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Ausejo R, Falceto MV, Mitjana O, Garrido AM, Badiola JJ, Moreno B. Testicular tumors in commercial boars with infertility: A gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical study. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241269836. [PMID: 39148404 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241269836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Tumors in boars are uncommon, and testicular tumors even rarer. This study describes the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a case series of testicular tumors in commercial boars with fertility problems. Tumors were detected in 19 of 333 animals (19/333, 5.9%). Macroscopically, tumors were observed in 13 (13/19, 68%) boars, while 6 cases (6/19, 32%) were only detected by microscopic examination. Testicular enlargement was observed in 1 boar, while in the others, tumors were only observed after removal of the scrotal skin or after sectioning of the testis. Histologically, tumors were classified as seminomas (16/19, 84%), mixed germ cell-stromal tumors (2/19, 11%), and B-cell lymphoma (1/19, 5%). Seminomas had 3 different growth patterns: intratubular (6/16, 38%), diffuse (4/16, 25%), and intratubular/diffuse (6/16, 38%). All tumors that were not evident on macroscopic examination were intratubular seminomas. Intratesticular metastases were observed in 2 cases and extratesticular metastases, located in the pampiniform plexus, were observed in 1 case. In 1 seminoma, the rete testis was also involved. By immunohistochemistry, all intratubular seminomas were negative for c-kit, cytokeratin, and vimentin. In diffuse seminomas, c-kit and cytokeratin were also negative, while vimentin showed granular or perinuclear cytoplasmic labeling in some areas. PAX-5 and CD-3 antibodies classified the lymphoma as a B-cell lymphoma. This study suggests that testicular tumors in boars may be more common than previously reported, especially when microscopic examination is performed. It also shows that testicular tumors in pigs are predominantly seminomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Veterinary R&D, Magapor S.L., Ejea de los Caballeros, Spain
- Reproduction Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Victoria Falceto
- Reproduction Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Agrifood Institute of Aragón (IA2), Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Reproduction Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Agrifood Institute of Aragón (IA2), Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Garrido
- Reproduction Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Agrifood Institute of Aragón (IA2), Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Center for TSE and Emerging Transmissible Diseases, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bernardino Moreno
- Agrifood Institute of Aragón (IA2), Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Center for TSE and Emerging Transmissible Diseases, Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Kılınç F, Tas Ayçiçek S, Esen HH. Histopathological Analysis in Testicular Tumors: 10 Years of Experience. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:331-339. [PMID: 37292006 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231180270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. This study aims to review the morphological and immunohistochemical features of testicular tumors and compare them with prognostic parameters. Methods. Testicular tumors diagnosed between January 2011 and September 2021 were reviewed. Patient age, tumor subtype, size, spread, lateralization, number of foci, and immunohistochemical results were recorded. Results. A total of 121 tumors were detected, of which 108 (89%) were germ cell tumors (GCTs). Of the germ cell tumors, 70 (65%) were found to be pure type, and 38 (35%) were mixed germ cell tumors. The ratio of pure seminoma among GCTs was 56/108 (52%). Lymphatic/vascular invasion (LVI) was detected in 48/121 (40%), rete testis invasion in 32/121 (26%), hilar soft tissue invasion in 10/121 (8%), epididymal invasion in 5/121 (4%), and spermatic cord invasion in 5/121 (4%) patients. Lymphatic/vascular invasion was observed in 6 (22%) of 27 germ cell tumors smaller than 3 cm in size, and rete testis invasion was observed in 2 (7%), while in 40 (55%) of the 73 germ cell tumors of 3 cm and above, lymphatic/vascular invasion was seen, and 26 (36%) of them had rete testis invasion. Immunohistochemical results contributed significantly to the determination of tumor components and rates, especially in mixed germ cell tumors. Conclusion. Most of the tumors were germ cell tumors, and the majority were seminomas. Lymphatic/vascular invasion and rete testis invasion rates increase as the tumor diameter increases, which is more evident when the 3 cm cut-off value is taken into account (P < 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Kılınç
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pathology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Seda Tas Ayçiçek
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pathology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hacı Hasan Esen
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pathology Department, Konya, Turkey
