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McNally S. Scarlett McNally: Boosting swimming for health and joy. BMJ 2024; 384:q393. [PMID: 38378195 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
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Kwok WS, Khalatbari-Soltani S, Dolja-Gore X, Byles J, Tiedemann A, Pinheiro MB, Oliveira JS, Sherrington C. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Falls With and Without Injuries Among Older Adult Women. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354036. [PMID: 38294812 PMCID: PMC10831579 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Falls and fall-related injuries are common among older adults. Older adults are recommended to undertake 150 to 300 minutes of physical activity per week for health benefits; however, the association between meeting the recommended level of physical activity and falls is unclear. Objectives To examine whether associations exist between leisure-time physical activity and noninjurious and injurious falls in older women. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used a retrospective analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). ALSWH participants born from 1946 to 1951 who completed follow-up questionnaires in 2016 (aged 65-70 years) and 2019 (aged 68-73 years) were included. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to February 2023. Exposure Self-reported weekly amounts (0, 1 to <150, 150 to <300, ≥300 minutes) and types of leisure-time physical activity, including brisk walking and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, in the 2016 survey. Main outcome and measures Noninjurious and injurious falls in the previous 12 months reported in the 2019 survey. Associations between leisure-time physical activity and falls were quantified using directed acyclic graph-informed multinomial logistic regression and presented in odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results This study included 7139 women (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [1.5] years). Participation in leisure-time physical activity at or above the level recommended by the World Health Organization (150 to <300 min/wk) was associated with reduced odds of noninjurious falls (150 to <300 min/wk: OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.92]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.80]) and injurious falls (150 to <300 min/wk: OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.88]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.93]). Compared with women who reported no leisure-time physical activity, those who reported brisk walking (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70-0.97]), moderate leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]), or moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.99]) had reduced odds of noninjurious falls. No statistically significant associations were found between the types of leisure-time physical activity and injurious falls. Conclusions and Relevance Participation in leisure-time physical activity at the recommended level or above was associated with lower odds of both noninjurious and injurious falls. Brisk walking and both moderate and moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower odds of noninjurious falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing S. Kwok
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina B. Pinheiro
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juliana S. Oliveira
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang M, Wu F, Callisaya ML, Jones G, Winzenberg TM. Longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2240-2250. [PMID: 37272369 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2222096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the longitudinal associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength (LMS), balance, and falls in middle-aged women. This was a 5-year cohort study among 308 women aged 36-56 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine associations of baseline and change in accelerometer-measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with baseline and 5-year change in LMS and balance (timed up and go test [TUG], functional reach test [FRT], lateral reach test [LRT], and step test [ST]), and negative binomial/Poisson and log-binomial regression as appropriate to assess associations with falls after 5-year follow-up. Greater baseline MVPA was associated with better baseline LMS (β = 4.65 kg/SD, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.93) and TUG (β = -0.09 s/SD, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01) but not with change in them over 5 years. Baseline MVPA was not associated with FRT at baseline but associated with a greater decrease in FRT (β = -0.87 cm/SD, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.17). Increased MVPA over 5 years was associated with less deterioration in FRT (β = 0.88 cm/SD, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.61). Increased sedentary time over 5 years was associated with a larger decrease in FRT (β = -0.82 cm/SD, 95% CI: -1.58, -0.07). Higher baseline LPA was associated with higher falls risk (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57). Higher baseline MVPA may benefit LMS and balance, while increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in these outcomes in mid-life. Detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to greater exposures to environmental hazards.HighlightsOur study for the first time examined the longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women.Higher baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be beneficial for muscle strength and balance at baseline but increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in LMS or balance outcomes in middle-aged women.Higher baseline light physical activity (LPA) was associated with an increased risk of falls.The detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to a greater exposure to environmental hazards in midlife, which needs to be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tania M Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Davison RCR, Cowan DT. Ageing, sport and physical activity participation in Scotland. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1213924. [PMID: 37822970 PMCID: PMC10562595 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1213924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim As sport and physical activity are vital to support extended health spans, this study aimed to analyse the current trends in sports participation and physical activity rates among individuals aged 65 years and older in Scotland. Data were compared with the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) guidelines and analysed the influence of key factors on participation rates. Methods The study used data from the Scottish Health Survey and the Scottish Household Survey (2019) to investigate self-reported participation in physical activity and sports across different age groups. