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San Juan C, Appiah-Kubi L, Mitropoulos J, Thomson L, Demosthenous A, Kelly AM. Risk factors for older people re-presenting to the emergency department with falls: A case-control analysis. Emerg Med Australas 2024. [PMID: 39086015 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Falls are a leading cause for ED presentations among older adults. Existing secondary falls prevention interventions have not been shown to decrease fall-related ED re-presentation, indicating a need to better understand contributing factors. Our aim was to evaluate risk factors for fall re-presentations among the older patient population presenting to the ED. METHODS This is a single-centre case-control study. Cases were patients aged ≥65 years with two falls-related ED presentations within 6 months. Age- and sex-matched controls had a corresponding index, but no subsequent ED fall presentation. Data collected included falls risk factors and clinical features of the index presentation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between potential exposures and fall re-presentation. RESULTS A total of 300 patients (mean age 83.8 years) were studied. On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with ED fall re-presentation included increasing multimorbidity (P < 0.0001), increasing number of medications (P < 0.0001) and residing in residential aged care facility (RACF) (odds ratio [OR] 3.06, P < 0.001). No factors remained significant on multivariate analysis. Post-hoc analyses for the RACF subgroup showed that psychotropic medication use (OR 1.65, P = 0.04) and prior fall within 12 months (OR 2.68, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with re-presentation. Initial presentation with serious musculoskeletal injury was a significant protective factor (OR 0.21, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The present study failed to identify factors independently associated with ED fall re-presentation, suggesting that the factors are complex and inter-related. Two high-risk populations were identified - those from RACF and those initially presenting with falls not resulting in serious injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene San Juan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Appiah-Kubi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna Mitropoulos
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorne Thomson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anne-Maree Kelly
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Qian XX, Chau PH, Fong DYT, Ho M, Woo J. Identifying factors associated with post-hospital falls in older patients: a territory-wide cohort study. Public Health 2024; 235:1-7. [PMID: 39032191 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-hospital falls impose a substantial healthcare burden on older adults, yet contributing factors remain inadequately examined. This study aimed to investigate underinvestigated factors associated with post-hospital falls. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective territory-wide cohort study. METHODS We examined the electronic medical records of patients aged ≥65 who were discharged from public hospitals in Hong Kong (2007-2018). During the 12 months following discharge, participants were monitored to identify falls based on diagnosis codes or clinical notes from inpatient episodes, the emergency department (ED) visits, and death records. Falls were categorized into two groups: those only requiring ED visits and those requiring hospitalizations. Binary logistic and multinomial logistic regressions examined the associated factors for post-hospital falls and subcategories of falls, respectively. RESULTS Among 606,392 older patients, 28,593 (4.71%; 95% CI = 4.66%-4.77%) experienced falls within 12 months after discharge. Of those, 8438 (29.5%) only required ED visits, and 20,147 (70.5%) required hospitalizations. Discharge from non-surgical wards, length of stay over two weeks, receiving the Geriatric Day Hospital and Rehabilitation Day Program, advancing age, being female, having more comorbidities, taking more fall risk increasing drugs, previous admission for falls, and living in Hong Kong Island were associated with increased fall risk. Receiving allied health service or nurse service was associated with reduced risk. The same factors were more associated with falls requiring hospitalizations rather than falls only requiring ED visits. CONCLUSIONS Older patients with identified factors were particularly vulnerable to post-hospital falls leading to rehospitalizations. Fall risk assessment and tailored prevention should prioritize this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Qian
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P H Chau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - D Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Ho
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Morrow C, Schein R, Pramana G, McDonough C, Schmeler M. Falls in people with mobility limitations: a cross-sectional analysis of a US registry of assistive device users. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38958175 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2369654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the Article: To (1) summarise the personal and clinical characteristics of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in the US who were evaluated for mobility assistive equipment (MAE) in the functional mobility assessment and uniform dataset (FMA/UDS) and (2) stratify subpopulations of PwD who reported falling versus those who do not report a fall. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive cohort analysis of adults with disabilities using the FMA/UDS. Data are collected during a user's initial evaluation for a new mobility device. The sample is intentionally general to be inclusive of all mobility device users. The primary variable of interest was a patient-reported fall within the 3 months leading up to their evaluation for a new mobility device. Subpopulation characteristics were stratified by this binary fall variable. Results and Conclusions: This study provides descriptions of PwDs being evaluated for a new mobility device. There were 11,084 PwDs with 31 different primary diagnoses. During their new mobility device evaluation, 52.2% of PwDs reported at least one fall in the last 3 months. For those who reported a fall, 46.6% of PwDs were using a walking aid or no device at all before the new mobility device evaluation. Additionally, persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida). These findings will influence future studies comparing different types of devices and their influence on falls and user satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Morrow
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard Schein
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gede Pramana
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine McDonough
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Schmeler
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Curiati PK, Arruda MDS, Carpenter CR, Morinaga CV, Melo HMA, Avelino-Silva TJ, Aliberti MR. Predicting posthospitalization falls in Brazilian older adults: External validation of the Carpenter instrument. Acad Emerg Med 2024; 31:688-695. [PMID: 38450932 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to explore and externally validate the Carpenter instrument's efficacy in predicting postdischarge fall risk among older adults admitted to the emergency department (ED) for reasons other than falls or related injuries. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted on 779 patients aged ≥ 65 years from a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, who were monitored for up to 6 months post-ED hospitalization. The Carpenter instrument, which evaluates the four risk factors nonhealing foot sores, self-reported depression, inability to self-clip toenails, and prior falls, was utilized to assess fall risk. Follow-up by telephone occurred at 30, 90, and 180 days to identify falls and mortality. Fine-Gray models estimated the predictive power of Carpenter instrument for future falls, considering death as a competing event and sociodemographic factors, frail status, and clinical measures as confounders. RESULTS Among 779 patients, 68 (9%) experienced a fall within 180 days post-ED admission, and 88 (11%) died. The majority were male (54%), with a mean age of 79 years. Upon utilizing the Carpenter score, those with a higher fall risk (≥2 points) displayed more comorbidities, greater frailty, and increased clinical severity at baseline. Regression analyses showed that every additional point on the Carpenter score increased the hazard of falls by 73%. Two primary contributors to its predictive potential were identified: a history of falls in the preceding year and an inability to self-clip toenails. However, the instrument's discriminative accuracy was suboptimal, with an area under the curve of 0.62. CONCLUSIONS While the Carpenter instrument associated with a higher 6-month postadmission fall risk among older adults post-ED visit, its accuracy for individual patient decision making was limited. Given the significant impact of falls on health outcomes and health care costs, refining risk assessment tools remains essential. Future research should focus on enhancing these assessments and devising targeted proactive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro K Curiati
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Geriatric Center for Advanced Medicine, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Dos S Arruda
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Gerontology Post Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Pernambuco Federal University
| | | | - Christian V Morinaga
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo M A Melo
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Gerontology Post Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Pernambuco Federal University
| | - Thiago J Avelino-Silva
