Jones AM, Carter-Harris L, Stiffler D, Macy JT, Staten LK, Shieh C. Smoking Status and Symptoms of Depression During and After Pregnancy Among Low-Income Women.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2020;
49:361-372. [PMID:
32561271 DOI:
10.1016/j.jogn.2020.05.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe the point prevalence rates, relapse rates, smoking status, and symptoms of depression and to examine the relationship between smoking status and symptoms of depression from early pregnancy to 12 months after childbirth among low-income women.
DESIGN
Secondary data analysis.
SETTING
Data from the national Nurse-Family Partnership program.
PARTICIPANTS
Women who were enrolled in the national Nurse-Family Partnership program between 2011 and 2016 with histories of smoking 3 months before pregnancy (N = 1,554).
METHODS
We used smoking status and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and 12 months after childbirth to identify point prevalence rates, relapse rates, smoking status, and symptoms of depression. We used chi-square and additional analyses to examine the relationship between smoking status and symptoms of depression.
RESULTS
The prevalence of smoking was 30.12% (n = 468) in early pregnancy, 24.39% (n = 379) in late pregnancy, and 50.58% (n = 786) 12 months after childbirth. Prevalence rates of a positive depression screening result were 30.31% (n = 471), 20.46% (n = 318), and 18.08% (n = 281), respectively. Smoking relapse rates were 2.45% (n = 38) during the third trimester and 27.86% (n = 433) at 12 months after childbirth. Eight distinct patterns of smoking and depression were identified. Women who smoked were significantly more likely to also have positive depression screening results during the third trimester and at 12 months after childbirth compared with nonsmoking women (OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [1.04, 1.81] and OR = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [1.47, 2.51], respectively).
CONCLUSION
Prevalence rates of smoking, relapse, and positive depression screening results were great in this sample of low-income women during and after pregnancy. Pivotal time points exist where the trajectory of smoking and depression screening patterns may change. It is important for smoking cessation interventions to incorporate mental health assessment and treatment.
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