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Yadav S, Deepika, Moar K, Kumar A, Khola N, Pant A, Kakde GS, Maurya PK. Reconsidering red blood cells as the diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2400019. [PMID: 38822416 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) are usually considered simple cells and transporters of gases to tissues. HYPOTHESIS However, recent research has suggested that RBCs may have diagnostic potential in major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge on changes in RBC in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other NDDs. It discusses the deposition of neuronal proteins like amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein, polyamines, changes in the proteins of RBCs like band-3, membrane transporter proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and altered metabolic pathways in RBCs during neurodegeneration. It also highlights the comparison of RBC diagnostic markers to other in-market diagnoses and discusses the challenges in utilizing RBCs as diagnostic tools, such as the need for standardized protocols and further validation studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The evidence suggests that RBCs have diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders, and this study can pave the foundation for further research which may lead to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Nikhila Khola
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ganseh S Kakde
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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Schneider TR, Stöckli L, Felbecker A, Nirmalraj PN. Protein fibril aggregation on red blood cells: a potential biomarker to distinguish neurodegenerative diseases from healthy aging. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae180. [PMID: 38873003 PMCID: PMC11170662 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins into fibrils in the brain. Atomic force microscopy is a nanoscale imaging technique that can be used to resolve and quantify protein aggregates from oligomers to fibrils. Recently, we characterized protein fibrillar aggregates adsorbed on the surface of red blood cells with atomic force microscopy from patients with neurocognitive disorders, suggesting a novel Alzheimer's disease biomarker. However, the age association of fibril deposits on red blood cells has not yet been studied in detail in healthy adults. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to visualize and quantify fibril coverage on red blood cells in 50 healthy adults and 37 memory clinic patients. Fibrillar protein deposits sporadically appeared in healthy individuals but were much more prevalent in patients with neurodegenerative disease, especially those with Alzheimer's disease as confirmed by positive CSF amyloid beta 1-42/1-40 ratios. The prevalence of fibrils on the red blood cell surface did not significantly correlate with age in either healthy individuals or Alzheimer's disease patients. The overlap in fibril prevalence on red blood cells between Alzheimer's disease and amyloid-negative patients suggests that fibril deposition on red blood cells could occur in various neurodegenerative diseases. Quantifying red blood cell protein fibril morphology and prevalence on red blood cells could serve as a sensitive biomarker for neurodegeneration, distinguishing between healthy individuals and those with neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies that combine atomic force microscopy with immunofluorescence techniques in larger-scale studies could further identify the chemical nature of these fibrils, paving the way for a comprehensive, non-invasive biomarker platform for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Stöckli
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Felbecker
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
| | - Peter Niraj Nirmalraj
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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Arendash GW, Lin X, Cao C. Enhanced Brain Clearance of Tau and Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease Patients by Transcranial Radiofrequency Wave Treatment: A Central Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S223-S241. [PMID: 39177605 PMCID: PMC11380279 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Background While drainage/removal of fluid and toxins from the brain by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) directly into venous blood is well-known, a second drainage route has recently been (re)discovered-meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs)-which are responsible for up to half of total brain fluid/toxin drainage. The cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases mLV diameter and numbers to increase mLV drainage, resulting in increased mLV drainage. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by low plasma and CSF levels of VEGF. Objective To determine if non-invasive transcranial radiofrequency wave treatment (TRFT), through modulation of VEGF levels in blood and CSF, can affect removal of toxins tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) from the brain. Methods Eight mild/moderate AD subjects were given twice-daily 1-hour TRFT sessions at home by their caregivers. Blood and CSF samples were taken at baseline and following completion of 2 months of TRFT. Results In plasma and/or CSF, strong baseline correlations between VEGF levels and AD markers (t-tau, p-tau, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42) were eliminated by TRFT. This effect was primarily due to TRFT-induced increases in VEGF levels in AD subjects with low or unmeasurable "baseline" VEGF levels. These increased VEGF levels were associated with increased clearance/drainage of tau and Aβ from the brain, likely through VEGF's actions on mLVs. Conclusions A new mechanism of TRFT is identified (facilitation of brain tau and Aβ clearance via VEGF) that is likely contributory to TRFT's reversal of cognitive impairment in AD subjects. TRFT may be particularly effective for cognitive benefit in AD subjects who have low VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Arendash
