The coming era of cytologic automation

Image cytometry: current applications and future trends

Image cytometry has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. Modern image systems encompass morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems. Rapid advances in technology and the development of user-friendly systems have provided pathologists with an alternative to flow cytometry, particularly useful in the evaluation of small or hypocellular specimens. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining. Newer uses under active investigation include development of expert systems that may act as diagnostic consultants in the future. Beyond DNA analysis, image cytometry holds great promise for improved tumor classification, for screening and surveillance in high-risk populations, and as a tool to improve diagnostic ability. This article discusses types of image analysis systems, specimen preparation, data acquisition, current applications in specific organ sites, and possible future applications.

The 1990s--interface of cytopathology and new technology

In physical chemistry, the most unique and dramatic reactions occur at the interface between different phases of matter. An analogy can be drawn between this observation and the interface that currently exists between the traditional practice of cytopathology and the technologies discussed in this editorial. It is natural to be excited about new technologies. They offer the potential to improve our diagnostic ability, to save time, and to expand the range of cytopathology services. Our enthusiasm for new technology should be tempered by the inherent appeal of cytopathology--its relative simplicity. Cytologic diagnoses are possible with a glass slide, extracts of tree bark, and a well-trained observer. This can be rapid and tremendously cost effective, not only identifying the type of abnormality, but often providing prognostic information. New technology, while offering additional information, may not be cost effective, or may not offer more information than is available by traditional methods. Whether or not to accept new technologies is the choice of cytotechnologists and cytopathologists. It is the goal of the Editorial Board of Diagnostic Cytopathology that this be a well-informed choice. The current and coming issues of Diagnostic Cytopathology will describe technological advances in the Focus on Technology section of the journal. We trust that you will find this information useful in your evaluation of new technology.