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were used to analyse the relationships between participation rates and influencing factors. Participation data for Parkrun events in Scotland were also analysed for the years 2008-2018. Results The study found a clear decline in sports participation with age, with a steep decline after the age of 65, particularly in women. The majority of participation among individuals aged 65+ was in walking, with a sport participation rate of only 31.2% when walking was excluded. Physical activity and sport participation was lower in women across all age ranges but particularly so in the 75+ age group. The most popular sporting activities in the older age group were keep fit/aerobics, swimming and golf. Additionally, the study found that social deprivation had a major impact on sports participation rates, with the most deprived households exhibiting the lowest participation levels irrespective of age. The prevalence of loneliness was lower among individuals who participated in sports or adhered to the CMO guidelines for moderate/vigorous physical activity and strength-building exercises. Discussion The findings of this study have implications for promoting physical activity and sports participation among older adults, particularly in deprived communities. This study highlights the importance of balance exercises within sport and the need for more targeted efforts to increase participation rates among older adults. The study also emphasizes the positive impact of sports participation on reducing loneliness among older adults. Overall, the findings suggest the need for ongoing efforts to promote physical activity and sports participation among older adults to improve their overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Richard Davison
- Centre for Culture Sport and Events, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl T. Cowan
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
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Fry MD, Wineinger TO, Long H, Guivernau M, Gano-Overway LA, Iwasaki S. The Influence of Climate on Flourishing and Motivational Outcomes for U.S. Masters Swimmers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1990. [PMID: 36767356 PMCID: PMC9915294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The climate in which older adults exercise and participate in sport may play a role in promoting a lifetime commitment to exercising. However, little research has examined the relationship of caring (C) and task-involving (TI) climates, motivation, and well-being with respect to older adult athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Masters swimmers' perceptions of the climate, effort, enjoyment, and flourishing as well as explore the mediating effects of effort and enjoyment on the relationship between climate and flourishing. U.S. Masters swimmers (n = 294; Mage = 63.57 years; 84.40% White) with 1-80 years of swimming experience (M = 34.54 years) participating in coach-led programs completed an online survey. The results of latent variable, multiple-mediator analyses via structural equation modeling revealed two important contributions to the literature: (1) when Masters swimmers perceived that they were in C and TI climates, they were more likely to report higher levels of effort and greater enjoyment and flourishing; (2) the Masters swimmers' effort levels directly influenced their flourishing, mediating the relationship between climates and flourishing. This research has important implications for practice and policy, as U.S. Masters Swimming appears to be a fruitful avenue for promoting an enjoyable physical activity that can be experienced throughout a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D. Fry
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Troy O. Wineinger
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Haiying Long
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marta Guivernau
- School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Lori A. Gano-Overway
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Susumu Iwasaki
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO 81301, USA
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Golf and Physical Health: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:2943-2963. [PMID: 35932428 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous systematic review has examined the physical health benefits of playing golf or caddying. OBJECTIVE To establish the influence of golf participation and physical health in golfers and caddies. More specifically, the review intended to explore the domains of cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal health, in addition to body composition. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Electronic literature searches were conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases in July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Experimental (randomised controlled trials, quasi-experiment, pre-post) and non-experimental (case-control, cross-sectional, cohort) articles relating to health and golf, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Of the 572 articles initially identified, 109 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility with 23 meeting the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles were rated 'good 'and seven 'fair'. The influence of golf on physical health was mixed, although various articles displayed improvements in balance, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol within golfers. Caddies observed improvements in bone mineral density (BMD), stiffness index and strength. Most of the findings indicate that playing golf or caddying does not influence body mass index (BMI); however, playing golf can positively change other body composition markers such as lean and fat mass. CONCLUSION This review demonstrated that golf participation may be an effective method for improving musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health, although mixed findings were observed. Moreover, limited longitudinal evidence suggests that playing golf can positively impact metabolic health and the influence on body composition may be parameter dependent. Additionally, the initial evidence suggests that caddying may improve musculoskeletal health. However, the studies included were limited by their methodological inconsistencies such as: study design, participant demographics and intervention prescription. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021267664.
