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Marcano-Gómez EC, de Souza ABF, Machado-Junior PA, Rodríguez-Herrera AJ, Castro TDF, da Silva SPG, Vieira RG, Talvani A, Nogueira KDOPC, de Oliveira LAM, Bezerra FS. N-acetylcysteine modulates redox imbalance and inflammation in macrophages and mice exposed to formaldehyde. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:444-459. [PMID: 37987619 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2284636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cells and mice exposed to formaldehyde. For the in vitro study, J774A.1 macrophages cells were incubated for 8, 16 and 24 h with formaldehyde or NAC to assess cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups: control (CG), vehicle (VG) that received saline by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to formaldehyde 1% (FG) and formaldehyde exposed groups that received NAC at doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg (FN100, FN150 and FN200) for a period of 5 days. In vitro, formaldehyde promoted a decrease in cell viability and increased ROS, while NAC reduced formaldehyde-induced ROS production. Animals exposed to formaldehyde presented higher leukocyte counts in the blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and promoted secretion of inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-15, and IL-10. The exposure to formaldehyde also promoted redox imbalance and oxidative damage characterized by increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as it increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. NAC administration after formaldehyde exposure attenuated oxidative stress markers, secretion of inflammatory mediators and lung inflammation. In conclusion, both in in vitro and in vivo models, NAC administration exerted protective effects, which modulated the inflammatory response and redox imbalance, thus preventing the development airway injury induced by formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cecilia Marcano-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jazel Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ramony Gonzaga Vieira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho Nogueira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Laser Antônio Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Mohammed N, Ahmed SA, Hegazy NI, Kashishy K. Ameliorative effects of hesperidin and N-acetylcysteine against formaldehyde-induced-hemato- and genotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:992-1002. [PMID: 34733484 PMCID: PMC8557673 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hemato- and genotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) and the possible mitigating role of hesperidin (HP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), each alone and in combination. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were divided into eight equal groups; the study was conducted for 8 weeks; Group I (negative control: received no medication), Group II (positive control: received distilled water), Group III (received HP 50 mg/kg/day), Group IV (received NAC 50 mg/kg/day), Group V (received FA 10 mg/kg/day), Group VI (FA + HP), Group VII (FA + NAC), and Group VIII (FA + HP + NAC). Groups VI, VII, VIII received the same previously mentioned doses and for the same duration. All treatments were given by intraperitoneal administration. At the end of the study, complete blood count, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and genotoxicity by comet assay in the bone marrow of treated rats were assessed. FA administration caused significant hematotoxicity represented by elevated white blood cell numbers and serum malondialdehyde levels and reduced red blood cell numbers, platelets, and serum superoxide dismutase values. Histologically, it induced an increase in fat cell numbers in bone marrow tissue with a widening of marrow spaces and decreased cellularity of hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes, and granulocytes. FA exposure significantly decreased immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, whereas the immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase was increased. Genotoxicity, as measured by comet assay, revealed a significant increase in comet% and tail length in FA-treated group when compared with other groups. The cotreatment with HP and NAC revealed their ability to protect against hematological changes, oxidative damage, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes, and genotoxicity induced by FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagah I Hegazy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Kamal Kashishy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Bernardini L, Barbosa E, Charão MF, Goethel G, Muller D, Bau C, Steffens NA, Santos Stein C, Moresco RN, Garcia SC, Souza Vencato M, Brucker N. Oxidative damage, inflammation, genotoxic effect, and global DNA methylation caused by inhalation of formaldehyde and the purpose of melatonin. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:778-789. [PMID: 33447362 PMCID: PMC7786178 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) exposure has been proven to increase the risk of asthma and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate for 28 days the FA inhalation effects on oxidative stress, inflammation process, genotoxicity, and global DNA methylation in mice as well as to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin. For that, analyses were performed on lung, liver and kidney tissues, blood, and bone marrow. Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to measure inflammatory parameters. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PCO), non-protein thiols (NPSH), catalase activity (CAT), comet assay, micronuclei (MN), and global methylation were determined. The exposure to 5-ppm FA resulted in oxidative damage to the lung, presenting a significant increase in TBARS and NO levels and a decrease in NPSH levels, besides an increase in inflammatory cells recruited for bronchoalveolar lavage. Likewise, in the liver tissue, the exposure to 5-ppm FA increased TBARS and PCO levels and decreased NPSH levels. In addition, FA significantly induced DNA damage, evidenced by the increase of % tail moment and MN frequency. The pretreatment of mice exposed to FA applying melatonin improved inflammatory and oxidative damage in lung and liver tissues and attenuated MN formation in bone marrow cells. The pulmonary histological study reinforced the results observed in biochemical parameters, demonstrating the potential beneficial role of melatonin. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FA exposure with repeated doses might induce oxidative damage, inflammatory, and genotoxic effects, and melatonin minimized the toxic effects caused by FA inhalation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barbosa
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Goethel
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Diana Muller
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Claiton Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Arnold Steffens
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santos Stein
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Souza Vencato