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Geriatric Center for Advanced Medicine, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlon R Aliberti
- Geriatric Emergency Department Research Group (ProAGE), Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Geriatric Center for Advanced Medicine, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Spalding K, Watson K, Tornatore G, Laracy S, Doig E. Pilot evaluation of a digital approach to occupational therapy home assessments: acceptability and efficiency compared with usual practice in a hospital. JBI Evid Implement 2024; 22:228-235. [PMID: 38651325 DOI: 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-discharge home assessments by occupational therapists facilitate safe and timely discharge from hospital and are associated with better health outcomes. Digital technology offers the potential to reduce duplication of documentation and improve communication and sharing of home assessment findings. OBJECTIVE This quality improvement project evaluated time-cost; clinician satisfaction and confidence; and acceptability of the use of a digital approach to home assessments. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional design was used to compare usual practice with the digital approach across two sub-acute wards in a large metropolitan hospital in Queensland, Australia. Time to document and conduct home assessments as well as clinician satisfaction and confidence were compared using descriptive statistics. Clinician perspectives about the home assessment approaches were collected through a survey and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Home assessment and documentation time were significantly lower for the home assessments conducted using the digital approach compared with usual practice assessments. Clinician satisfaction with using digital technology was higher. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of this simple technology reduced clinicians' time to conduct home assessments and document home assessment reports. The project was well received by occupational therapy clinicians. SPANISH ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Spalding
- Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kylie Watson
- Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Giovanna Tornatore
- Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sue Laracy
- Occupational Therapy Services, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Emmah Doig
- Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), Education and Research Alliance, Metro North Hospital and Health Service and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Kim E, Seol EM, Lee HJ. The Association of Body Mass Index on Falls Risk and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients of Different Old-Age Categories Requiring Nutritional Support. Clin Nutr Res 2024; 13:96-107. [PMID: 38784849 PMCID: PMC11109932 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition affect clinical outcomes in hospitalized old age patients, but the data on the related outcomes on the basis of different age categories are still limited. We aimed to investigate the interplay of associations among body mass index (BMI), falls risk, and mortality rate in different older adult patient age categories. This retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years who received artificial nutrition. Demographic, biochemical, and survival data were collected. BMI was evaluated using the World Health Organization BMI cutoffs for Asians, and patients were classified into high (≥ 23.0 kg/m2), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), and low (< 18.5 kg/m2) BMI groups. The Morse Fall Scale was used to assess falls risk. By age categories, all patients (n = 4,642) were divided into the 65-74 (n = 2,649) and ≥ 75 (n = 1,993) years age groups. We found that the proportion of low-BMI and high risk of falls increased with age. Further, low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk in both age groups. Overall survival rate tended to be lower in the low-BMI and ≥ 75 years group than that in other patient groups, but did not differ significantly compared with the low-BMI and 65-74 years group. Low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk and mortality; however, the association depended on specific patient age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Support Team, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Seol
- Department of Nutritional Support Team, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Ramirez-Fort MK, Kardoust-Parizi M, Flannigan R, Bach P, Koch N, Gilman C, Suarez P, Fort DV, McClelland S, Lange CS, Mulhall JP, Fort M, Schlegel PN. Preservation of male fertility in patients undergoing pelvic irradiation. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2024; 28:835-845. [PMID: 38515820 PMCID: PMC10954274 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.98731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As the number of cancer survivors increases, so does the demand for preserving male fertility after radiation. It is important for healthcare providers to understand the pathophysiology of radiation-induced testicular injury, the techniques of fertility preservation both before and during radiation, and their role in counseling patients on the risks to their fertility and the means of mitigating these risks. Impaired spermatogenesis is a known testicular toxicity of radiation in both the acute and the late settings, as rapidly dividing spermatogonial germ cells are exquisitely sensitive to irradiation. The threshold for spermatogonial injury and subsequent impairment in spermatogenesis is ~ 0.1 Gy and the severity of gonadal injury is highly dose-dependent. Total doses < 4 Gy may allow for recovery of spermatogenesis and fertility potential, but with larger doses, recovery may be protracted or impossible. All patients undergoing gonadotoxic radiation therapy should be counseled on the possibility of future infertility, offered the opportunity for semen cryopreservation, and offered referral to a fertility specialist. In addition to this, every effort should be made to shield the testes (if not expected to contain tumor) during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marigdalia K. Ramirez-Fort
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Kardoust-Parizi
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Phil Bach
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Koch
- Department of Medical Physics, CONE Health, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Casey Gilman
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paula Suarez
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Digna V. Fort
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Shearwood McClelland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Christopher S. Lange
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - John P. Mulhall
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Migdalia Fort
- Life Sciences & BioDefense, BioFort Corp, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Peter N. Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Bjerk M, Flottorp SA, Pripp AH, Øien H, Hansen TM, Foy R, Close J, Linnerud S, Brovold T, Solli R, Olsen NR, Skelton DA, Rydwik E, Helbostad JL, Idland G, Kvæl L, Vieira E, Taraldsen K. Tailored implementation of national recommendations on fall prevention among older adults in municipalities in Norway (FALLPREVENT trial): a study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial. Implement Sci 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38273325 PMCID: PMC10811923 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-024-01334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial research evidence indicating the effectiveness of a range of interventions to prevent falls, uptake into routine clinical practice has been limited by several implementation challenges. The complexity of fall prevention in municipality health care underlines the importance of flexible implementation strategies tailored both to general determinants of fall prevention and to local contexts. This cluster-randomised trial (RCT) investigates the effectiveness of a tailored intervention to implement national recommendations on fall prevention among older home-dwelling adults compared to usual practice on adherence to the recommendations in health professionals. METHODS Twenty-five municipalities from four regions in Norway will be randomised to intervention or control arms. Each municipality cluster will recruit up to 30 health professionals to participate in the study as responders. The tailored implementation intervention comprises four components: (1) identifying local structures for implementation, (2) establishing a resource team from different professions and levels, (3) promoting knowledge on implementation and fall prevention and (4) supporting the implementation process. Each of these components includes several implementation activities. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to categorise determinants of the implementation process and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) will guide the matching of barriers to implementation strategies. The primary outcome measure for the study will be health professionals' adherence to the national recommendations on fall prevention measured by a questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include injurious falls, the feasibility of the intervention, the experiences of the implementation process and intervention costs. Measurements will be carried out at baseline in August 2023, post-intervention in May 2024 and at a follow-up in November 2024. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness, intervention costs and underlying processes of change of tailored implementation of evidence-based fall prevention recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the Open Science Registry: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JQ9T5 . Registered: March 03, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bjerk
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway.
