1
|
De Raedt S, De Groote M, Martens H, Velghe A, Van Den Noortgate N, Piers R. Will-to-Live and Self-Rated Health in Older Hospitalized Patients Are Not Predictive for Short-Term Mortality. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:376-382. [PMID: 37948556 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-assessed will-to-live and self-rated health are associated with long-term survival in community-dwelling older persons but have not been examined in frailer older patients in relation to short-term prognosis. The aim was to explore whether will-to-live and self-rated health are predictive for six-month mortality and can guide ceiling of treatment decisions in hospitalized patients in an acute geriatric ward. We included the Surprise Question as reference, being a well-established clinical tool for short-term prognostication. Methods: This multicentric prospective study included patients of 75 years and older admitted at acute geriatric wards of two Belgian hospitals. Will-to-live and self-rated health were scored on a Likert scale (0-5, 0-4) and assessed by junior geriatricians. The senior geriatricians answered the Surprise Question for clinical judgment of prognosis. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine diagnostic accuracy. For time-dependent analysis, Cox regression was performed with adjustment for age and gender. Results: Of 93 included patients in the study, 69 were still alive after six months and 24 died, resulting in a six-month mortality of 26%. The mean age was 86 years (range 75-100), 67% of the patients were women. Median will-to-live and self-rated health were 3 (moderate and good). Both will-to-live and self-rated health were not predictive for six-month mortality (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.496, p = 0.951 for will-to-live; 0.447, p = 0.442 for self-rated health) as opposed to Surprise Question (AUC 0.793, p < 0.001). After correction for sex and age, the hazard ratio of six-month mortality was 0.92 for will-to-live (p = 0.667), 0.86 for self-rated health (p = 0.548), and 10.28 for Surprise Question (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Will-to-live and self-rated health are not predictive for six-month mortality in patients admitted to the acute geriatric ward, unlike prognostic tools such as Surprise Question. Clinical Trial Registration Number: B670202100792.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soetkin De Raedt
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie De Groote
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Han Martens
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Velghe
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth Piers
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Groote M, De Raedt S, Van Humbeeck L, Van Hoeyweghen R, Nobels A, Van Den Noortgate N, Piers R. How strong is the will-to-live in frail older persons? A survey study in acute geriatric wards and nursing homes in Belgium. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:302-306. [PMID: 37534457 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2242302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Will-to-live is defined as the psychological expression of one's commitment to life and the desire to continue living. It is an important indicator of subjective wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the will-to-live in frail older hospitalized patients and nursing home residents as well as to evaluate its association with physical frailty, tiredness of life, depression and wish-to-die. METHODS Between March and September 2021, we interviewed 186 older adults in six nursing homes and two acute geriatric wards across Belgium. Will-to-live was assessed using a single-item numeric rating scale from 0 to 5. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between will-to-live and frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale) with adjustment for age, gender and setting. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the association between will-to-live and depression, tiredness of life and wish-to-die. RESULTS Mean age was 85 (± 6.2) years. Mean score on the Clinical Frailty Scale was five (± 1.5) and four on the will-to-live (± 1.3). No statistical significant association was found between will-to-live and age (p = 0.991), gender (p = 0.272), setting (p = 0.627) and frailty (p = 0.629). Multiple linear regression showed no significant association with Clinical Frailty Scale (p = 0.660), after adjustment for age, gender and setting. Will-to-live was negatively associated with tiredness of life (p = 0.020) and wish-to-die (p < 0.001), but not with depression (p = 0.186). DISCUSSION Both nursing home residents and older hospitalized patients expressed a strong or very strong will-to-live. Will-to-live was not associated with physical frailty as measured by the Clinical Frailty Scale. Nursing home residents with a weak will-to-live were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Most nursing home residents with a wish-to-die had also a low will-to-live, although some residents had both a high will-to-live and wish-to-die.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie De Groote
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Soetkin De Raedt
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Anne Nobels
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth Piers
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Escourrou E, Laurent S, Leroux J, Oustric S, Gardette V. The shift from old age to very old age: an analysis of the perception of aging among older people. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:3. [PMID: 35331144 PMCID: PMC8753908 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The oldest-old (individuals over 90 years) are a fast-growing population. Understanding the perceptions of older people about very old age is the first step towards developing optimal geriatric care for an aging population. This study aimed to explore the potential shift from old age to very old age through the exploration of older people’s perception of aging.
