C1 or C2. In addition, we reported that different CRC clusters had significantly different tumor-infiltrating immune cell signatures. Finally, pancancer analysis showed that higher expression of CSNK1D was correlated with shorter DFS time in multiple cancer types, such as COAD and LIHC, and was dysregulated in various cancers. In conclusion, we effectively developed a CCG-related predictive model and opened up new avenues for research into immune regulatory mechanisms and the development of immunotherapy for CRC.
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