- RF Longevity, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- NeuroEM Therapeutics, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA
- MegaNano Biotech, Tampa, FL, USA
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Zhang H, Zhang K, Zhang QS, Wang L, Gao YH, Xu GY, Long D, Wang H, Hu Y. A peptidic network antibody inhibits both angiogenesis and inflammatory response. J Control Release 2023; 362:715-725. [PMID: 37699470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a global threat to human health. Traditional anti-angiogenesis agent may have therapy effect, while the inflammation in disease area remains unsolved. Herein, we reported two binding-induced fibrillogenesis (BIF) peptides as peptidic network antibodies for high-efficient and long-lasting anti-angiogenesis with reduced inflammatory response. BIF peptides could self-assemble into nanoparticles and further perform BIF behavior through binding Ca2+. In vitro, the migration of integrin αvβ3 highly expressed endothelial cells was inhibited by BIF peptides. In vivo, one BIF peptide (0.012 mg/Kg) exhibited higher anti-angiogenesis effect than monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (0.96 mg/Kg) in a CNV rabbit model on day 14, despite that the dose of BIF was only 1.3% of bevacizumab. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response, such as PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in CNV was successfully inhibited as well. The peptidic network antibody could block integrin αvβ3 via a long-term retention mode, which led to long-term therapeutic effect. The study provides BIF peptides as promising therapeutic agents for both anti-angiogenesis and reduced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Shi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Yang Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Da Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Taneva SG, Todinova S, Andreeva T. Morphometric and Nanomechanical Screening of Peripheral Blood Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy for Label-Free Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14296. [PMID: 37762599 PMCID: PMC10531602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are complex, multifactorial disorders with significant social and economic impact in today's society. NDDs are predicted to become the second-most common cause of death in the next few decades due to an increase in life expectancy but also to a lack of early diagnosis and mainly symptomatic treatment. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there are yet no reliable biomarkers identifying the complex pathways contributing to these pathologies. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and new therapies, together with the identification of non-invasive and more cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers, is one of the main trends in NDD biomedical research. Here we summarize data on peripheral biomarkers, biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma), and peripheral blood cells (platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs)), reported so far for the three most common NDDs-Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLTs and RBCs, beyond their primary physiological functions, are increasingly recognized as valuable sources of biomarkers for NDDs. Special attention is given to the morphological and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs as biophysical markers for the three pathologies. Modifications of the surface nanostructure and morphometric and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs from patients with AD, PD, and ALS have been revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is currently experiencing rapid and widespread adoption in biomedicine and clinical medicine, in particular for early diagnostics of various medical conditions. AFM is a unique instrument without an analog, allowing the generation of three-dimensional cell images with extremely high spatial resolution at near-atomic scale, which are complemented by insights into the mechanical properties of cells and subcellular structures. Data demonstrate that AFM can distinguish between the three pathologies and the normal, healthy state. The specific PLT and RBC signatures can serve as biomarkers in combination with the currently used diagnostic tools. We highlight the strong correlation of the morphological and nanomechanical signatures between RBCs and PLTs in PD, ALS, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka G. Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Tonya Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, D-72762 Reutlingen, Germany