Methods
Qualitative study conducted through individual interviews in the homes of older people. We voluntarily chose to include persons a decade under and above 90 years old to explore other factors than age that could participate in the shift from old age to very old age. The sampling was theoretical. We carried out the analyses using an inductive approach based on the phases of grounded theory. The researchers used triangulation. Collection was concluded when theoretical saturation was reached.
Results
Fourteen participants were interviewed. The shift from old age to very old age was not based on age but occurred when participants became conscious of the irreversibility of aging and its effects, and when they started living day-by-day, renouncing to any plan in a near future. The transition to very old age seemed to be preceded by a progressive disengagement from non-essentials activities. Participants reported a sensation of progressive social exclusion due to the loss of contemporaries or spouse, the difficulty to connect with younger generations or the absence of relationships in their neighborhood. The last step of life was feared, not because of the idea of death itself but because of the associated suffering and loss of autonomy.
Conclusion
Precipitating and slowing factors of the shift to very old age were identified to help general practitioners support older patients throughout their life trajectories.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hjort Telhede E, Arvidsson S, Karlsson S. Nursing staff's experiences of how weighted blankets influence resident's in nursing homes expressions of health. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 17:2009203. [PMID: 34904541 PMCID: PMC8740773 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.2009203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The most common treatment for resident’s health problems is pharmacological. Little research has been done on how an intervention with a non-pharmacological method, such as a weighted blanket, Through the nursing staff view, we can learn how weighted blankets influence resident’s health in nursing homes. The aim of this study was to explore nursing staff’s experiences of how an intervention with weighted blankets influenced resident’s expressions of health. Methods The study had a descriptive qualitative design with semi-structured interviews with 20 nursing staff working in nursing homes, and an inductive content analysis was applied. Results The nursing staff expressed that the weighted blanket positively influenced resident’s health in the areas of sleep, physical activity, and psychological behaviour. The weighted blanket made them fall asleep faster, sleep was uninterrupted andthey felt more rested in the morning. The nursing staff observed an increased level of activity as the resident became more energetic . The nursing staff also experienced reduced negative psychological behaviours like anxiety and worrying. Conclusion This study indicated that the weighted blanket changed the health expression of resident in several crucial areas. Deep pressure treatment indicates an alternative health-improved treatment for resident in nursing homes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susann Arvidsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rupprecht FS, Martin K, Lang FR. Aging-related fears and their associations with ideal life expectancy. Eur J Ageing 2021; 19:587-597. [PMID: 34840544 PMCID: PMC8607224 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fears regarding various aspects tend to stimulate individuals to escape or to avoid the sources of the threat. We concluded that fears associated with the future aging process, like the fear of aging-related diseases, the fear of loneliness in old age, and the fear of death, would stimulate patterns of avoidance when it comes to ideal life expectancy. We expected fear of aging-related diseases and fear of loneliness in old age to be related to lower ideal life expectancies. We expected fear of death to be related to higher ideal life expectancies. In two adult lifespan samples [N1 = 1065 and N2 = 591; ages ranging from 18 to 95 years, M (SD)1 = 58.1 (17.2) years, M (SD)2 = 52.6 (18.1) years], we were able to support our hypothesis regarding fear of death. We furthermore found significant interactions among the fears, indicating that individuals fearing diseases or loneliness but being unafraid of death opted for the shortest lives. Our results indicate that fears regarding life in very old age might be associated with the wish to avoid this age period; the fear of death was however associated with the wish for particularly long lives, and thus, with distancing oneself from the dreaded event of death. We conclude that fears seem to be associated with how individuals approach old age and with what they wish for in their own future as aged people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S Rupprecht
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kobergerstr. 62, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Martin
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kobergerstr. 62, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Frieder R Lang
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kobergerstr. 62, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ericson H, Quennerstedt M, Geidne S. Physical activity as a health resource: a cross-sectional survey applying a salutogenic approach to what older adults consider meaningful in organised physical activity initiatives. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:858-874. [PMID: 34650835 PMCID: PMC8510608 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1986400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Examine health resources that physically active older adults consider meaningful when participating in physical activity initiatives. Health resources are protective factors, including attitudes, knowledge, material factors or social support, that potentially enable people to understand and make sense of their lives or to cope with life stressors. Design and main outcome measures A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with two questionnaires used to serve as a compiled ‘ageing well’ survey: the Salutogenic Physical Activity Health Resources Questionnaire (SPAHRQ) and the short form of the Sense of Coherence questionnaire, SOC-13. Results The study included 372 participants ranging from 60 to 96 years of age (mean age: 74.4 ± 7 years; 60% women). Social relations, positive energy, the habit of exercising and embodied satisfaction were considered important by more than 70% of the participants. Social relations were the most meaningful health resource for both men and women (89%). Women rated positive energy as a significantly more important consequence of their participation in physical activity than men (W 88%, M 72%; p = .001). The three health resources that were considered less important were capability in and about physical activity, self-worth and identity as an exercising person. Those who were more physically active considered social relations, self-worth and the habit of exercising to a higher extent. Participants with higher sense of coherence consider the habit of exercising to a greater extent to be important. Conclusions Findings that social relations, positive energy, the habit of exercising and embodied satisfaction were considered important by more than 70% of the participants, can contribute to a wider understanding of health resources that older adults consider meaningful in their participation in organised physical activity initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ericson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Quennerstedt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanna Geidne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Araújo L, Teixeira L, Afonso RM, Ribeiro O. To Live or Die: What to Wish at 100 Years and Older. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726621. [PMID: 34566812 PMCID: PMC8460866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that will to live is a strong predictor for survival among older people, irrespective of age, gender, and comorbidities. However, research on whether life at age 100 is perceived as worth living is limited. The available literature has presented evidence for good levels of positive attitudes and life satisfaction at such an advanced age, but it has also suggested that a longing for death is common. This study aimed to add to the existing data on this matter by exploring centenarians' will to live and the associated factors. The sample comprised 121 centenarians (mean age, 101 years; SD, 1.63 years), 19 (15.7%) of whom were males, from two centenarian studies (PT100). Answers to open questions were analyzed to identify the centenarians' will to live and the reasons behind it. Three groups were created (willing to live longer, not willing to live longer, no clear positioning) and further analyzed in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, health status, social functioning, and well-being. Of the total sample, 31.4% expressed willingness to live longer, 30.6% did not, and 38% presented no clear positioning. The presence of the Catholic religion (God) was referred for centenarians in all three groups. Annoyance, uselessness, loss of meaning, disconnection, and loneliness were the most common justifications for being reluctant to live longer. Positive valuation of life and good self-rated health, followed by having a confidant and reduced pain frequency, were the factors associated with being willing to live longer. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the psychological functioning of individuals with exceptional longevity, particularly concerning the factors behind willingness to live at such an advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Araújo
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto-Aveiro, Portugal.,Department Psychology and Educational Sciences, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto-Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Marina Afonso
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto-Aveiro, Portugal.,Department Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto-Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hajek A, König HH. Do lonely and socially isolated individuals think they die earlier? The link between loneliness, social isolation and expectations of longevity based on a nationally representative sample. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:571-576. [PMID: 33966322 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation both have been linked to morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of studies investigating whether these factors are associated with expectations of longevity. Therefore, we aimed to clarify this association. METHODS Cross-sectional data were taken from a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older individuals (analytical sample, n = 4857). Well-established scales were used to measure loneliness and social isolation. Equally to other large cohort studies, expectations of longevity were assessed using the question 'What age do you think you will live to?' It was adjusted for various socioeconomic and health-related factors. RESULTS After adjusting for various socioeconomic and health-related covariates, multiple linear regressions showed that both loneliness (total sample: β = -0.97, P < 0.001; men: β = -1.04, P < 0.001; women: β = -0.97, P < 0.01) and social isolation (total sample: β = -0.93, P < 0.001; men: β = -0.86, P < 0.001; women: β = -0.91, P < 0.01) were associated with lower expectations of longevity in the total sample and stratified by gender. Furthermore, lower expectations of longevity were consistently associated with younger age (β = 0.32, P < 0.001), being retired (β = -2.39, P < 0.001), not being employed (β = -1.97, P < 0.001), worse self-rated health (β = -1.31, P < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic illnesses (β = -0.38, P < 0.001) in the total sample, and in both genders. CONCLUSIONS Even after adjusting for various covariates, findings still indicate an association between both loneliness and social isolation and markedly lower expectations of longevity. Future studies based on longitudinal data are required to gain further insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Centre for Health Economics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Centre for Health Economics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hajek A, König HH. Do Loneliness and Perceived Social Isolation Reduce Expected Longevity and Increase the Frequency of Dealing with Death and Dying? Longitudinal Findings based on a Nationally Representative Sample. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1720-1725.e5. [PMID: 33971163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness and social isolation are important factors for morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about whether increases in loneliness and perceived social isolation contribute to decreased expectations of longevity and an increased frequency of dealing with death and dying. Consequently, our aim was to clarify these relationships. DESIGN Longitudinal data were derived from a nationally representative sample of individuals ≥40 years (analytical sample, n=7952 observations). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling individuals aged ≥40 years. METHODS Loneliness and perceived social isolation were both measured using well-established tools. In accordance with other large cohort studies, the expectations of longevity were assessed using the question "What age do you think you will live to?" Moreover, the frequency of dealing with death and dying (from 1 = never to 5 = very often) served as outcome measure. In regression analysis, it was adjusted for several sociodemographic and health-related factors. RESULTS Fixed effects regressions showed that both increases in loneliness (β = -0.99, P < .001) and in perceived social isolation (β = -0.59, P < .05) were associated with decreases in expectations of longevity. Furthermore, both loneliness [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.02, P < .05] and perceived social isolation (IRR = 1.02, P < .05) were associated with increases in the frequency of dealing with death and dying. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Beyond the impact of various covariates, findings still point to a longitudinal association between both perceived social isolation and loneliness and lower expectations of longevity as well as an increased frequency of dealing with death and dying. Efforts in reducing loneliness and perceived social isolation can contribute to increased expected longevity and a decreased frequency of dealing with death and dying which ultimately can contribute to longevity in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Verstraten CCJMM, Metzelthin SF, Schoonhoven L, Schuurmans MJ, de Man-van Ginkel JM. Optimizing patients' functional status during daily nursing care interventions: A systematic review. Res Nurs Health 2020; 43:478-488. [PMID: 32829518 PMCID: PMC7540410 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients often experience a functional decline due to physical inactivity during illness. Nurses can influence the physical activity of patients while assisting them with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to identify effective interventions that are embedded in daily nursing care (irrespective of care setting) that aim to optimize the functional status of patients by increasing their physical activity. A systematic review was performed and reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for studies from January 2002 to March 2019. The critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Study characteristics, intervention key components, and reported effects of included studies were extracted, summarized narratively, and compared. Twenty studies, evaluating nine different interventions were included. In these interventions, eight key components were identified. Four components were included in all six interventions with a positive effect on mobility, physical activity, or functional status. These components were: assessment of patient's functionality; goal setting with the patient; establishment of an individualized plan; and engagement of patients in physical and daily activity. The effects were limited due to the risk of bias in the studies, small sample sizes, limited clinical meaning of the effects, and variability of the adherence to the interventions. Multicomponent interventions were the most promising to enhance the functional status of patients. Future research should evaluate these interventions using research methods aiming at producing more rigorous evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolien C J M M Verstraten
- Department of Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silke F Metzelthin
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Schoonhoven
- Department of Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marieke J Schuurmans
- Education Center, UMC Utrecht Academy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke M de Man-van Ginkel
- Department of Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Escourrou E, Durrieu F, Chicoulaa B, Dupouy J, Oustric S, Andrieu S, Gardette V. Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:58. [PMID: 32220228 PMCID: PMC7099824 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The oldest old (individuals over 90 years) are a fast-growing population. Characterizing their specificity would be helpful to adapt health care. This study aimed to characterize the cognitive, functional, nutritional, and physical status of individuals over 90. Methods We conducted a systematic review of cross-sectional or cohort studies of individuals aged 90 years old or more, living at home or in a nursing home, in April 2018. Two reviewers selected eligible articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias (assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). Results The search strategy identified 3086 references; 35 articles were included referring to 8 cross-sectional and 27 longitudinal studies. Dementia was diagnosed in 30–42.9% of study participants, cognitive impairment in 12–50%, and 31–65% had no cognitive impairment. In terms of activities of daily living, 14–72.6% of individuals had no difficulty, 35.6–38% had difficulty, and 14.4–55.5% were dependent. For instrumental activities of daily living, 20–67.9% needed help. Regarding nutritional status, the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form mean score ranged from 10.3 (SD: 1.8) to 11.1 (SD: 2.4). Eight to 32% of individuals could not stand up from a chair, 19–47% could stand without the use of their arms; and 12.9–15% were not able to walk 4 m. Conclusions These results suggest a heterogeneous population with a certain proportion of oldest old with a low level of disability. These findings suggest that a specific approach in the care of the oldest old could help prevent disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile Escourrou
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. .,UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. .,Maison de Santé Pluri Professionnelle Universitaire La Providence, 1 avenue Louis Blériot, 31500, Toulouse, France.