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Signe A Flottorp
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Øien
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonya Moen Hansen
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jacqueline Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, SESLHD, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Siv Linnerud
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Brovold
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Solli
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Rydland Olsen
- Department of Health and Functioning, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rydwik
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jorunn L Helbostad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gro Idland
- Agency for Health, Municipality of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Kvæl
- Department of Housing and Ageing Research, Norwegian Social Research - NOVA, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Edgar Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristin Taraldsen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
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Meulenbroeks I, Mercado C, Gates P, Nguyen A, Seaman K, Wabe N, Silva SM, Zheng WY, Debono D, Westbrook J. Effectiveness of fall prevention interventions in residential aged care and community settings: an umbrella review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38243175 PMCID: PMC10799511 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preventing falls is a priority for aged care providers. Research to date has focused on fall prevention strategies in single settings (e.g., residential aged care (RAC) or community settings). However, some aged care providers deliver care, including fall prevention interventions, across RAC and community settings. We conducted an umbrella review to identify what type of fall prevention interventions had the greatest impact on falls outcomes in RAC and community settings. METHODS Five databases were searched for systematic reviews of falls prevention randomised control trials in older adults living in the community or RAC. Data extracted included systematic review methods, population characteristics, intervention characteristics, setting details (RAC or community), and fall-related outcomes (falls, people who have had a fall, fall-related hospitalisations, and fall-related fractures). Review quality was appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 tool. RESULTS One-hundred and six systematic reviews were included; 63 and 19 of these stratified results by community and RAC settings respectively, the remainder looked at both settings. The most common intervention types discussed in reviews included 'exercise' (61%, n = 65), 'multifactorial' (two or more intervention types delivered together) (26%, n = 28), and 'vitamin D' (18%, n = 19). In RAC and community settings, 'exercise' interventions demonstrated the most consistent reduction in falls and people who have had a fall compared to other intervention types. 'Multifactorial' interventions were also beneficial in both settings however demonstrated more consistent reduction in falls and people who fall in RAC settings compared to community settings. 'Vitamin D' interventions may be beneficial in community-dwelling populations but not in RAC settings. It was not possible to stratify fall-related hospitalisation and fall-related fracture outcomes by setting due to limited number of RAC-specific reviews (n = 3 and 0 respectively). CONCLUSION 'Exercise' interventions may be the most appropriate falls prevention intervention for older adults in RAC and community settings as it is beneficial for multiple fall-related outcomes (falls, fall-related fractures, and people who have had a fall). Augmenting 'exercise' interventions to become 'multifactorial' interventions may also improve the incidence of falls in both settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meulenbroeks
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Crisostomo Mercado
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Peter Gates
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Nguyen
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karla Seaman
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Nasir Wabe
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Sandun M Silva
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Wu Yi Zheng
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah Debono
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanna Westbrook
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Rd North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
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Palonen M, Turja T, Castano de la Rosa R, Ilomäki S, Kaasalainen T, Kivimäki Rantanen K, Pelsmakers S, Ruusuvuori J, Valtonen A, Kaunonen M. Learning from fall-related interventions for older people at home: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:76-82. [PMID: 37713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aims to provide a better understanding about the fall-related interventions, and the conditions which stand out as effective in decreasing fall risks of older people at home. A total of 28 peer-reviewed papers were included when they reported interventions with an incidence of falls or fall-risk as a primary outcome for older people, focusing on the home environment, from 8 databases. Qualitative examination was complemented by quantitative risk ratio analysis where it was feasible. The interventions regarding incidence of falls had a mean risk rate of 0.75; moreover, interventions using multiple strategies were found relatively successful. The interventions regarding fall risk had a mean hazard rate of 0.66. A considerable number of no-effect ratios were evident. Combining education, home assessment or improvement, and use of technology with implementation by health service experts appears to be the most promising intervention strategy to reduce falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Palonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tuuli Turja
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sakari Ilomäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Kaasalainen
- Faculty of Built Environment, Unit of Architecture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sofie Pelsmakers
- Faculty of Built Environment, Unit of Architecture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ruusuvuori
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Valtonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; The Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, Hospital services, Tampere, Finland
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11
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Uchimura LYT, Figueiró MF, Silva DB, de Paiva LK, Chrispim PPM, Yonekura T. [Evidence of effectiveness of hospital transition care in the elderly: rapid systematic reviewEvidencia de la eficacia de la atención transitoria prestada a las personas mayores después de la hospitalización: revisión sistemática rápida]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e143. [PMID: 37829577 PMCID: PMC10566530 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of hospital transition care in the elderly to support decision-making. Method This rapid systematic review followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Studies were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases using the following criteria: focus on the elderly as population; provision of hospital transition care as intervention; care as usual (non-transition care) as comparator; and effectiveness of the presence vs. absence of transition care as the outcome, with effectiveness defined as improvement in any evaluated parameter. Systematic reviews published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with or without meta-analysis, that assessed hospital transition care in elderly individuals were included. Studies lacking a description of the intervention and target population were excluded. Results Of the 207 identified reviews, 18 were included. The studies were conducted in 21 countries, with 10 studies conducted in Europe and one in Brazil. The effectiveness of care for the elderly was demonstrated through increased adherence to medication regimens, reduced adverse events and medication-related errors, improved functional status, reduced falls, and reduced healthcare costs. Conclusions Despite the evidence indicating the effectiveness of hospital transition care, further research is needed to develop more robust indicators of clinical improvement and integration into healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denila Bueno Silva
- Pesquisadora independenteSão Paulo (SP)BrasilPesquisadora independente, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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12
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Qian XX, Chau PH, Fong DYT, Ho M, Woo J. Post-Hospital Falls Among the Older Population: The Temporal Pattern in Risk and Healthcare Burden. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1478-1483.e2. [PMID: 37591487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults are prone to falls following hospital discharge, resulting in healthcare utilization and costs. The fall risk might change over time after discharge. To fill research gaps in this area, this study examined the temporal pattern in incidence and healthcare burden of post-hospital falls in older adults. DESIGN A territory-wide retrospective cohort study was conducted. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were Hong Kong adults aged ≥65 years and discharged from hospitals between January 2007 and December 2017. METHODS The participants were followed for 12 months to identify fall-related inpatient episodes, accident and emergency department (AED) visits, and mortality after discharge. The post-hospital falls were further analyzed in 2 subcategories (1) only requiring AED visits and (2) requiring hospitalization. The incidence rate and faller incidence proportion for total falls and subcategories during the different periods were examined. The corresponding healthcare utilization and costs were calculated. RESULTS Among the 606,392 older adults discharged from hospitals during the study period, 28,593 individuals (4.7%) experienced at least 1 post-hospital fall within 12 months, resulting in a total of 33,158 falls (57 per 1000 person-years). Out of post-hospital falls presenting to hospitals, one-third only required AED visits, and two-thirds required hospitalization. The fall incidence rate peaked in the first 3 weeks after discharge and gradually decreased to a stable level from the fourth to ninth week. The annual healthcare costs related to post-hospital falls exceeded USD 28.9 million in older adults, with the mean cost per faller and fall being USD 11,129 and USD 9596. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The fall-related healthcare utilizations after discharge impose a substantial economic burden on older adults. During the first 9 weeks, particularly the first 3 weeks, older adults were at high risk of falling. The efforts on resource allocation for fall prevention are suggested to prioritize this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Qian