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Wang M, Chen X, Niu L, Xu J, Yu H, Xu X, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Le W. APP swe /PS1 ΔE9 mice exhibit low oxygen saturation and alterations of erythrocytes preceding the neuropathology and cognitive deficiency during Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1889-1897. [PMID: 36883266 PMCID: PMC10546960 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The molecular mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies remains unclear. The brain is extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation, and brief interruptions in oxygen supply may lead to permanent brain damage. The objective here was to access the red blood cell (RBC) physiological alterations and the changes in blood oxygen saturation of an AD model as well as to explore the possible mechanism underlying these pathologies. METHODS We used female APPswe /PS1ΔE9 mice as AD models. Data were collected at the age of 3, 6, and 9 months. In addition to examining classic features of AD, namely cognitive deficiency and Aβ depositions, 24 h blood oxygen saturation was monitored by Plus oximeters in real time. In addition, RBC physiological parameters were measured by blood cell counter using peripheral blood from the epicanthal veins. Furthermore, in the mechanism investigations, the expression of phosphorylated band 3 protein was examined by a series of Western blot analyses, and the levels of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 on the membrane of RBCs were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that the blood oxygen saturation in the AD mice was significantly reduced as early as at 3 months of age, preceding the neuropathological changes and cognitive impairments. Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylated band 3 protein and levels of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 were all elevated in the erythrocytes of the AD mice. CONCLUSION APPswe /PS1ΔE9 mice exhibited decreased oxygen saturation together with reduced RBC counts and hemoglobin concentrations at the early stage, which may aid in the development of predictive markers for AD diagnosis. The increased expression of band 3 protein and elevated Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels may contribute to the deformation of RBCs and, in turn, cause the subsequent AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Long Niu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jianli Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Qiu Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
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Piccarducci R, Caselli MC, Zappelli E, Ulivi L, Daniele S, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R, Mancuso M, Baldacci F, Martini C. The Role of Amyloid-β, Tau, and α-Synuclein Proteins as Putative Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1039-1049. [PMID: 35964181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) within brain blood vessels that develops in elderly people and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, the investigation of biomarkers able to differentiate CAA patients from AD patients and healthy controls (HC) is of great interest, in particular in peripheral fluids. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to detect the neurodegenerative disease (ND)-related protein (i.e., Aβ 1 - 40, Aβ 1 - 42, tau, and α-synuclein) levels in both red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma of CAA patients and HC, evaluating their role as putative peripheral biomarkers for CAA. METHODS For this purpose, the proteins' concentration was quantified in RBCs and plasma by homemade immunoenzymatic assays in an exploratory cohort of 20 CAA patients and 20 HC. RESULTS The results highlighted a significant increase of Aβ 1 - 40 and α-synuclein concentrations in both RBCs and plasma of CAA patients, while higher Aβ 1 - 42 and t-tau levels were detected only in RBCs of CAA individuals compared to HC. Moreover, Aβ 1 - 42/Aβ 1 - 40 ratio increased in RBCs and decreased in plasma of CAA patients. The role of these proteins as candidate peripheral biomarkers easily measurable with a blood sample in CAA needs to be confirmed in larger studies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide evidence concerning the possible use of blood biomarkers for contributing to CAA diagnosis and differentiation from other NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Caselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Ulivi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Pearce AM, Marr C, Dewar M, Gow AJ. Apolipoprotein E Genotype Moderation of the Association Between Physical Activity and Brain Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815439. [PMID: 35153725 PMCID: PMC8833849 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Possession of one or two e4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Some evidence suggests that physical activity may benefit carriers of the e4 allele differently. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which assessed APOE differences in the association between physical activity and: lipid profile, Alzheimer's disease pathology, brain structure and brain function in healthy adults. Searches were carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsycInfo. Results Thirty studies were included from 4,896 papers screened. Carriers of the e4 allele gained the same benefit from physical activity as non-carriers on most outcomes. For brain activation, e4 carriers appeared to gain a greater benefit from physical activity on task-related and resting-state activation and resting-state functional connectivity compared to non-carriers. Post-hoc analysis identified possible compensatory mechanisms allowing e4 carriers to maintain cognitive function. Discussion Though there is evidence suggesting physical activity may benefit e4 carriers differently compared to non-carriers, this may vary by the specific brain health outcome, perhaps limited to brain activation. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms.