| | - Florence Durrieu
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Chicoulaa
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Dupouy
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Oustric
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Maison de Santé Pluri Professionnelle Universitaire La Providence, 1 avenue Louis Blériot, 31500, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Service d'épidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Gardette
- UMR 1027 INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Service d'épidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hausknecht S, Low LF, O’Loughlin K, McNab J, Clemson L. Older Adults’ Self-Perceptions of Aging and Being Older: A Scoping Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 60:e524-e534. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Older adults’ self-perceptions of aging and being older can influence well-being and quality of life. This systematic scoping review aimed to map out current research on older adults’ self-perceptions of aging and being older.
Research Design and Methods
The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. A total of 5,037 records were identified (duplicates removed). After screening, a final 148 papers were included. Descriptives, including year of publication, methodology, age, gender, and location of participants, were calculated. Thematic analyses were conducted examining ways in which the topic was conceptualized.
Results
The most frequent method used in the research was quantitative. Participants were from 38 different countries. There were more female participants than male. Seven themes representing the main research emphasis emerged: attitudes towards one’s own aging (n = 48), aging well (n = 23), aging stereotypes, self-stigma (n = 23), construction of aging identities (n = 22), subjective age (n = 18), the aging body (n = 8), and future self-views (n = 6).
Discussion and Implications
The research within these themes approach self-perceptions of aging using varying points of reference for what participants compare their age to. The methods used to illicit aging perspectives held their own assumptions about aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hausknecht
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate O’Loughlin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin McNab
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lang FR, Rupprecht FS. Motivation for Longevity Across the Life Span: An Emerging Issue. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz014. [PMID: 31240268 PMCID: PMC6585880 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, increases in life expectancy in most modern societies have raised questions about whether and to what extent individuals value possible extensions of their personal lifetime. In this vein, a new field of research emerged that investigates the determinants, concomitants, and consequences of longevity values and personal preferences for an extended lifetime across adulthood. Based on a review of available theoretical and empirical work, we identified 3 mindsets on the challenges and potentials of human longevity common in research as well as personal views: (a) an essentialist mindset that builds on ideal principles of an infinite life, aimed at conquering or significantly postponing a biologically determined aging process, (b) a medicalist mindset that appraises aging as being primarily based on quality of health, and (c) a stoicist mindset that associates longevity and lifetime extension with the experience of grace and meaning. In this regard, we submit that motivation for longevity and its behavioral consequences differ depending on what mindsets individuals adopt in a given developmental context. We suggest that mindsets of longevity motivation are embedded in personal belief systems (e.g., death acceptance) that may depend on health, and on context influences (e.g., culture). Mindsets of longevity motivation may be related to differences in health behavior and late-life preparation. We illustrate such ideas with an exploratory analysis from a cross-cultural data set. We discuss the possible implications of these mindsets of longevity motivation for the aging sciences, and with regard to individual ways of approaching old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frieder R Lang
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Fiona S Rupprecht
- Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bölenius K, Lämås K, Sandman PO, Lindkvist M, Edvardsson D. Perceptions of self-determination and quality of life among Swedish home care recipients - a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:142. [PMID: 31126243 PMCID: PMC6534922 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is acknowledged that preservation of self-determination is very important in order for older adults to experience good quality of life, but to what degree and in what areas people receiving help from home care service experience self-determination is unknown. Few studies have examined the perception of self-determination in relation to quality of life among older adults living at home with help from home care services. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore perceptions of self-determination among older adults living at home with the support of home care services, and to test whether older adults who perceive a higher degree of self-determination also feel they have a better quality of life. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in one municipality in northern Sweden. A total of 134 older adults (≥ 65 years) were included. Data were collected by means of a survey including questionnaires about background characteristics, self-determination, and health-related quality of life. Descriptive statistics regarding background characteristics for groups with high and low self-determination respectively were presented and the differences between the groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Our main finding shows that the majority of older adults with support from home care services experience self-determination in the dimensions use of time, and self-care. However, a wide variation was found in self-reported self-determination in all dimensions. Results also show that the group with higher self-reported self-determination also reported a greater degree of experienced quality of life in comparison with the group with lower self-reported self-determination. Conclusions In line with earlier research, our results found a positive relation between self-determination and quality of life. The results are relevant for the care of older adults and indicate a need of further research. The results presented in this paper could serve as a guide when planning for improved self-determination among older adults in home care service. Trial registration NCT02846246.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bölenius