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Daniel Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Mozafaripour E, Sadati SKM, Najafi L, Zoghi M. The Effect of Motor Imaginary Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Balance in Middle-Aged Women with High Fall Risk: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:9680371. [PMID: 37035217 PMCID: PMC10081897 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9680371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The risk of falling and its subsequent injuries increases with aging. Impaired balance and gait are important contributing factors to the increased risk of falling. A wide range of methods was examined to improve balance, but these interventions might produce small effects or be inapplicable for this population. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of motor imaginary (MI) training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the cerebellum on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk. Methods. Thirty subjects aged 40-65 years old were divided into two groups including intervention (
) and sham control (
). The participants completed a 4-week program 3 times per week. The intervention group performed MI training combined with tDCS over the cerebellum, and the control group performed MI training combined with sham tDCS over the cerebellum. Static and dynamic balance were measured at baseline and after completing the 4-week program using balance error scoring system (BESS) and Y balance testing, respectively. Result. A one-way analysis of covariance and paired
-tests were used to analyze the data. Significant improvement was observed in both balance tests in the intervention group after the implementation of the 4-week intervention program compared to the control group. The within-group analysis showed that both static and dynamic balance improved significantly from the baseline values only in the intervention group (
) and not in the control group (
). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that MI training combined with tDCS over the cerebellum can lead to balance improvement in middle-aged women with high fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mozafaripour
- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Najafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Smith C, Seematter-Bagnoud L, Santos-Eggimann B, Krief H, Bula CJ. Executive function and prospective falls: a 6-year longitudinal study in community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36899323 PMCID: PMC10007810 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people with impaired executive function (EF) might have an increased fall risk, but prospective studies with prolonged follow-up are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between a) EF at baseline; b) 6-year decline in EF performance; and fall status 6 years later. METHODS Participants were 906 community-dwelling adults aged 65-69 years, enrolled in the Lausanne 65 + cohort. EF was measured at baseline and at 6 years using clock drawing test (CDT), verbal fluency (VF), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, and TMT ratio (TMT-B - TMT-A/TMT-A). EF decline was defined as clinically meaningful poorer performance at 6 years. Falls data were collected at 6 years using monthly calendars over 12 months. RESULTS Over 12-month follow-up, 13.0% of participants reported a single benign fall, and 20.2% serious (i.e., multiple and/or injurious) falls. In multivariable analysis, participants with worse TMT-B performance (adjusted Relative Risk Ratio, adjRRRTMT-B worst quintile = 0.38, 95%CI:0.19-0.75, p = .006) and worse TMT ratio (adjRRRTMT ratio worst quintile = 0.31, 95%CI:0.15-0.64, p = .001) were less likely to report a benign fall, whereas no significant association was observed with serious falls. In a subgroup analysis among fallers, participants with worse TMT-B (OR:1.86, 95%CI = 0.98-3.53, p = .059) and worse TMT ratio (OR:1.84,95%CI = 0.98-3.43,p = .057) tended to have higher odds of serious falls. EF decline was not associated to higher odds of falls. CONCLUSIONS Participants with worse EF were less likely to report a single benign fall at follow-up, while fallers with worse EF tended to report multiple and/or injurious falls more frequently. Future studies should investigate the role of slight EF impairment in provoking serious falls in active young-old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindi Smith
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Mont Paisible 16, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Mont Paisible 16, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Brigitte Santos-Eggimann
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helene Krief
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Mont Paisible 16, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe J Bula
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Mont Paisible 16, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Long S, Hu L, Luo Y, Li Y, Ding F. Incidence and risk factors of falls in older adults after discharge: A prospective study. Int J Nurs Sci 2022; 10:23-29. [PMID: 36860715 PMCID: PMC9969166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the incidence of falls and risk factors associated with falling in discharged older adults. Methods A prospective study was conducted on older adults who had been issued a discharge order in a Class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China, from May 2019 to August 2020. The risk of falling, depression, frailty, and daily activities were evaluated at discharge using the mandarin version of the fall risk self-assessment scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), FRAIL scale, and Barthel Index, respectively. The cumulative incidence function estimated the cumulative incidence of falls in older adults after discharge. And the risk factors of falls were explored using the sub-distribution hazard function in the competing risk model. Results In a total of 1,077 participants, the total cumulative incidence of falls at 1, 6 and 12 months after discharge was 4.45%, 9.03%, and 10.80%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of falls in older adults with depression (26.19%, 49.93%, and 58.53%, respectively) and those with physical frailty (21.59%, 41.67%, and 48.73%, respectively) was much higher than that in those without depression and physical frailty (P < 0.05). Depression, physical frailty, Barthel Index, length of hospital stay, re-hospitalization, being cared for by others, and the self-assessed risk of falling were directly associated with falls. Conclusions The incidence of falls among older adults discharged from the hospital has a cumulative effect with the lengthening of the discharge time. It is affected by several factors, especially depression and frailty. We should develop targeted intervention strategies to reduce falls for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Long
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangzhu Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fu Ding
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Corresponding author.
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16
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Naseri C, Haines TP, Morris ME, McPhail SM, Etherton-Beer C, Shorr R, Flicker L, Waldron N, Bulsara M, Hill AM. Factors Affecting Engagement of Older Adults in Exercise Following Hospitalization. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2022; 45:197-206. [PMID: 35905031 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exercise interventions can improve physical recovery and reduce falls in older adults following hospitalization. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with exercise engagement after hospital discharge. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 years and older, discharged from 3 rehabilitation hospitals in Australia, and followed for 6 months after discharge. The primary outcome was level of engagement in exercise after discharge, measured using setting, type, frequency, and time. A secondary outcome was self-efficacy for exercise at 6-month follow-up. Data were gathered at baseline in hospital and at 6 months after discharge by telephone using structured surveys. Associations between exercise and participant characteristics were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Participants' (n = 292) mean age was 78 (SD 8) years and 63% were female. There were 146 (50%) who exercised after hospitalization for a median (interquartile range) time of 60 (60-75) minutes per week. Characteristics that were significantly associated with post-discharge engagement in exercise were having higher levels of functional ability at discharge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4), living with a partner (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7, 4.9), and engagement in exercise prior to hospital admission (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0, 2.8). The mean self-efficacy for exercise score at 6 months post-discharge was 58.5/90 (SD 24.5). Characteristics that were significantly predictive of a higher mean self-efficacy score at 6 months after hospitalization were having a college or university education (adjusted β-coefficient [Adj β] 11.5, 95% CI 3.8, 19.0), exercise prior to hospital admission (Adj β 12.3, 95% CI 5.1, 19.5), living with a partner at discharge (Adj β 14.5, 95% CI 7.1, 21.9), and higher functional ability at discharge (Adj β 4.0, 95% CI 1.9, 6.1). CONCLUSION Older adults have low levels of engagement in exercise that might impact their recovery after hospitalization. During exercise prescription, clinicians should prioritize older adults who live alone, who have lower functional ability, and no previous habit of exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naseri
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meg E Morris
- Healthscope ARCH, Victorian Rehabilitation Centre, Glen Waverley, Australia.,College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven M McPhail