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Martín-García MDM, Ruiz-Real JL, Gázquez-Abad JC, Uribe-Toril J. Golf and Health, More than 18 Holes—A Bibliometric Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071322. [PMID: 35885848 PMCID: PMC9317188 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite golf’s contribution to health, scientific production related to golf and health has been relatively scarce. This work aims to investigate the state of the art on golf and health and to identify existing gaps and the principal and most notable potential future research trends, contributing to connecting the reality of the facilities dedicated to the practice of this sport and its contribution to raising awareness of the importance of sport in maintaining health. A total of 179 articles were analyzed following the steps for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols based on the PRISMA 2020 methodology and QUORUM, and a bibliometric analysis was carried out. Research to date has mainly focused on the benefits of golf in improving health, preventing illness, slowing down aging, or as rehabilitation and on exploring the risks and injuries involved in playing golf. The different ways of promoting participation or changing the image of golf by showing its healthy side are outlined as research trends in the coming years. There is a lack of exploration of the use of technology, the effects of the sport on certain disorders related to psychosocial factors, and further knowledge of the relationships between playing intentions and health. This research provides essential information for researchers who plan to work with golf in the future.
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The Relationship between Cognitive Status and Retained Activity Participation among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:400-416. [PMID: 35447747 PMCID: PMC9025576 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying retained activity participation to old age can improve age-related changes in balance and cognition function. Subjects ≥ 60 years were enrolled in this study. Balance and Cognitive function include working memory, executive function, and sustained and divided attention was evaluated with “Fullerton advanced balance”, “n-back”, “Wisconsin card sort”, “sustain and divided attention test”, respectively. In addition, retained activity participation was measured using the Activity Card Sort questionnaire. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses of different domains of retained activity participation were used as independent variables, including instrumental activity, low-effort leisure, high-effort leisure, and social activity on balance and specific domains of cognition. Seventy-seven subjects (65.3 ± 4.4 years, 61% female) were included. About 47% of older adults had a college education, 32.3% had a diploma, and 20.7% had elementary−middle education. These results show that retained instrumental activity had a relationship with working memory (β = 0.079, p < 0.05). In addition, we found that retained high-effort leisure activity can increase balance, divided attention, and executive function score (β = 0.1, β = 0.05, β = 0.02, p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive relationship between retained low-effort activity and sustained attention (β = 0.08, p < 0.05). In addition, the coefficient of determination (R2) for balance, working memory, executive function, sustained, and divided attention were 0.45, 0.25, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.18, respectively. The study suggests that retained activity participation types may have various effects on balance and some selective cognitive components in older people.
