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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zahiruddin S, Parveen A, Khan W, Ibrahim M, Want MY, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Metabolomic Profiling and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polyherbal Combination in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:647244. [PMID: 35046795 PMCID: PMC8762268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to develop a characterized polyherbal combination as an immunomodulator containing Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper nigrum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the ratio of aqueous extracts of four plant materials was optimized and comprised 49.76% of P. emblica, 1.35% of P. nigrum, 5.41% of W. somnifera, and 43.43% of T. cordifolia for optimum immunomodulatory activity. The optimized combination showed antioxidant potential and contains more than 180 metabolites, out of which gallic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferitrin, and p-coumaric acid are some common and significant metabolites found in plant extracts and in polyherbal combination. Treatment with the polyherbal combination of different doses in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the subsets of immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells (60%), B cells (18%), CD4 cells (14%), and CD8 cells (7%). The characterized polyherbal combination exhibited potent immunomodulatory activity, which can be further explored clinically for its therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Clinical Research, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Washim Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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TLC-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity-Based Scientific Validation for Use of Water Extracts in AYUSH Formulations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:2847440. [PMID: 35003294 PMCID: PMC8741349 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2847440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a chromatographic method for scientific validation of water extract of some important Indian traditional plants used in AYUSH-based formulation as immunomodulator and to evaluate their bioactive potential. Fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. and Piper nigrum L., stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, rhizome of Curcuma longa L., leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. and Achillea millefolium L., roots of Withania somnifera L., and stem bark of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. were coarsely powdered and extracted in three different solvents (water, ethanol, and hydroethanol). The antioxidant potential was determined through 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing capacity methods. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out for the comparative metabolite profiling of the extracts using toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5 : 4 : 1, v/v/v) as a solvent system. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of the extracts has been tested on splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic assay. Hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of most of the plant materials has the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by water extract (WE) and ethanolic extract (EE), whereas the water extracts of most of the plant material showed better antioxidant activity. Almost all extract exhibited splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic activity in a dose-dependent manner. But water extract showed significantly higher splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic activity as compared to the other two extracts. TLC analysis resulted in detection of totally 63 and 56 metabolites at 254 nm and 366 nm, respectively. Through principal component analysis (PCA), it was observed that metabolite pattern of different extracts from same plant materials may be different or similar. This preliminary result can be used for quality evaluation and to develop a synergy-based polyherbal combination of water extracts of selected plant materials.
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Parveen A, Zahiruddin S, Agarwal N, Akhtar Siddiqui M, Husain Ansari S, Ahmad S. Modulating effects of the synergistic combination of extracts of herbal drugs on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6178-6190. [PMID: 34764748 PMCID: PMC8568999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Taking leads from the available research, we aimed to develop a synergy-based herbal combination of Tinospora cordifolia (TC), Phyllanthus emblica (PE), and Piper nigrum (PN). Also, evaluating their synergistic effect on CP-induced immunosuppression in mice model and exploring the possible mechanisms involved in reversing the damage. METHODOLOGY The immunomodulatory activity of combination, of TC stem, PE fruits, and PN dried fruits, was determined by in vitro assays (splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages of mice) and in vivo study using CP-induced immunosuppression model in Swiss Albino mice. The ratio was optimized for combining three by in vitro MTT assay. The combination was further evaluated for anti-oxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method and quantified for its bioactive metabolites by HPTLC. Serum collected on day 0, 4, 7 and 14 was employed for estimation of haematogram (haematocrit, TLC, DLC, and haemoglobin, etc) and immune parameters (IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α) by ELISA. RESULTS The study demonstrated, that combination of herbal extracts at an intermediate dose could inhibit the proliferation of spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages (P ≤ 0.0001) and induce suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and also certified that combination exerts synergized effects. The results showed that the combination possess potential antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method (IC50-113.5 µg/ml). It was identified that combination significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) improved the immune markers, haematogram parameters, and histological parameters, with maximum protection offered by an intermediate dose. CONCLUSION The results suggested that present combination could be further explored clinically as potent synergy-based therapeutic approach for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, SIST, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Shahid Husain Ansari