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Informatics Directorate, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ronald Shorr
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida.,College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Leon Flicker
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolas Waldron
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Armadale Health Service, Mount Nasura, and Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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17
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Wong YG, Hang JA, Francis-Coad J, Hill AM. Using comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults undertaking a facility-based transition care program to evaluate functional outcomes: a feasibility study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:598. [PMID: 35850671 PMCID: PMC9294817 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in a residential transition care setting to measure older adults' functional outcomes. METHODS A convenience sample of older adults (n = 10) and staff (n = 4) was recruited. The feasibility of using assessment tools that comprise a CGA to comprehensively measure function in physical, cognitive, social and emotional domains was evaluated pre- and post-rehabilitation. RESULTS 10 older adults (mean ± SD age = 78.9 ± 9.1, n = 6 male) completed a CGA performed using assessments across physical, cognitive, social and emotional domains. The CGA took 55.9 ± 7.3 min to complete. Staff found CGA using the selected assessment tools to be acceptable and suitable for the transition care population. Older adults found the procedure to be timely and 60% found the assessments easy to comprehend. Participating in CGA also assisted older adults in understanding their present state of health. The older adults demonstrated improvements across all assessed domains including functional mobility (de Morton Mobility Index; baseline 41.5 ± 23.0, discharge 55.0 ± 24.0, p = 0.01) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L; baseline 59.0 ± 21.7, discharge 78.0 ± 16.0, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating CGA to evaluate functional outcomes in transition care using a suite of assessment tools was feasible and enabled a holistic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Git Wong
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jo-Aine Hang
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Francis-Coad
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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18
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Bani Hassan E, Phu S, Vogrin S, Duque G. Appendicular and mid-thigh lean mass are associated with muscle strength, physical performance, and dynamic balance in older persons at high risk of falls. Gait Posture 2022; 93:90-95. [PMID: 35121486 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls in older persons are associated with muscle mass and strength alterations, which may also affect balance parameters. However, the most appropriate combined approach to assess muscle and balance components that predict falls in older persons is still lacking. RESEARCH QUESTION We hypothesized that appendicular lean and/or mid-thigh mass and muscle strength and performance are positively associated with balance indices and fall risk in older persons. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of retrospective data from 260 participants with risk and/or history of falls examined at a Falls and Fracture Clinic. Assessments included a comprehensive clinical exam, bone densitometry and body composition by DXA, grip strength, gait speed, posturography, timed up and go (TUG) and four-square step (FSST) tests. Retrospective falls and fracture history was collected. Associations between appendicular and mid-thigh lean mass and muscle strength/performance vs balance indicators were determined before and after adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 78 ± 6.7 (65-96) years. Both appendicular and mid-thigh lean masses corrected for BMI (but not for height2), and muscle strength and performance measures are associated with better dynamic balance. Conversely, static balance indicators showed less consistent associations with lean mass. Only TUG and sit to stand time consistently showed significant associations with most static balance indicators. SIGNIFICANCE Combined with strength and performance parameters, ALM and mid-thigh estimates adjusted by BMI strongly correlate with dynamic balance parameters and could become practical elements of falls risk assessment as well as markers of therapeutic response to falls prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Qian XX, Chen Z, Fong DYT, Ho M, Chau PH. Post-hospital falls incidence and risk factors among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6408804. [PMID: 34718373 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-hospital falls constitute a significant health concern for older adults who have been recently discharged from the hospital. OBJECTIVES To systematically summarise existing evidence on the incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls among older adults. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched to identify cohort studies investigating the incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls in older adults. The incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls were extracted. The meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled incidences and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The meta-regression and subgroup meta-analysis were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity in incidence proportions across the eligible studies. A qualitative synthesis was performed for the post-hospital falls risk factors. RESULTS Eighteen studies from eight countries (n = 9,080,568) were included. The pooled incidence proportion of any and recurrent post-hospital falls was 14% (95% CI: 13%-15%) and 10% (95% CI: 5%-14%), respectively. Follow-up period, study quality, study country, setting, percentage of female subjects, percentage of subjects with previous falls and the primary data collection method for falls significantly contributed to the 64.8% of the heterogeneity in incidence proportions. Twenty-six risk factors for post-hospital falls were identified in the eligible studies, where biological factors were the most commonly identified factors. The highest risks were reported for previous falls, previous fractures, delirium and neurological diseases. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested future post-hospital falls prevention should prioritise the needs of older adults with the dominant risk factors. Further investigations into the period-specific incidence and socioeconomic and environmental risk factors for post-hospital falls are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Qian
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Lu Fam, Hong Kong
| | - Zi Chen
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Lu Fam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Lu Fam, Hong Kong
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Lu Fam, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Lu Fam, Hong Kong
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20
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Harper KJ, Arendts G, Barton AD, Celenza A. Providing fall prevention services in the emergency department: Is it effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australas J Ageing 2021; 40:116-128. [PMID: 33605050 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of fall prevention services initiated in the emergency department (ED) to support patients after discharge. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Analysis of pooled data used random-effects modelling with results presented as a risk ratio (RR). RESULTS Eleven studies were identified (n = 4,018). The proportion of older adults who fell did not differ between the intervention and control groups (RR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82-1.06, I2 68%, P = 0.28). There was a significant (P = 0.01) reduction in the monthly rate of falling (RR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.91, I2 93%), fall-related injuries (RR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.88, I2 0%, P = 0.001), and hospital admissions (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90, I2 0%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS ED fall prevention services did not significantly reduce the proportion of older adults who had future falls. However, multifactorial intervention significantly reduced fall-related injuries and hospital admissions with low heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie J Harper
- Occupational Therapy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Glenn Arendts
- Emergency Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annette D Barton
- Occupational Therapy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Antonio Celenza
- Emergency Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Performance of the Hendrich Fall Risk Model II in Patients Discharged from Rehabilitation Wards. A Preliminary Study of Predictive Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041444. [PMID: 33557091 PMCID: PMC7913882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Falls are a dangerous adverse event in patients discharged from rehabilitation units, with the risk of falling being higher in the first weeks after discharge. In this study, we assessed the predictive performance of the Hendrich Fall Risk Model II tool (HIIFRM) when administered before discharging patients to their home from rehabilitative units in orthopedic (OR), neurologic (NR) and pulmonary (PR) rehabilitation wards. (2) Methods: Over a 6-month period, all adult patients who returned home after discharge were assessed by HIIFRM. At six months from discharge the occurrence of falls was obtained by performing a structured survey. The HIIFRM predictive performance was determined by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for the whole sample and split by ward. (3) Results: 85 of 141 discharged patients were living at home and agreed to take part in the survey. Of these, 19 subjects fell, 6 suffered fractures or head traumas and 5 were hospitalized. The AUC was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.656–0.963), Se was 0.67 (0.30–0.93) and Sp was 0.79 (0.63–0.90) for OR patients. (4) Conclusions: Our preliminary results support the use of HIIFRM as a tool to be administered to OR patients at discharge and provides data for the design of a large study of predictive ability.