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Morphometry and Stiffness of Red Blood Cells—Signatures of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010227. [PMID: 35008653 PMCID: PMC8745649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are unique cells with the remarkable ability to deform, which is crucial for their oxygen transport function, and which can be significantly altered under pathophysiological conditions. Here we performed ultrastructural analysis of RBCs as a peripheral cell model, looking for specific signatures of the neurodegenerative pathologies (NDDs)—Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), utilizing atomic force (AFM) and conventional optical (OM) microscopy. We found significant differences in the morphology and stiffness of RBCs isolated from patients with the selected NDDs and those from healthy individuals. Neurodegenerative pathologies’ RBCs are characterized by a reduced abundance of biconcave discoid shape, lower surface roughness and a higher Young’s modulus, compared to healthy cells. Although reduced, the biconcave is still the predominant shape in ALS and AD cells, while the morphology of PD is dominated by crenate cells. The features of RBCs underwent a marked aging-induced transformation, which followed different aging pathways for NDDs and normal healthy states. It was found that the diameter, height and volume of the different cell shape types have different values for NDDs and healthy cells. Common and specific morphological signatures of the NDDs were identified.
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10
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Nirmalraj PN, Schneider T, Felbecker A. Spatial organization of protein aggregates on red blood cells as physical biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2137. [PMID: 34559561 PMCID: PMC8462905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying physical differences of protein aggregates implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in blood, could provide crucial information on disease stages. Here, red blood cells (RBCs) from 50 patients with neurocognitive complaints and 16 healthy individuals were profiled using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM measurements revealed patient age– and stage of neurocognitive disorder–dependent differences in size, shape, morphology, assembly, and prevalence of protein aggregates on RBCs, referred to as physical biomarkers. Crystals composed of fibrils were exclusively detected on RBCs for AD patients aged above 80 years. Fibril prevalence was negatively correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid (Aβ) 42/40 ratio and was observed to be higher in the Aβ-positive patient category. Using a cutoff of ≥40% fibril prevalence, the CSF Aβ status was classified with 88% accuracy (sensitivity 100%, specificity 73%). The merits and challenges in integrating physical biomarkers in AD diagnosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niraj Nirmalraj
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Felbecker
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen CH-9007, Switzerland
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Gaudreault R, Hervé V, van de Ven TGM, Mousseau N, Ramassamy C. Polyphenol-Peptide Interactions in Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Biosurface-Induced Aggregation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:33-55. [PMID: 33749653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, responsible for nearly two-thirds of all dementia cases. In this review, we report the potential AD treatment strategies focusing on natural polyphenol molecules (green chemistry) and more specifically on the inhibition of polyphenol-induced amyloid aggregation/disaggregation pathways: in bulk and on biosurfaces. We discuss how these pathways can potentially alter the structure at the early stages of AD, hence delaying the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. We also discuss multidisciplinary approaches, combining experimental and modelling methods, that can better characterize the biochemical and biophysical interactions between proteins and phenolic ligands. In addition to the surface-induced aggregation, which can occur on surfaces where protein can interact with other proteins and polyphenols, we suggest a new concept referred as "confinement stability". Here, on the contrary, the adsorption of Aβ and tau on biosurfaces other than Aβ- and tau-fibrils, e.g., red blood cells, can lead to confinement stability that minimizes the aggregation of Aβ and tau. Overall, these mechanisms may participate directly or indirectly in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases, by preventing protein self-association, slowing down the aggregation processes, and delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gaudreault
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Hervé
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Normand Mousseau