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Lämås
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Sandman
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Division of Caring Sciences, Depart Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Edvardsson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Botes R, Vermeulen KM, Gerber AM, Ranchor AV, Buskens E. Health-related quality of life and well-being health state values among Dutch oldest old. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:721-728. [PMID: 31190754 PMCID: PMC6522649 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s193171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Valuing hypothetical health states is a demanding personal process, since it involves the psychological evaluation of hypothetical health states. It seems plausible that elderly individuals will value hypothetical health states differently than the general population. It is, however, important to understand the psychological division that oldest old subgroups construct between acceptable and unacceptable health states. This information can produce important evidence regarding well-being and disability conceptualization. Objective: To investigate how Dutch oldest old, conceptualize health-related quality of life health states when compared to well-being health states. In addition, we aim to compare subgroups, based on dependency classification. Methods: Ninety-nine elderly living in the Groningen, Hoogeveen and Veendam areas of the Netherlands participated in the study. Respondents were classified into three groups based on dependency levels. The respondents were asked to value hypothetical health states, a generic preference-based HRQoL and a well-being instrument, using a visual analog scale. Results: All three groups ranked the same health states, from both questionnaires, below the average across the health states. The health-related quality of life health states was consistently ranked lower than the current well-being health states. Conclusions: Health state valuations performed by the oldest old indicate that conceptually, respondents view below average health-related and well-being health states as undesirable. The results indicated that the oldest old do view deficits in health-related health states as more important than deficits in well-being health states. Since the oldest old performed the valuations, focused interventions to improve below average health-related outcomes might be the most cost-effective way to increase oldest old well-being outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riaan Botes
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Riaan BotesDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen9700 RB, The NetherlandsTel +312 779 359 7351Email
| | - Karin M Vermeulen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonie M Gerber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Adelita V Ranchor
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Buskens
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Collard RM, Wassink-Vossen S, Schene AH, Naarding P, Verhaak P, Oude Voshaar RC, Comijs HC. Symptomatic and functional recovery in depression in later life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1071-1079. [PMID: 29923072 PMCID: PMC6182497 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional limitations give an indication of the total impact of diseases, such as depression, on individuals health and recovery. This study examines the change in several domains of functioning over 2 years in older persons depressed at baseline (non-remitted group and remitted group after 2 years) and in a non-depressed comparison group. METHODS Data were used from a cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons [NESDO]) consisting of depressed older persons ≥ 60 years (N = 378) and a non-depressed comparison group (N = 132) with 2 years of follow-up (attrition rate 24%). Functional limitations (outcome) were assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) questionnaire every 6 months. Total scores and domain scores were used. Depression was classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Severity of depression (predictor) was assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) at 6-month intervals. RESULTS Linear mixed models showed that the level of functional limitations differed between the three groups during 2 years of follow-up. The non-remitted group had the highest level of functional limitations during 2 years, followed by the remitted group. Stable low levels of functional limitations were found for the non-depressed group. Remission from depression was accompanied by improvements in functioning, however, compared to the non-depressed comparison group significant functional limitations remained. Higher severity of depression appeared as risk factor for a declining course of functioning, especially the social aspects of functioning. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Participants that were more severely depressed and more functionally impaired at baseline had higher attrition rates than the participants that were included in the analytical sample. CONCLUSION This study showed that depression in later life has long-term debilitating effects on functioning, enduring even after remission from depression. This implies that depression treatment in later life should aim broader than just symptomatic recovery, but also include functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Collard
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Naarding
- Department of Old-age Psychiatry, GGNet, Apeldoorn, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Verhaak
- Department General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, NIVEL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie C Comijs
- GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry/Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O'Neill
- Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|