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Bernardini L, Barbosa E, Charão MF, Brucker N. Formaldehyde toxicity reports from in vitro and in vivo studies: a review and updated data. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:972-984. [PMID: 32686516 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1795190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a xenobiotic air pollutant and its universal distribution causes a widespread exposure to humans. This review aimed to bring updated information concerning FA toxicity in humans and animals based on in vitro and in vivo studies from 2013 to 2019. Researches were carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to determine the effects of FA exposure on inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in experimental studies with animals (rats and mice) and humans. Besides, in vitro studies assessing FA cytotoxicity focusing on cell viability and apoptosis in different cell line cultures were reviewed. Studies with humans gave evidence regarding significant deleterious effects on health associated to chronic FA occupational exposure. Evaluations carried out in experimental studies showed toxic effects on different organs as lung, upper respiratory tract, bone marrow and brain as well as in cells. In summary, this study demonstrates that knowing the mechanisms underlying FA toxicity is essential to understand the deleterious effects that this xenobiotic causes on biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barbosa
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Yu Y, Liu X, Lei Y, Zhou S, Jin S, Qian D, Xie X, Yin F, Wang C. Anti-parasitic effects and toxicity of formalin on the parasite Mesanophrys sp. of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Exp Parasitol 2020; 212:107886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yu G, Zhang Y, Liu S, Fan L, Yang Y, Huang Y, Song J. Small interfering RNA targeting of peroxiredoxinⅡ gene enhances formaldehyde-induced toxicity in bone marrow cells isolated from BALB/c mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:89-95. [PMID: 31176251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUDS Formaldehyde (FA) is an important chemicals that can induce sick house syndrome and may be an incentive of childhood leukemia, however the exact mechanism is unclear. Oxidative stress may be an underlying reason of cancer occurring, while diverse antioxidants can protect the bone marrow cells (BMCs) from damaged. PeroxiredoxinⅡ (PrxⅡ) is an important member of the peroxiredoxin family, can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS), and is closely related with the occurrence of tumor. The present study aimed to detect a possible relationship between PrxⅡ gene and FA-induced bone marrow toxicity. METHODS The BMCs were taken out from BALB/c mice, then exposed to control and different doses of FA (50, 100, 200 μmol/L). The cell viability, ROS level and expressions of PrxⅡ gene were examined. Afterwards, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the expression of PrxⅡ gene, and chose 100 μmol/L FA for exposure dose, to examine the cell viability, ROS level, cell cycle, apoptotic rate, expressions of PrxⅡ gene in BMCs. RESULTS After a 24 h exposure to different doses of FA, the cell viability, expressions of PrxⅡ gene were decreased with the increasing of FA concentration, while the ROS level was increased. Inhibiting PrxⅡ gene's expression could enhance above FA-induced events. Additionally, siRNA targeting of PrxⅡcould aggravate cell cycle arrest to inhibit cell's growth and development, as well as increase apoptotic rates induced by FA. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PrxⅡ gene was involved in FA-induced bone marrow toxicity, and siRNA targeting of PrxⅡcould enhance this toxic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Yu
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
| | - Shimeng Liu
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
| | - Lida Fan
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
| | - Yixue Yang
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
| | - Yulu Huang
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130021, China
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SERPINB2 is a novel indicator of stem cell toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:724. [PMID: 29925837 PMCID: PMC6010432 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological evaluation of potential drug candidates is very important in the preclinical phase of drug development. Toxic materials may cause serious decline in stem cell function and loss of stemness. Indeed, we found that toxic exposure more profoundly suppressed the growth of stem cells than terminally differentiated fibroblasts. Importantly, toxic exposure suppressed stem cell migration and multi-lineage differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, early-response genes involved in stem cell properties such as self-renewal and differentiation capabilities can be used as specific markers to predict toxicity. In the present study, we also identified a labile toxic response gene, SERPINB2, which is significantly increased in response to various toxic agents in human stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, self-renewal, migration, and multi-lineage differentiation potential were markedly decreased following SERPINB2 overexpression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the functions of SERPINB2 on the regenerative potential of stem cells in response to various existing chemicals, and the findings will facilitate the development of promising toxicity test platforms for newly developed chemicals.
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Corrêa NCR, Kuligovski C, Paschoal ACC, Abud APR, Rebelatto CLK, Leite LMB, Senegaglia AC, Dallagiovanna B, Aguiar AMD. Human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) as cellular substrates of a toxicity prediction assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hodjat M, Rezvanfar MA, Abdollahi M. A systematic review on the role of environmental toxicants in stem cells aging. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:298-308. [PMID: 26582272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are an important target for environmental toxicants. As they are the main source for replenishing of organs in the body, any changes in their normal function could affect the regenerative potential of organs, leading to the appearance of age-related disease and acceleration of the aging process. Environmental toxicants could exert their adverse effect on stem cell function via multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, resulting in changes in the stem cell differentiation fate and cell transformation, and reduced self-renewal capacity, as well as induction of stress-induced cellular senescence. The present review focuses on the effect of environmental toxicants on stem cell function associated with the aging process. We categorized environmental toxicants according to their preferred molecular mechanism of action on stem cells, including changes in genomic, epigenomic, and proteomic levels and enhancing oxidative stress. Pesticides, tobacco smoke, radiation and heavy metals are well-studied toxicants that cause stem cell dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress. Transgenerational epigenetic changes are the most important effects of a variety of toxicants on germ cells and embryos that are heritable and could affect health in the next several generations. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of toxicant-induced stem cell aging will help us to develop therapeutic intervention strategies against environmental aging. Meanwhile, more efforts are required to find the direct in vivo relationship between adverse effect of environmental toxicants and stem cell aging, leading to organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hodjat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Toxicology & Poisoning Research Center (TPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Toxicology & Poisoning Research Center (TPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Toxicology & Poisoning Research Center (TPRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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