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Ng CA, Scott D, Seibel MJ, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Hirani V. Higher-Impact Physical Activity Is Associated With Maintenance of Bone Mineral Density But Not Reduced Incident Falls or Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:662-672. [PMID: 33278306 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-impact physical activities with bone strains of high magnitude and frequency may benefit bone health. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in loading intensities and application rates, estimated from self-reported physical activity, with bone mineral density (BMD) changes over 5 years and also with incident falls over 2 years and long-term incident fractures in community-dwelling older men. A total of 1599 men (mean age 76.8 ± 5.4 years) from the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP) were assessed at baseline (2005-2007) and at 2- and 5-year follow-up. At each time point, hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity energy expenditure over the past week was self-reported via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. Sum effective load ratings (ELRs) and peak force were estimated from the PASE questionnaire, reflecting the total and highest loading intensity and application rate of physical activities, respectively. Participants were contacted every 4 months over 2 years to self-report falls and over 6.0 ± 2.2 years for fractures. Hip fractures were ascertained by data linkage for 8.9 ± 3.6 years. Compared with sum ELR and PASE scores, peak force demonstrated the greatest standardized effect size for BMD maintenance at the spine (β = 9.77 mg/cm2 ), total hip (β = 14.14 mg/cm2 ), and femoral neck (β = 13.72 mg/cm2 ) after adjustment for covariates, including PASE components (all p < .01). Only PASE scores were significantly associated with reduced falls risk (standardized incident rate ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.00, p = .04). All physical activity measures were significantly associated with reduced incident fractures in univariate analyses, but none remained significant after multivariable adjustments. Older men who engaged in physical activity of high and rapid impact maintained higher BMD, while higher energy expenditure was associated with reduced falls risk. Coupling traditional physical activity data with bone loading estimates may improve understanding of the relationships between physical activity and bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie-Anne Ng
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.,Department of Medicine at Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Sunshine, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Six-month table tennis training improves body composition, bone health and physical performance in untrained older men; a randomized controlled trial. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Milton J, Insperger T. Acting together, destabilizing influences can stabilize human balance. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180126. [PMID: 31329069 PMCID: PMC6661324 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The causes of falling in the elderly are multi-factorial. Three factors that influence balance stability are the time delay, a sensory dead zone and the maximum ankle torque that can be generated by muscular contraction. Here, the effects of these contributions are evaluated in the context of a model of an inverted pendulum stabilized by time-delayed proportional-derivative (PD) feedback. The effect of the sensory dead zone is to produce a hybrid type of control in which the PD feedback is switched ON or OFF depending on whether or not the controlled variable is larger or smaller than the detection threshold, Π. It is shown that, as Π increases, the region in the plane of control parameters where the balance time (BT) is greater than 60 s is increased slightly. However, when maximum ankle torque is also limited, there is a dramatic increase in the parameter region associated with BTs greater than 60 s. This increase is due to the effects of a torque limitation on over-control associated with bang-bang type switching controllers. These observations show that acting together influences, which are typically thought to destabilize balance, can actually stabilize balance. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Milton
- W. M. Keck Science Center, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
- e-mail:
| | - Tamas Insperger
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Budapest University of Technology, and MTA-BME Lendület Human Balancing Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Tsamba L, Correc O, Le Cloirec P, Cimetière N. Analysis of chlorination by-products in swimming pool water by membrane introduction mass spectrometry - Influence of water physicochemical parameters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:710-718. [PMID: 30707781 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Tsamba
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, AQUASIM, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP82341, 44323, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Olivier Correc
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, AQUASIM, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP82341, 44323, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Le Cloirec
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Nicolas Cimetière
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
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Paganini-Hill A, Greenia DE, Perry S, Sajjadi SA, Kawas CH, Corrada MM. Lower likelihood of falling at age 90+ is associated with daily exercise a quarter of a century earlier: The 90+ Study. Age Ageing 2017; 46:951-957. [PMID: 28369185 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to explore the relationship between risk of falling at age 90+ and prior physical activity at age 60-70s. Design population-based cohort study (The 90+ Study). Setting California retirement community. Participants of 1596 cohort members, 1536 had both falls and prior activity data. Mean age = 94 years; 78% female; 99% Caucasian. Methods time spent in active physical activity was self-reported in 1980s; medical history, medication, assistive devices, residence type, and falls (outcome) was collected in 2000s. Activity/fall relationships were assessed using logistic regression. Results falls were reported by 52% of participants, recurrent falls by 32%, and severe injury by 21% of fallers. In univariate analyses risk of falling at age 90+ was significantly related to medical history (heart disease, TIA/stroke, arthritis, vision disease, depression, dementia), medication use (hypnotics, anti-psychotics, anti-depressants), use of assistive devices (cane, walker, wheelchair), residence type (living with relatives, sheltered living), and source of information (self-report vs informant). Risks of falling and recurrent falls at age 90+ were 35-45% lower in those reporting 30+ minutes/day of active physical activity at age 60-70s compared with no activity. The odds ratio of falling was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.44-0.97) for 30-45 minutes/day and 0.64 (0.44-0.94) for 1+ hour/day adjusting for age, sex, medical history (stroke/TIA, vision disease, depression), use of assistive devices, and source of information. Conclusions and Relevance falls are extremely common among the oldest-old and a significant proportion lead to severe injury. This work is the first to show an association between exercise at age 60-70s and lower risk of falling at age 90+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana E Greenia