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Daniele S, Baldacci F, Piccarducci R, Palermo G, Giampietri L, Manca ML, Pietrobono D, Frosini D, Nicoletti V, Tognoni G, Giorgi FS, Lo Gerfo A, Petrozzi L, Cavallini C, Franzoni F, Ceravolo R, Siciliano G, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Bonuccelli U. α-Synuclein Heteromers in Red Blood Cells of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:885-893. [PMID: 33579836 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) contain the majority of α-synuclein (α-syn) in blood, representing an interesting model for studying the peripheral pathological alterations proved in neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of total α-syn, amyloid-β (Aβ1-42), tau, and their heteroaggregates in RBCs of Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS By the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, RBCs concentrations of total α-syn, Aβ1-42, tau, and their heteroaggregates (α-syn/Aβ1-42 and α-syn/tau) were measured in 27 individuals with LBD (Parkinson's disease dementia, n = 17; dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 10), 51 individuals with AD (AD dementia, n = 37; prodromal AD, n = 14), and HC (n = 60). RESULTS The total α-syn and tau concentrations as well as α-syn/tau heterodimers were significantly lower in the LBD group and the AD group compared with HC, whereas α-syn/Aβ1-42 concentrations were significantly lower in the AD dementia group only. RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers had a higher diagnostic accuracy for differentiating patients with LBD versus HC (AUROC = 0.80). CONCLUSION RBC α-syn heteromers may be useful for differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias (LBD and AD) and HC. In particular, RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers have demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating LBD from HC. However, they are not consistently different between LBD and AD. Our findings also suggest that α-syn, Aβ1-42, and tau interact in vivo to promote the aggregation and accumulation of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Linda Giampietri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicoletti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Liu L, Chen X, Chen YH, Zhang K. Identification of Circular RNA hsa_Circ_0003391 in Peripheral Blood Is Potentially Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:601965. [PMID: 33424579 PMCID: PMC7793744 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.601965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been discovered as a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA that may regulate gene expression in mammals. In the central nervous system (CNS), circRNAs are relevant to many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we attempted to identify an aberrant circRNA, hsa_circ_0003391, which is significantly downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with AD, and to explore the relationship between hsa_circ_0003391 and the clinical manifestation of AD. The expression of hsa_circ_0003391 had a specific decrease in the peripheral blood of patients with AD compared to those with other types of dementia. To evaluate the potential diagnostic value of the circRNA, we performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.7283 for hsa_circ_0003391, which was statistically significant. The natural form of hsa_circ_0003391 in the peripheral blood was a loop structure with good stability. We found a potential correlation between the expression of hsa_circ_0003391 and the clinical manifestations of AD. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to predict the latent target microRNAs (miRNA) of hsa_circ_0003391. Furthermore, microRNAs targeted by hsa_circ_0003391 were successfully detected, and miR-574-5p had an expected elevation in the AD groups, suggesting that miR-574-5p might be a potential microRNA target for hsa_circ_0003391. Our results suggest that the downregulation of hsa_circ_0003391 in the peripheral blood has a potential relationship with AD. Our findings not only provide an important latent biomarker but also highlight an important perspective for the following study into AD pathogenesis. This may promote the process of novel therapeutics targeting non-coding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, China.,Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Erythrocytes as markers of oxidative stress related pathologies. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111333. [PMID: 32814082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are deeply sensitive cells and important health indicators. During inflammatory response RBC, as a part of haematological system, are exposed to circulating inflammatory mediators and related oxidative stress. They present a highly specialized and organized cell membrane that interacts with inflammatory mediators and oxidative agents, leading to a variety of structural changes that promptly signal an abnormal situation. This review is aimed to provide an overview on erythrocyte involvement in physiological and pathological processes related to oxidative stress, such as aging, Down syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, for instance Alzheimer Disease, erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. In particular this review will focus on the effects of oxidative stress on structural changes in the cell membrane and also on in the activity of erythrocyte enzymes such as membrane-bound, cytosolic glycohydrolases and RBC-eNOS. This review also underlines the potential clinical application of erythrocyte specific related parameters, which can be important tools not only for the study but also for the monitoring of several oxidative stress related diseases.
