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Han Y, Li Q, Wang D, Peng L, Huang T, Ou C, Yang K, Wang J. Case Report: Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of Four Cases With Review of Additional 331 Cases in the Literature. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883141. [PMID: 35646671 PMCID: PMC9135977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and highly malignant non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma with uncommon clinical presentation and poor prognosis. The diagnostic pitfall of IVLBCL is mainly due to the fact that subtle histological changes could be easily overlooked, in addition to its rare occurrence, non-specific and variable clinical presentations, and the absence of significant mass lesions. The purpose of this study is to further explore the clinicopathologic and molecular features of IVLBCL to ensure an accurate diagnosis of this entity. Here, we retrospectively present the data of the four new cases and the literature cases. The age ranged from 23 to 92, with a medium age of 67 and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The clinical manifestations are extremely variable, including fever, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, unexplained hypoxemia, impaired consciousness, and skin lesions, as well as the extremely low levels of serum albumin, high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R), and ferritin. Morphologically, 99.9% of cases showed a selective growth pattern with large, atypical lymphocytes within the lumen of small blood vessels. In addition, vast majority of cases were positive for CD20, CD79a, PAX5, MUM1, and BCL6, and a subset of cases expressed BCL2 and CD5, whereas CD3 and CD10 were typically negative. Ki-67 proliferative index ranged from 20% to 100%. To sum up, we have conducted comprehensive case reports, to the best of our knowledge, this is the largest reported cohort of IVLBCL cases. Comprehensive assessments and more IVLBCL cases are required for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingjiao Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lushan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junpu Wang, ; Keda Yang,
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junpu Wang, ; Keda Yang,
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Nguyen S, Pakbaz Z. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in Hispanics: a case series and literature review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2020; 10:562-566. [PMID: 33194130 PMCID: PMC7599000 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1811073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell Lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of extra nodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which is challenging to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. Here we describe three non-White Hispanic patients newly diagnosed with IVLBCL within 14-month period. All of them presented with persistent fever of unknown origin and symptomatic severe anemia as the initial manifestations. Two out of three cases were successfully diagnosed in a timely manner by fat pad biopsy and have remained disease free up to 34 months after chemotherapy. The third case was diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy and deceased one week later after choosing home hospice care. To date, this is the largest published case series of IVLBCL in non-White Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonha Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Pakbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Geyer JT, Prakash S, Orazi A. B-cell neoplasms and Hodgkin lymphoma in the spleen. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:125-134. [PMID: 32839024 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma of spleen may be primary (most commonly splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) or secondary (typically low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Depending on the specific lymphoma subtype, there may be a predominantly white pulp pattern of involvement, a predominantly red pulp pattern or a focal nodular pattern. Splenectomy is the ideal specimen for a multiparametric integrative diagnosis of splenic lymphoma, as it allows for a combined study of morphology, immunohistology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetic techniques. This review article describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of all the relevant B-cell neoplasms that may be encountered in a splenic biopsy or a splenectomy specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Geyer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 525 E 68th Street, Starr Pavilion 715, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Sonam Prakash
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Box 0100, Parnassus Avenue, Room 569C, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, PL Foster School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, MSC 41022, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
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Luo B, Chen JM, Liu J, Li WH, Shi YX, Zeng P, Xie YH, Zhang HF. A case of intravascular large B cell lymphoma presenting as nodular goiter. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:64. [PMID: 28841887 PMCID: PMC5574147 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is rare and highly aggressive and that may progressively involve many organs. CNS (central nervous system), BM (bone marrow) and skin are the most common systems involved. To date, only 2 cases of IVLBCL involving the thyroid have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a case of IVLBCL involving the thyroid and accompanied by bilateral nodular goiter. In this case, a thyroid mass was identified in a physical examination of a 68-year-old male who initially presented with dyspnea accompanied by intermittent headache for approximately 1 month. Computed tomography scans revealed that the left lobar thyroid was occupied by a large, slightly lower density mass (5.8 × 4.7 × 8.4 cm). However, the patient had no hyperthyroidism or hoarseness. Levels of thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid autoantibodies in the serum were normal preoperatively. Thyroid mass resection was performed to establish a diagnosis and to relieve symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Pathological results of the surgical specimen revealed that large atypical lymphoma cells filled the capillaries in the lesion area. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the large-sized tumor cells were positive for CD20, PAX-5, MUM-1 and BCL-2, and were negative for CD3, CD5, CD43, CD10, CD23, CyclinD1, CD138, CD30, ALK, CD56, MPO, S-100, TTF-1, TG (thyroglobulin) and CT (calcitonin). The Ki-67 index was estimated to be approximately 85%. The patient was subsequently diagnosed as "Classical" IVLBCL non-germinal center B-cell type. The patient declined chemotherapy and died in the fifth month after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.99, Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-He Li
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, People's Republic of China
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