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Iczkowski KA. Germ cell neoplasms of the testis: Update for 2022. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:2-21. [PMID: 35840444 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is the precursor of both seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. It consists of distended tubules that may have either intratubular seminoma or intratubular embryonal carcinoma cells. Many invasive non-seminomatous tumors contain a mixture of tumor types, which are reviewed here. Morphology, aided by a panel of immunostains, can determine the presence and percent of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, or teratoma in such tumors. Use of immunostains, required for diagnosis in perhaps 25% of testicular neoplasms, is reviewed. Changes of classification in the AJCC (8th edition) in 2016 are discussed, including the partitioning of two tumor types: the central role of chromosome 12p amplification allows both teratoma and yolk sac tumor to be divided into prepubertal types (lacking amplification) and post-pubertal types. Occasionally, sex cord-stromal tumors, hematolymphoid tumors, or epididymal adenomatoid tumors enter the differential diagnosis of germ cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Ambrosini F, Di Stasio A, Borra T, Cavallone B, Terrone C, Serao A. Testicular seminoma with pagetoid spread into the vas deferens: A rare histopathological presentation. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14061. [PMID: 33792962 DOI: 10.1111/and.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer, in particular testicular germ cell tumours, is the most common malignancy in young adult men. Defining prognosis and the best therapeutic strategy is challenging since accurate staging could be controversial. We report an unusual case of seminoma with pagetoid spread into the rete testis and, unexpectedly, also within the epithelium of the vas deferens, up to the margin of excision of the spermatic cord. Focussing on the extremely rare pathological finding and the challenge in defining the stage and the best post-surgical management, we would like to raise some issues about the knowledge gap on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ambrosini
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.,Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Stasio
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borra
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Barbara Cavallone
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Serao
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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Fontes-Sousa M, Lobo J, Magalhães H, Cassis J, Malheiro M, Ramos S, Henrique R, Martins A, Maurício MJ. Clinical implications of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition update in seminoma pT1 subclassification. BMC Urol 2020; 20:127. [PMID: 32819326 PMCID: PMC7439661 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seminoma accounts for 30–50% of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT)—the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–35 years. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition (2018) created the subclassifications pT1a (tumor size < 3 cm) and pT1b (≥ 3 cm), despite not being universally recognized. Rete testis invasion (RTI) and tumor size > 4 cm are considered features associated with a higher recurrence risk, but not formally used for staging. The authors propose further understanding the subclassification’s potential impact in clinical practice, by summarizing current evidence and reviewing clinical cases in their institutions. Methods All consecutive cases of seminoma stage I, pT1 treated in two institutions between January 2005 and December 2016 were included. Clinical data were retrieved, and variables were analyzed using SPSS. Relevant literature on the topic was reviewed. Results Seminoma pT1 was identified in 58 patients. By using newly AJCC criteria, 29 (50%) would have been staged as pT1a and 29 (50%) pT1b. Median age at diagnosis was similar (33 in pT1a vs 32 in pT1b). Median follow-up time 5.8 years. Almost half (45%) of pT1b patients had a tumor size < 4 cm. The majority of either pT1a or pT1b were treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, reflecting more intensive approaches in the past. Three retroperitoneal recurrences were recorded (two in pT1a, one in pT1b, all under surveillance protocol); no deaths occurred. RTI and extensive necrosis (EN) were associated with pT1b (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.023, respectively), known adverse biological features. Conclusions In our population, the exploratory analysis of the newly created AJCC criteria showed no significant difference in recurrence or death, although pT1b was associated with adverse biomarkers, such as RTI and EN, but its clinical relevance remains incompletely understood. Our results confirm an excellent prognosis, regardless of subcategorization, thus a larger population and a longer follow-up time are needed to understand prospectively the impact of the recently updated criteria. We would recommend using the latest AJCC staging system, although the individual risk of relapse, long-term toxicities and patient preferences should be taken into account when considering surveillance or active treatment adjuvant options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Fontes-Sousa
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estr. Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João Lobo
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto and Grupo de Epigenética e Biologia do Cancro (GEBC), Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (CI-IPOP) e Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Magalhães
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos (Hospital Pedro Hispano), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cassis
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Malheiro
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estr. Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sância Ramos
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto and Grupo de Epigenética e Biologia do Cancro (GEBC), Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (CI-IPOP) e Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Martins
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estr. Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ronchi A, Pagliuca F, Franco R. Testicular germ cell tumors: the changing role of the pathologist. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S204. [PMID: 31656783 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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