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15
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Activation of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signaling in Erythrocytes of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 433:36-41. [PMID: 32156551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia affecting older people. The identification of biomarkers is increasingly important and would be crucial for future therapy. Here, we demonstrated that in AD erythrocytes: (i) the anion transporter band3 is highly phosphorylated; (ii) the lyn kinase is phosphorylated and activated; (iii) the tyrosine phosphatase activity is downregulated, with a significant inverse correlation between band3 phosphorylation and disease progression, as revealed by Mini Mental State Examination score. Finally, we showed that in normal erythrocytes, treated in vitro with Aβ1-42 peptide, both band3 phosphorylation and lyn activation occurs. These results suggest that modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation signaling may be evaluated as a potential peripheral marker in AD.
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16
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Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Misiti F. Amyloid β peptide affects erythrocyte morphology: Role of intracellular signaling pathways. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:437-449. [PMID: 31156152 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating red blood cells (RBCs) undergo aging, a fundamental physiological phenomenon that regulates their turnover. OBJECTIVE Understanding the role of Aβ in the cross talk between cell signalling pathways and modulation of the cell structural and biomechanical properties occurring in RBCs during aging. METHODS The morphological pattern has been monitored using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and measuring the RBCs' plasma membrane roughness employed as a morphological parameter capable to provide information on the structure and integrity of the membrane-skeleton. RESULTS We show that treatment with Aβ accelerates the occurrence of morphological and biochemical aging markers in human RBC and influences the cell metabolism. Biochemical data demonstrate that contemporaneously to morphological alterations, Aβ triggers: (i) metabolic alterations and (ii) a complex signaling pathway involving caspase 3, protein kinase C and nitric oxide derived metabolites. CONCLUSIONS our study provides a comprehensive picture in which Aβ treatment of RBC induces changes in specific cell signalling events and/or metabolic pathways, in turns affecting the membrane-cytoskeleton interaction and the membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dinarelli
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Human, Social and Health Department, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, V. S. Angelo, Loc. Folcara, Cassino (FR), Italy
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17
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Kucheryavykh LY, Ortiz-Rivera J, Kucheryavykh YV, Zayas-Santiago A, Diaz-Garcia A, Inyushin MY. Accumulation of Innate Amyloid Beta Peptide in Glioblastoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102482. [PMID: 31137462 PMCID: PMC6567111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostaining with specific antibodies has shown that innate amyloid beta (Aβ) is accumulated naturally in glioma tumors and nearby blood vessels in a mouse model of glioma. In immunofluorescence images, Aβ peptide coincides with glioma cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have shown that Aβ peptide is enriched in the membrane protein fraction of tumor cells. ELISAs have also confirmed that the Aβ(1–40) peptide is enriched in glioma tumor areas relative to healthy brain areas. Thioflavin staining revealed that at least some amyloid is present in glioma tumors in aggregated forms. We may suggest that the presence of aggregated amyloid in glioma tumors together with the presence of Aβ immunofluorescence coinciding with glioma cells and the nearby vasculature imply that the source of Aβ peptides in glioma can be systemic Aβ from blood vessels, but this question remains unresolved and needs additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Y Kucheryavykh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Jescelica Ortiz-Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Yuriy V Kucheryavykh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Amanda Diaz-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
| | - Mikhail Y Inyushin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, USA.
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18
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Molochkina EM, Treshchenkova YA. The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterases from Different Sources. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Potential Diagnostic Value of Red Blood Cells α-Synuclein Heteroaggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6451-6459. [PMID: 30826968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of complex misfolded protein combinations have been found in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains besides the classical pathological hallmarks. Recently, α-synuclein (α-syn) and its heterocomplexes with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. These pathological features are not limited to the brain, but can be also found in peripheral fluids. In this respect, red blood cells (RBCs) have been suggested as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of neurodegeneration. Our aim is to find whether RBC concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) were different in AD patients compared with healthy controls (HC). The levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of α-syn, Aβ and tau, were analyzed in a cohort of AD patients at early stage either with dementia or prodromal symptoms (N = 39) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 39). All AD patients received a biomarker-based diagnosis (low cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ peptide combined with high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of total tau and/or phospho-tau proteins; alternatively, a positivity to cerebral amyloid-PET scan). Our results showed lower concentrations of α-syn and its heterocomplexes (i.e., α-syn/Aβ and α-syn/tau) in RBCs of AD patients with respect to HC. RBC α-syn/Aβ as well as RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers discriminated AD participants from HC with fair accuracy, whereas RBC α-syn concentrations differentiated poorly the two groups. Although additional investigations are required, these data suggest α-syn heteroaggregates in RBCs as potential tool in the diagnostic work-up of early AD diagnosis.