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Di Lorito C, Long A, Byrne A, Harwood RH, Gladman JRF, Schneider S, Logan P, Bosco A, van der Wardt V. Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:29-47. [PMID: 32525097 PMCID: PMC7858023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented. We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of meta-analyses of exercise interventions in older adults. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria: (1) meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement (e.g., effect sizes) on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions; (2) participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+ or had a mean age of 70+; (3) meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise, including its duration, frequency, intensity, and mode of delivery; (4) interventions that included multiple components (e.g., exercise and cognitive stimulation), with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component; and (5) meta-analyses that were published in any year or language. The characteristics of the reviews, of the interventions, and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative synthesis. Identification of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the reviews. The study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population, sample size, settings, outcomes, and intervention characteristics. RESULTS The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training, meditative movement interventions, and exercise-based active videogames. CONCLUSION The review identified important gaps in research, including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions, the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes, and the impact of motivational strategies and of significant others (e.g., carers) on intervention delivery and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Di Lorito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Annabelle Long
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Adrian Byrne
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rowan H Harwood
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - John R F Gladman
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Pip Logan
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alessandro Bosco
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Veronika van der Wardt
- Center for Methodology and Health Research, Department of General Medicine, Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE To date, measurement and treatment of older adult fall injury has been siloed within specific care settings, such as a hospital or within a nursing home or community. Little is known about changes in fall risk across care settings. Understanding the occurrence of falls across settings has implications for measuring and incentivizing high-value care across care settings. OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of older adult fall injury within and across discrete periods during a 12-month care episode anchored by an acute hospitalization. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study is a longitudinal analysis of 12-month periods that include an anchor hospital stay using national data from 2006 to 2014. Participants included older (aged ≥65 years) Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries from the Health and Retirement Study. Weekly fall injury rates were computed for 4 periods compared with the anchor hospitalization: at baseline (1-6 months before hospitalization), just before (<1 month before hospitalization), just after (<1 month after hospitalization), and at follow-up (1-6 months after hospitalization). Piecewise logistic regression models estimated weekly marginal risk of fall injury within each period, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Fall injury risks for high-risk beneficiaries with a fall injury during the anchor hospitalization were also estimated. Data analysis was performed from November 2019 to April 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Fall injuries. RESULTS In total, 10 106 anchor hospitalizations for 4101 beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 77.1 [7.6] years; 5912 hospitalizations among women [58.5%]) were identified. The overall fall injury risk was 0.77%. In adjusted models, marginal increases in weekly fall injury risk just before hospitalization (0.27 percentage points [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.33 percentage points], or 30.0%; P < .001) were 4 times greater than decreases just after hospitalization (-0.18 percentage points [95% CI, -0.23 to -0.13 percentage points], or -9.2%; P < .001)]. A greater risk differential before and after hospitalization was observed for patients with an inpatient fall injury (1.89 percentage points [95% CI, 1.37 to 2.40], or 309.8%; P < .001; vs -0.39 percentage points [95% CI, -0.73 to -0.04], or -11.6%; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An episode-based assessment of fall injury illustrates substantial variability in period-specific risks over an extended period including an anchor hospitalization. Risk transitions between periods include sizable increases just before hospitalization that do not fully subside after hospital discharge. Financial incentives to coordinate hospital and posthospital care for patients at risk for fall injury are needed. These could include bundled payments for fall injury episodes that incentivize coordination across settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J. Hoffman
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mary E. Tinetti
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jinkyung Ha
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Neil B. Alexander
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lillian C. Min
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Tzeng HM, Okpalauwaekwe U, Lyons EJ. Barriers and Facilitators to Older Adults Participating in Fall-Prevention Strategies After Transitioning Home from Acute Hospitalization: A Scoping Review. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:971-989. [PMID: 32612356 PMCID: PMC7323788 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s256599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Approximately, 14% of older adults aged 65 years and over experience a fall within 1 month post-hospital discharge. Adequate self-management may minimize the impact of these falls; however, research is lacking on why some older adults engage in self-management to prevent falls while others do not. Methods We conducted a scoping review to identify barriers and facilitators to older adults participating in fall-prevention strategies after transitioning home from acute hospitalization. Eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles published during 2009-2019 which were written in English and contained any of the following keywords or their synonyms: "fall-prevention," "older adults," "post-discharge" and "transition care." We systematically and selectively summarized the findings of these articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Seven bibliographic databases were searched: PubMed/MEDLINE, ERIC, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. We used the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model of health behavior change as a framework to guide the content, thematic analysis, and descriptive results. Results Seventeen articles were finally selected. The most frequently mentioned barriers and facilitators for each COM-B dimension differed. Motivation factors include such as older adults lacking inner drive and self-denial of being at risk for falls (barriers) and following-up with older adults and correcting inaccurate perceptions of falls and fall-prevention strategies (facilitators). Conclusion This scoping review revealed gaps and future research areas in fall prevention relative to behavioral changes. These findings may enable tailoring feasible fall-prevention interventions for older adults after transitioning home from acute hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ming Tzeng
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Nursing, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Udoka Okpalauwaekwe
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Lyons
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Health Professions, Galveston, TX, USA
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Relationship between malnutrition and different fall risk assessment tools in a geriatric in-patient unit. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1279-1287. [PMID: 31482296 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research evaluating different predictive strategies to identify persons at risk for falls, nutritional issues have received little attention. Malnutrition leads to weight loss associated with muscle weakness and consequently increases the risk of falls. AIMS The current study assessed the association between nutritional state and fall risk scores in a geriatric in-patient unit in Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional state of 190 older inpatients using a short form of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), and the risk of falls was assessed using the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), Johns Hopkins fall risk assessment tool (JH-FRAT), Schmid Fall Risk Assessment Tool (Schmid-FRAT), Hendrich II Fall Risk Model (HII-FRM) and Functional Assessment Instrument (FAI). The generalised linear models (GLM) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to test the nutritional status as a risk factor for falls. RESULTS Malnutrition was significantly associated with high fall risk as assessed by MFS and HII-FRM (OR = 2.833, 95% CI 1.358-5.913, P = 0.006; OR = 3.477, 95% CI 1.822-6.636, P < 0.001), with the highest OR for JH-FRAT (OR = 5.455, 95% CI 1.548-19.214, P = 0.008). After adjusting for age, the adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), number of fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs), risk of malnutrition or malnourished were significantly associated with high fall risk as assessed by MFS (OR = 2.761, 95% CI 1.306-5.836, P = 0.008), JH-FRAT (OR = 4.938, 95% CI 1.368-17.828, P = 0.015), and HII-FRM (OR = 3.486, 95% CI 1.783-6.815, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a significant association between malnutrition and fall risk assessment scores, especially JH-FRAT, in hospitalised older patients.
