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Zhao Q, Song D, Ju H, Xing W, Ma J, Xiao P. Mass spectrometry in measurement of thyroid biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119872. [PMID: 39013525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, the number of patients with thyroid disease in China exceeded 200 million (10 million with hyperthyroidism, 90 million with hypothyroidism, and 100 million with other thyroid disease such as goiter, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer). Well-established markers include FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, and TSH tested by a number of immunoassay methods. This approach is based on the primary binding of antigen with antibody and a subsequent secondary chemical reaction that provides an indirect measure. The use of traceable standards for quantitation remains an important factor to ensure inter-assay reliability and precision. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS) has received considerable attention as an analytic tool due to high resolution and quantitative accuracy. In addition, MS allows for sensitive determination of low-abundance markers making it ideal for development of traceable standards. Furthermore, this technology will allow for the development of highly accurate thyroid biomarker assays to facilitate diagnosis, enable early treatment and improve outcomes. Herein, we provide a systematic review and summary of MS in enhancing the analysis of thyroid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dan Song
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanyu Ju
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Xing
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China.
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Oh J, Carlson JCT, Landeros C, Lee H, Ferguson S, Faquin WC, Clark JR, Pittet MJ, Pai SI, Weissleder R. Rapid Serial Immunoprofiling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Fine Needle Sampling. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4781-4793. [PMID: 34233961 PMCID: PMC8416923 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing effort to discover and integrate predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers into treatment algorithms. While tissue-based methods can reveal tumor-immune cell compositions at a single time point, we propose that single-cell sampling via fine needle aspiration (FNA) can facilitate serial assessment of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) with a favorable risk-benefit profile. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Primary antibodies directed against 20 murine and 25 human markers of interest were chemically modified via a custom linker-bio-orthogonal quencher (FAST) probe. A FAST-FNA cyclic imaging and analysis pipeline were developed to derive quantitative response scores. Single cells were harvested via FNA and characterized phenotypically and functionally both in preclinical and human samples using the newly developed FAST-FNA assay. RESULTS FAST-FNA samples analyzed manually versus the newly developed deep learning-assisted pipeline gave highly concordant results. Subsequently, an agreement analysis showed that FAST and flow cytometry of surgically resected tumors were positively correlated with an R2 = 0.97 in preclinical samples and an R2 = 0.86 in human samples with the detection of the relevant tumor and immune biomarkers of interest. Finally, the feasibility of applying this minimally invasive approach to analyze the TME during immunotherapy was assessed in patients with cancer revealing local antitumor immune programs. CONCLUSIONS The FAST-FNA is an innovative technology that combines bio-orthogonal chemistry coupled with a computational analysis pipeline for the comprehensive profiling of single cells obtained through FNA. This is the first demonstration that the complex and rapidly evolving TME during treatment can be accurately and serially measured by simple FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan C T Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Landeros
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Ferguson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C Faquin
- Division of Head and Neck Pathology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara I Pai
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Qi P, Bai QM, Yao QL, Yang WT, Zhou XY. Performance of Automated Dissection on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections for the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820960760. [PMID: 33073677 PMCID: PMC7592317 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820960760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the performance of MilliSect dissection and manual dissection. Twenty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks were selected for comparison. Specific areas of interest (AOIs) in invasive carcinoma on tissue sections were transferred to dissection slides by manual macrodissection or the MilliSect instrument. The comparison criteria were 1) the time required for dissection; 2) RNA concentration and purity; 3) RNA quantity of 5 housekeeping genes (by RT-qPCR); and 4) ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 and recurrence score (RS) values (by the 21-gene assay). Then, tumor-adjacent tissues, including fibrocollagenous and epithelial tissues, from the same selected tissue blocks of 8 of 25 patients were scraped using the mesodissection method, and their RS values were assessed to evaluate the influence of tumor-adjacent tissues on the target AOIs. Ultimately, 4 AOIs of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from 1 tissue block of another 4 patients with lymph node (LN) metastases each, LN tissue and a mixture of IDC and LN tissue from the other tissue block of the same 4 patients were mesodissected to evaluate the influence of infiltrating lymphocyte levels on the RS values of AOIs. In our experience, the MilliSect instrument, which provides process management documentation, required more time than manual macrodissection (on average, approximately 9.1 min per sample versus 5.8 min per sample, respectively). The RNA yield and quality of the dissected tissues were comparable for the 2 methods. However, the tumor-adjacent tissues of the AOIs may influence the RS to some extent. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can dramatically increase RSs, far exceeding the influence of tumor-adjacent fibrocollagenous and epithelial tissues. In conclusion, MilliSect mesodissection is comparable to manual dissection. This mesodissection tool may facilitate AOI alignment and the dissection process for the 21-gene RS assay. Samples whose adjacent tissues are intermixed with TILs warrant special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Pathology, 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Ming Bai
- Department of Pathology, 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Lan Yao
- Department of Pathology, 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Pathology, 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, 89667Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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