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20
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Carelli-Alinovi C, Dinarelli S, Sampaolese B, Misiti F, Girasole M. Morphological changes induced in erythrocyte by amyloid beta peptide and glucose depletion: A combined atomic force microscopy and biochemical study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:236-244. [PMID: 30040926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating red blood cells (RBCs) undergo aging, a fundamental physiological phenomenon that regulates their turnover. We show that treatment with beta amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ) accelerates the occurrence of morphological and biochemical aging markers in human RBCs and influences the cell metabolism leading to intracellular ATP depletion. The morphological pattern has been monitored using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and measuring the RBCs' plasma membrane roughness employed as a morphological parameter capable to provide information on the structure and integrity of the membrane-skeleton. Results evidence that Aβ boosts the development of crenatures and proto-spicules simultaneously to acceleration in the weakening of the cell-cytoskeleton contacts and to the induction of peculiar nanoscale features on the cell membrane. Incubation in the presence of glucose can remove all but the latter Aβ-induced effects. Biochemical data demonstrate that contemporaneously to morphological and structural alterations, Aβ and glucose depletion trigger a complex signaling pathway involving caspase 3, protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide derived metabolites. As a whole, the collected data revealed that, the damaging path induced by Aβ in RBC provide a sequence of morphological and functional intermediates following one another along RBC life span, including: (i) an acceleration in the development of shape alteration typically observed along the RBC's aging; (ii) the development of characteristic membrane features on the plasma membrane and (iii) triggering a complex signaling pathway involving caspase 3, PKC and nitric oxide derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Carelli-Alinovi
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Catholic University, School of Medicine, L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Institute for the Structure of the Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition (ICRM), National Research Council (CNR), L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Human, Social and Health Department, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, V. S. Angelo, Loc. Folcara, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Marco Girasole
- Institute for the Structure of the Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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21
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Amyloid Beta Peptide Is Released during Thrombosis in the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061705. [PMID: 29890636 PMCID: PMC6032379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is known that amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are found in different tissues of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals, there remain questions about the physiological role of these deposits, the origin of the Aβ peptide, and the mechanisms of its localization to the tissues. Using immunostaining with specific antibodies, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, this study demonstrated Aβ40 peptide accumulation in the skin during local experimental photothrombosis in mice. Specifically, Aβ peptide accumulation was concentrated near the dermal blood vessels in thrombotic skin. It was also studied whether the released peptide affects microorganisms. Application of Aβ40 (4 µM) to the external membrane of yeast cells significantly increased membrane conductance with no visible effect on mouse host cells. The results suggest that Aβ release in the skin is related to skin injury and thrombosis, and occurs along with clotting whenever skin is damaged. These results support the proposition that Aβ release during thrombosis serves as part of a natural defense against infection.