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Nagarajan D, Lee DCA, Robins LM, Haines TP. Risk factors for social isolation in post-hospitalized older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 88:104036. [PMID: 32113012 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social isolation in older adults is associated with high rates of adverse health outcomes. Older adults who have had a recent significant health event are likely to be at risk of social isolation following hospitalization. This study aims to identify risk factors amongst older adults at hospital discharge that are associated with social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. METHODS Older adults were surveyed at hospital discharge and three months post-hospitalization. Baseline data including demographics, self-reported quality of life, physical activity and capacity levels, lifestyle factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected at discharge. Social isolation was measured using the Friendship Scale at the three-month follow-up. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. RESULTS Older adults (n = 311) participated in the baseline survey, of whom 241 (78 %) completed the three-month survey. Higher depressive and anxiety symptoms at hospital discharge, comorbidity of cancer, history of cigarette smoking, prior access to community and respite service, and arrangement for shopping assistance post-discharge were factors independently associated with an increased risk of social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. DISCUSSION This study identified risk factors for social isolation that are unique to older post-hospitalized adults. These findings can help clinicians identify individuals at risk of social isolation and to target interventions that address these risk factors for the prevention of social isolation in older adults after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Nagarajan
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Lauren M Robins
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
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Development of a fall-risk assessment profile for community-dwelling older adults by using the National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:234. [PMID: 32059657 PMCID: PMC7023681 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls represent a global health issue among older adults and cause a considerable burden on medical systems. In this study, a fall-risk assessment profile was developed for community-dwelling older adults. Method The data of survey participants aged > 65 years were obtained from three rounds (2005, 2009, and 2013) of the National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan. In total, 8356 older participants were included in this study. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine potential predictors associated with falls. The regression coefficients of the predictors in the final model were translated into scores (by multiplying by 5) and then summed to obtain a total risk-score for falls. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of the risk assessment profile. Result Self-reported falls within 1 year accounted for 19.1% of the total falls. The predictors that were included in the risk profile according to the logistic regression analysis results were as follows: female sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57; risk-score = 2), living alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.56; risk-score = 2), urinary incontinence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36; risk-score = 2), perceived unhealthiness (adjusted odds ratio = 1.32; risk-score = 1), perceived pain (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51; risk-score = 2), hospital admission in the past year (adjusted odds ratio = 2.42; risk-score = 4), low activity of daily living (ADL) scores (adjusted odds ratio = 1.29; risk-score = 1), and low mobility function scores (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68; risk-score = 3). At a total risk-score cutoff point of 6 (range 0–17), the model predicted falls with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.16 and 52.75%, respectively (area under the ROC curve = 0.70). Conclusion The fall-risk assessment profile comprising eight predictors—female sex, living alone, incontinence, perceived unhealthiness, perceived pain, hospital admission in the past year, low ADL scores, and low mobility function scores—may serve as an assessment tool for identification of older adults with a high risk of falling, and assessment results can be used to facilitate community-based intervention.
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Worum H, Lillekroken D, Ahlsen B, Roaldsen KS, Bergland A. Bridging the gap between research-based knowledge and clinical practice: a qualitative examination of patients and physiotherapists' views on the Otago exercise Programme. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31638912 PMCID: PMC6805671 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related injuries exacerbate the health problems of older adults, and they are a public health concern. Despite an abundance of research, the implementation of evidence-based fall prevention programs has been slow and limited, additionally and these programs have not reduced the incidence of falling. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to examine patients and physiotherapists' views on the factors that influence the implementation of the community- and evidence-based Otago Exercise Programme for fall prevention. METHODS We conducted eight in-depth interviews with physiotherapists and patients, and a focus group interview with 12 physiotherapists and authority figures who represented local hospitals and municipalities. The resultant qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis yielded two main themes: the researcher's role and position in the implementation process and the tension between research-based knowledge and clinical practice. The participants believed that research-based knowledge can address the challenges of clinical practice. Further, the patients reported that the fall prevention program made them feel safe and enhanced their ability to cope with daily life. The physiotherapists also observed that research findings do not readily translate into clinical practice. Further, they contended that research-based knowledge is not universal and that it cannot be generalized across different contexts; instead, it must be adapted and translated into a user-friendly language. The findings suggest that the application of research-based knowledge does equate to filling up empty jars and that research-based knowledge does not flow from the expert to the non-expert as water through a tube. Indeed, physiotherapists and patients are not tabula rasa. Additionally, the participants believed that researchers and stakeholders must think critically about who has the power and voice to create a common understanding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings delineate the means by which the gap between research and practice regarding the Otago fall prevention program can bridged. The program can guide clinical work and provide important information that can be used to improve the quality of other fall prevention programs. However, the research-based knowledge that it confers must be adapted for use in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Worum
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Lillekroken
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Ahlsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Skavberg Roaldsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurobiology, Health Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bergland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Rodrigues IB, Ponzano M, Giangregorio LM. Practical tips for prescribing exercise for fall prevention. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1953-1960. [PMID: 31471663 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is strong evidence from meta-analyses that exercise as a single intervention can reduce the number and risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults, yet not all types of exercise are equal. OBSERVATIONS Programs that include 3 h a week of exercise and provide a high challenge to balance can reduce falls by almost 40%. Reactive and volitional stepping interventions have also been shown to reduce falls by about 50%. Evidence is less clear regarding the efficacy of exercise in individuals who have experienced a stroke, who live in long-term care, who have been recently discharged from the hospital, or who have visual impairments, but there is some evidence that multifactorial programs may be useful. CONCLUSION Depending on the population, exercise as a single or as part of a multifactorial intervention may be beneficial in reducing falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Rodrigues
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - M Ponzano
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - L M Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Nicholson V, Watts N, Chani Y, Keogh JW. Motor imagery training improves balance and mobility outcomes in older adults: a systematic review. J Physiother 2019; 65:200-207. [PMID: 31521556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Does motor imagery training improve measures of balance, mobility and falls in older adults without a neurological condition? DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged at least 60 years and without a neurological condition. INTERVENTION Three or more sessions of motor imagery training. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were balance measures (such as single leg stance and Berg Balance scale) and mobility measures (such as gait speed and the Timed Up and Go test). Falls were a secondary outcome measure. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro Scale, and overall quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Research, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Twelve trials including 356 participants were included in the systematic review and 10 trials (316 participants) were included in the meta-analyses. All trials included either apparently healthy participants or older adults after orthopaedic surgery. There was evidence that motor imagery training can significantly improve balance (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.82), gait speed (MD 0.13 m/s, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.22) and Timed Up and Go (MD 1.64 seconds, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.49) in older adults; however, the quality of evidence was very low to low. No data regarding falls were identified. CONCLUSION Motor imagery training improves balance and mobility in older adults who do not have a neurological condition. These results suggest that motor imagery training could be an adjunct to standard physiotherapy care in older adults, although it is unclear whether or not the effects are clinically worthwhile. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017069954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan Nicholson
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Naomi Watts