- University of California Irvine-Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Shawna Perry
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Seyed Ahmad Sajjadi
- University of California Irvine-Neurology, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- University of California Irvine - Neurology, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California Irvine - Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Maria M Corrada
- University of California Irvine - Neurology, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California Irvine-Epidemiology, Irvine, California, United States
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Foong YC, Chherawala N, Aitken D, Scott D, Winzenberg T, Jones G. Accelerometer-determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community-dwelling older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:275-83. [PMID: 27239404 PMCID: PMC4863829 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between accelerometer-determined physical activity (PA), muscle mass, and lower-limb strength in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Six hundred thirty-six community-dwelling older adults (66 ± 7 years) were studied. Muscle mass was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, whilst lower limb strength was measured via dynamometry. We measured minutes/day spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity using Actigraph GT1M accelerometers. RESULTS Participants spent a median of 583(Interquartile ratio (IQR) 522-646), 225(176-271), 27(12-45) and 0(0-0) min in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. PA intensity was positively associated with both lean mass percentage and lower limb strength in a dose-response fashion. Sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but not lower-limb strength. There was a positive association between PA and appendicular lean mass in men only. There was an interaction between age and activity; as age increased, the magnitude of the association of PA with lean mass percentage decreased. Those who adhered to the Australian Department of Health PA guidelines (moderate/vigorous PA >/=150 min/week) had greater lean mass percentage, appendicular lean mass, and lower limb strength. CONCLUSIONS Using accelerometer technology, both the amount and intensity of accelerometer-determined PA had an independent, dose-response relationship with lean mass percentage and lower limb strength, with the largest effect for vigorous activity. Time spent in sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but was not associated with lower limb strength. The magnitude of the association between PA and lean mass percentage decreased with age, suggesting that PA programmes may need to be modified with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chao Foong
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Private Bag 23 Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia; North West Regional Hospital Burnie Tasmania 7250 Australia
| | - Nabil Chherawala
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Private Bag 23 Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Private Bag 23 Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3146 Australia; NorthWest Academic Centre The University of Melbourne St Albans Victoria 3021 Australia
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Private Bag 23 Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia; Faculty of Health University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Private Bag 23 Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
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Merom D, Ding D, Stamatakis E. Dancing Participation and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 11 Population-Based British Cohorts. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:756-760. [PMID: 26944521 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about whether cardiovascular benefits vary by activity type. Dance is a multidimensional physical activity of psychosocial nature. The study aimed to examine the association between dancing and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS A cohort study pooled 11 independent population surveys in the United Kingdom from 1995 to 2007, analyzed in 2014. Participants were 48,390 adults aged ≥40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and consented to be linked to the National Death Registry. Respondents reported participation in light- or moderate-intensity dancing and walking in the past 4 weeks. Physical activity amount was calculated based on frequency, duration, and intensity of participation in various types of exercise. The main outcome was cardiovascular disease mortality based on ICD-9 codes 390-459 or ICD-10 codes I01-I99. RESULTS During 444,045 person-years, 1,714 deaths caused by cardiovascular disease were documented. Moderate-intensity, but not light-intensity, dancing and walking were both inversely associated with cardiovascular disease mortality. In Cox regression models, the hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease mortality, adjusted for age, sex, SES, smoking, alcohol, BMI, chronic illness, psychosocial distress, and total physical activity amount, were 0.54 (95% CI=0.34, 0.87) for moderate-intensity dancing and 0.67 (95% CI=0.52, 0.87) for moderate-intensity walking. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-intensity dancing was associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease mortality to a greater extent than walking. The association between dance and cardiovascular disease mortality may be explained by high-intensity bouts during dancing, lifelong adherence, or psychosocial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Merom
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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