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22
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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23
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Identification of post-translational modifications of Aβ peptide in platelet membranes from patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Wojsiat J, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wojda U. Search for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in blood cells: hypotheses-driven approach. Biomark Med 2017; 11:917-931. [PMID: 28976776 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Stevenson A, Lopez D, Khoo P, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Exploring Erythrocytes as Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:845-857. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stevenson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dianne Lopez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Khoo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rajesh N. Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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26
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Chen SH, Bu XL, Jin WS, Shen LL, Wang J, Zhuang ZQ, Zhang T, Zeng F, Yao XQ, Zhou HD, Wang YJ. Altered peripheral profile of blood cells in Alzheimer disease: A hospital-based case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6843. [PMID: 28538375 PMCID: PMC5457855 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) has been made a global priority for its multifactorial pathogenesis and lack of disease-modifying therapies. We sought to investigate the changes of profile of blood routine in AD and its correlation with the disease severity.In all, 92 AD patients and 84 age and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled and their profiles of blood routine were evaluated.Alzheimer disease patients had increased levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width-standard deviation, mean platelet volume,and decreased levels of platelet distribution width, red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, and basophil compared with normal controls.Alterations in quantity and quality of blood cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD and contribute to the disease progression.
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27
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Diagnostic value of blood thiamine metabolites in Alzheimer's disease examined by 11C-PiB PET scanning. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO172. [PMID: 28670464 PMCID: PMC5481811 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the diagnostic value of blood thiamine metabolites for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using positron emission tomography with 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB PET) scanning. METHODS Thirty-eight clinically diagnosed AD patients were voluntarily recruited. Blood thiamine metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. All the patients received 11C-PiB PET scanning for the measurement of cerebral amyloid deposition. RESULTS Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) had 66.7% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity for AD diagnosis, while the γ-value representing the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age had 24.2% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity according to the cut-off value of our previous study. CONCLUSION Blood TDP but not γ-value exhibited results significant for AD diagnosis.
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Milovanovic M, Nilsson S, Winblad B, Jelic V, Behbahani H, Shahnaz T, Oweling M, Järemo P. Inverse relationship between erythrocyte size and platelet reactivity in elderly. Platelets 2016; 28:182-186. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1206196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Milovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department of Social and Welfare, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S. Nilsson
- Primary Health Care and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - B. Winblad
- Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Geriatric Clinic, Clinical Trial Unit, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V. Jelic
- Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Geriatric Clinic, Clinical Trial Unit, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H. Behbahani
- Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T. Shahnaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M. Oweling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - P. Järemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Yamashita S, Kiko T, Fujiwara H, Hashimoto M, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Furukawa K, Arai H, Miyazawa T. Alterations in the Levels of Amyloid-β, Phospholipid Hydroperoxide, and Plasmalogen in the Blood of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Interactions between Amyloid-β and These Lipids. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 50:527-37. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kiko
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Carelli-Alinovi C, Giardina B, Misiti F. Amyloid beta peptide (1-42)-mediated antioxidant imbalance is associated with activation of protein kinase C in red blood cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:196-201. [PMID: 25914333 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in red blood cell (RBC) are modulated by the cell oxygenation state. This metabolic modulation is connected to variations in intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced form (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels as a function of the oxygenation state of the cell, and, consequently, it should have physiologic relevance. In the present study, we analysed the effects of amyloid beta peptide (1-42) (Abeta) on RBC metabolism and its relationship with the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). Our results showed that metabolic response to Abeta depended on the degree of cell oxygenation. In particular, under high O2 pressure, in Abeta-treated RBC, glucose metabolized through PPP approached that metabolized by RBC under low O2 pressure, differently to that observed in untreated cells. The effect of Abeta on RBC metabolism was paralleled by increase in PKC enzyme activity, but cytosolic Ca2+ concentration does not seem to be involved in this mechanism. Incubation of Abeta-treated RBC with a specific inhibitor of PKC partially restores PPP flux. A possible rationalization of the different metabolic behaviours shown by RBC following Abeta treatment is proposed. It takes into account the known post-translational modifications to cytoskeleton proteins induced by PKC. The reduction in PPP flux may lead to a weakened defence system of antioxidant reserve in RBC, becoming a source of reactive species, and, consequently, its typical, structural and functional features are lost. Therefore, oxidative stress may outflow from the RBC and trigger damage events in adjacent cells and tissue, thus contributing to vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Carelli-Alinovi
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Giardina
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
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