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Yannick Chani
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Justin Wl Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia; Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Hill AM, McPhail SM, Haines TP, Morris ME, Etherton-Beer C, Shorr R, Flicker L, Bulsara M, Waldron N, Lee DCA, Francis-Coad J, Boudville A. Falls After Hospital Discharge: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Individualized Multimodal Falls Prevention Education. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1511-1517. [PMID: 30721940 PMCID: PMC7330456 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people are at high risk of falls after hospital discharge. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of providing individualized falls prevention education in addition to usual care on falls rates in older people after hospital discharge compared to providing a social intervention in addition to usual care. METHODS A randomized clinical trial at three hospitals in Western Australia: participants followed for 6 months after discharge. Baseline and outcomes measured by assessors masked to group allocation. Participants: aged 60 years and over, admitted for rehabilitation. Eligibility included: cognitively able to undertake education (Abbreviated mental test score >7/10). Intervention: tailored education comprising patient video and workbook, structured discussion and goal setting led by trained therapist. Main outcomes: falls in the 6 months after discharge; proportion of participants sustaining one or more falls. RESULTS There were 382 (194 intervention; 188 control) participants (mean age 77.7 [SD 8.7] years). There were 378 falls (fall rate per 1,000 patient-days, 5.9 intervention; 5.9 control) reported by 164 (42.9%) participants in the 6 months following hospital discharge; 188 (49.7%) of these falls were injurious. There were no significant differences in falls rates between intervention and control groups: (adjusted IRR, 1.09; 95% CI [0.78 to 1.52]) or the proportion of participants who fell once or more (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI [0.90 to 2.07]). CONCLUSIONS Providing individualized falls prevention education prior to discharge did not reduce falls at home after discharge. Further research is warranted to investigate how to reduce falls during this high-risk transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,Address correspondence to: Anne-Marie Hill, PhD, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Steven M McPhail
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Buranda, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meg E Morris
- Healthscope and La Trobe Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald Shorr
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Gainesville, Florida,College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas Waldron
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Armadale Kelmscott Memorial Hospital, East Metropolitan Health Service, Armadale, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Francis-Coad
- School of Physiotherapy, Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Boudville
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospital, Midland, Western Australia, Australia
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Morello RT, Soh SE, Behm K, Egan A, Ayton D, Hill K, Flicker L, Etherton-Beer CD, Arendts G, Waldron N, Redfern J, Haines T, Lowthian J, Nyman SR, Cameron P, Fairhall N, Barker AL. Multifactorial falls prevention programmes for older adults presenting to the emergency department with a fall: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inj Prev 2019; 25:557-564. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine whether multifactorial falls prevention interventions are effective in preventing falls, fall injuries, emergency department (ED) re-presentations and hospital admissions in older adults presenting to the ED with a fall.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesFour health-related electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched (inception to June 2018).Study selectionRCTs of multifactorial falls prevention interventions targeting community-dwelling older adults (
≥
60 years) presenting to the ED with a fall with quantitative data on at least one review outcome.Data extractionTwo independent reviewers determined inclusion, assessed study quality and undertook data extraction, discrepancies resolved by a third.Data synthesis12 studies involving 3986 participants, from six countries, were eligible for inclusion. Studies were of variable methodological quality. Multifactorial interventions were heterogeneous, though the majority included education, referral to healthcare services, home modifications, exercise and medication changes. Meta-analyses demonstrated no reduction in falls (rate ratio = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.05), number of fallers (risk ratio = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.18), rate of fractured neck of femur (risk ratio = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.25), fall-related ED presentations (rate ratio = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.16) or hospitalisations (rate ratio = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.89) with multifactorial falls prevention programmes.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to support the use of multifactorial interventions to prevent falls or hospital utilisation in older people presenting to ED following a fall. Further research targeting this population group is required.
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Naseri C, McPhail SM, Haines TP, Morris ME, Etherton-Beer C, Shorr R, Flicker L, Bulsara M, Netto J, Lee DCA, Francis-Coad J, Waldron N, Boudville A, Hill AM. Evaluation of Tailored Falls Education on Older Adults' Behavior Following Hospitalization. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:2274-2281. [PMID: 31265139 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults recently discharged from the hospital are known to be at risk of functional decline and falls. This study evaluated the effect of a tailored education program provided in the hospital on older adult engagement in fall prevention strategies within 6 months after hospital discharge. METHODS A process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial that aimed to improve older adult fall prevention behaviors after hospital discharge. Participants (n = 390) were aged 60 years and older with good cognitive function (greater than 7 of 10 Abbreviated Mental Test Score), discharged home from three hospital rehabilitation wards in Perth, Australia. The primary outcomes were engagement in fall prevention strategies, including assistance with daily activities, home modifications, and exercise. Data were analyzed using generalized linear modeling. RESULTS There were 76.4% (n = 292) of participants who completed the final interview (n = 149 intervention, n = 143 control). There were no significant differences between groups in engagement in fall prevention strategies, including receiving instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) assistance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.3 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.7-2.1]; P = .3), completion of home modifications (AOR = 1.2 [95% CI = 0.7-1.9]; P = .4), and exercise (AOR = 1.3 [95% CI = 0.7-2.2]; P = .3). There was a high proportion of unmet ADL needs within both groups, and levels of participant dependency remained higher at 6 months compared to baseline levels at admission. The proportion of all participants who engaged in exercise following hospital discharge increased by 30%; however, the mean duration of exercise reduced from 3 hours per week at baseline to 1 hour per week at 6-month follow-up (SD = 1.12 hours per week). CONCLUSION Tailored education did not increase older adult engagement in fall prevention strategies after hospital discharge compared to usual care. Further research is required to evaluate older adults' capacity to change their behaviors once they return home from hospital, which may enable a safer recovery of their independence. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2274-2281, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naseri
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven M McPhail
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terrence P Haines
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meg E Morris
- Healthscope and La Trobe Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald Shorr
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, Florida.,College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Netto
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Francis-Coad
- School of Physiotherapy, Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas Waldron
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Armadale Health Service, Department of Health, Mount Nasura, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Boudville
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, St John of God Health Care, Midland, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Lam K, Lee DCA, Lalor AF, Stolwyk R, Russell G, Brown T, McDermott F, Haines TP. The relationship between discharge medications and falls in post-hospitalised older adults: A 6-month follow-up. Australas J Ageing 2019; 38:190-198. [PMID: 30806033 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify discharge medications, especially psychotropic medications that are associated with falls, amongst older adults within 6 months following hospitalisation. METHODS Negative binomial regression was used to examine relationships between discharge medications and falls in older post-hospitalised adults. Multiple regression that considered falls risk factors at discharge was performed. RESULTS Data for 267 participants showed that discharge medications were not independently associated with falls postdischarge after adjustment for other falls risk factors. Male gender (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval, CI]) 2.15 [1.36-3.40]), higher depression scores (1.14 [1.05-1.25]) and co-morbidity of neurological disease other than stroke (5.98 [3.08-11.60]) were independently associated with an increased rate of falls. Higher depression scores (1.20 [1.11-1.31]) and co-morbidity of cancer (1.97 [1.20-3.25]) were independently associated with an increased rate of injurious falls in the 6 months postdischarge. CONCLUSION Falls prevention strategies, other than hospital discharge medication management in the postdischarge older adults, warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lam
- Dandenong Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aislinn F Lalor
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rene Stolwyk
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Russell
- Department of General Practice, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona McDermott
- Department of Social Work, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Morley
- John E. Morley, MB,BCh, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO 63104,
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