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Byun EB, Song HY, Kim WS, Han JM, Seo HS, Park SH, Kim K, Byun EH. Protective Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Macrophages and a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147512. [PMID: 34299130 PMCID: PMC8304288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of most effective chemotherapeutic drugs that is widely used to treat various types of cancer, it can cause undesirable damage in immune cells and normal tissue because of its strong cytotoxicity and non-selectivity. This study was conducted to investigate the cytoprotective effects of Cudrania tricuspidata fruit-derived polysaccharides (CTPS) against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages, lung cancer cell lines, and a mouse model, and to explore the possibility of application of CTPS as a supplement for anticancer therapy. Both cisplatin alone and cisplatin with CTPS induced a significant cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, whereas cytotoxicity was suppressed by CTPS in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. CTPS significantly attenuated the apoptotic and necrotic population, as well as cell penetration in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells, which ultimately inhibited the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cytosolic cytochrome c, poly (adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and caspases-3, -8, and -9, and the downregulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The CTPS-induced cytoprotective action was mediated with a reduction in reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. In agreement with the results obtained above, CTPS induced the attenuation of cell damage in cisplatin-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (primary cells). In in vivo studies, CTPS significantly inhibited metastatic colonies and bodyweight loss as well as immunotoxicity in splenic T cells compared to the cisplatin-treated group in lung metastasis-induced mice. Furthermore, CTPS decreased the level of CRE and BUN in serum. In summation, these results suggest that CTPS-induced cytoprotective action may play a role in alleviating the side effects induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-413-301-481; Fax: +82-413-301-489
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Seedevi P, Moovendhan M, Sudharsan S, Sivasankar P, Sivakumar L, Vairamani S, Shanmugam A. Isolation and chemical characteristics of rhamnose enriched polysaccharide from Grateloupia lithophila. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:486-494. [PMID: 29805003 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Grateloupia lithophila through hot-water extraction and deproteinization. Further, fractionated by anion-exchange column using Q-Sepharose and purified by gel-permeation chromatography using Sepharose 4-LB column. The crude and purified polysaccharide contains high carbohydrate (75.7 and 89.7%), ash (18.2 and 3.2%) and moisture (14.8 and 1.3%); the protein and uronic acid were absent. The molecular weight of crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide was found to be 37 kDa, 29 kDa and 24 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of the crude polysaccharide was found to be having rhamnose (79.82%), fructose (8.38%), galactose (3.95%), xylose (3.31%) and glucose (1.48%); whereas the purified polysaccharide reported higher amount of rhamnose (95.88%), 1.13% of xylose and 2.21% of fructose. The structural elucidation of the purified polysaccharide was conformed as α-l-rhamnose through polarimetry, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Seedevi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sadhasivam Sudharsan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organisation, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Sivakumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Vairamani
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annaian Shanmugam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xin LT, Yue SJ, Fan YC, Wu JS, Yan D, Guan HS, Wang CY. Cudrania tricuspidata: an updated review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCudrania tricuspidata, and the limitations of the studies on this species were also discussed so as to serve as the basis for further research and development of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ya-Chu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100038
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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Nile SH, Kim DH. HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Cudrania tricuspidata. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata is a plant used in folk medicine in Korea for treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study the leaf and shoot extract was studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. The extract with predominant phenolics was quantified using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), and anti-inflammatory activity by diene-conjugate and β-glucuronidase assays. The average antioxidant effects of C. tricuspidata extracts (1–2 mg/mL) revealed significant activity of 32.5% to 50.2% (ABTS) and 24.2 to 40.5% (FRAP) compared with Trolox, having 55.1% (ABTS) and 42.6% (FRAP) activity, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities showed as 26.5% to 40.5% (DC) and 40.2% to 70.2% (βG) inhibition compared with the control {phenylbutazone; 42.1% (DC) and 80.2% (βG) inhibition, respectively}. The XO inhibitory activity of the plant extract revealed 90.5% inhibition of that of the control (allopurinol) (97% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration). The kinetic parameters of XO inhibition revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition, where, K m and V max of C. tricuspidata extracts (25 to 100 μg/mL) were 0.25 mM/mL and 0.040, 0.036, 0.032, and 0.030 (μg/min), while for the positive control K m and V max the values were 0.30 mM/mL and 0.045 (μg/min), respectively. Results suggest that C. tricuspidata can be exploited against diseases associated with free radical formation and xanthine oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul-143701, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul-143701, South Korea
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Zhao H, Wang J, Lv F, Bie X, Lu Z. Chemical characterization and antitumor activity of an exopolysaccharide from Pholiota Squarrosa Quel. AS 5.245. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Liu YH, Ma SD, Fu QJ, Zhao LY, Li Y, Wang HQ, Li MC. Effect of lentinan on membrane-bound protein expression in splenic lymphocytes under chronic low-dose radiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:505-14. [PMID: 25102307 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of lentinan against damages to chronic and low-dose radiation (CL-radiation) by using mouse models. The mice were randomized divided into four groups: normal control mice (Ctr), mice exposed to radiation (Rad), irradiated mice treated with low-dose lentinan (0.1mg/(kg.d), RL), and irradiated mice treated with high-dose lentinan (0.5mg/(kg.d), RH). All the mice were injected intraperitoneally once a day at a dose of 0.5mL (Ctr and Rad with normal sodium while RL and RH with lentinan). The success of radiation models was confirmed by HE stain and cell morphology by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). On the basis of radiation models, we investigated the expression of proteins on the membrane of splenic cells through MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that both RT-radiation and lentinan affected the expression of membrane proteins, but lentinan protected the splenic cells and tissue from the injuries caused by CL-radiation. Therefore, we speculated that CL-radiation mainly damages the genetic materials and membrane-bound proteins, while lentinan protects membrane-bound proteins by regulating signal transduction and the appearance of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shou-Dong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing-Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yi Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- Radiation Oncology Department, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ming-Chun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Inhibitory Activities of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves on Pancreatic Lipase In Vitro and Lipolysis In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:878365. [PMID: 23365603 PMCID: PMC3529879 DOI: 10.1155/2012/878365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To identify effective herb to treat obesity, we screened 115 herbal extracts for inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase (triacylg-ycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) activity in vitro. Of the extracts tested, Cudrania tricuspidata leaves exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect on lipase activity with an IC50 value of 9.91 μg/mL. Antilipid absorption effects of C. tricuspidata leaves were examined in rats after oral administration of lipid emulsions containing 50 or 250 mg C. tricuspidata/kg body weight. Plasma triacylglycerol levels 2 h after the oral administration of emulsions containing C. tricuspidata were significantly reduced compared to the untreated group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that C. tricuspidata leaves may be useful for the treatment of obesity.
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Liu CJ, Lin JY. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of strawberry and mulberry fruit polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages through modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines secretion and Bcl-2/Bak protein ratio. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3032-9. [PMID: 22721979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to isolate strawberry (SP) and mulberry fruit polysaccharides (MP) and assess their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse primary macrophages. Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine levels secreted by LPS-stimulated macrophages cultured with SP and MP for 48 h were determined using ELISA method to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of SP and MP. The Bcl-2/Bak (anti-/pro-apoptotic) protein levels in the cells were determined using Western blotting method to evaluate anti-apoptotic effects of SP and MP. The results showed that the maximum absorption peak of SP and MP appeared at 240 nm with a small shoulder around 280∼310 nm, suggesting that SP and MP might be glycoproteins. SP- and MP-treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was markedly increased, suggesting that SP and MP have anti-inflammation potential via modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles. Both SP and MP modulated Bak and Bcl-2 protein levels in the cells, suggesting that the SP and MP protected LPS-stimulated macrophages from apoptotic cell death. A negative correlation between cytokine secretion levels and Bcl-2 protein levels suggested that pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines decreased Bcl-2 levels in the LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Jung Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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