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Chen D, Woo JMP, Parks CG, Lawrence KG, O'Brien KM, Sandler RS, Sandler DP. Childhood and adolescent residential and farm pesticide exposures and inflammatory bowel disease incidence in a U.S. cohort of women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174475. [PMID: 38964382 PMCID: PMC11296211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are few known risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Use of specific pesticides has been associated with higher incidence of IBD among pesticide applicators and their spouses, but no study has examined pesticide exposure in early life, a period where the human immune system undergoes rapid changes. We evaluated pesticide use during childhood and adolescence and incidence of IBD among US women enrolled in the Sister Study. METHODS Incident IBD diagnoses between enrollment (2003-2009) and 2021 were identified and validated with medication use and colectomy/colostomy surgery. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the relationship of childhood/adolescent residential and farm pesticide exposures with IBD incidence using Cox models, accounting for age, race and ethnicity, education, smoking, and birth year. RESULTS We identified 277 incident IBD cases among 48,382 eligible participants. IBD hazard was elevated among those whose childhood residence was regularly treated with pesticides, especially among those who ever personally applied pesticides (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 0.65, 2.99). We observed a positive association between IBD and exposure to broadcast pesticide sprays before DDT was banned (>6 times vs. never HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.31). Among participants who lived on a farm during childhood/adolescence for ≥1 year (N = 9162), IBD hazards were higher among those who were in crop fields during pesticide application (HR = 2.06, 95%CI: 0.94, 4.51) and who ever personally applied pesticides on crops (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 0.81, 4.18) or livestock (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.14, 5.83). CONCLUSION Early-life pesticide exposure may be a novel risk factor for IBD. Practices that reduce pesticide exposure during early life may help reduce the burden of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhe Chen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer M P Woo
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn G Lawrence
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Tewari A. Respiratory system: Highly exposed yet under-reported organ in pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2024:7482337241273808. [PMID: 39178350 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethrin and pyrethroid are a relatively new class of pesticides with potent insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring pesticides obtained from the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium flower, while pyrethroids are their synthetic derivatives. They are widely used as the insecticides of choice in agriculture, veterinary medicine, public health programs, and household activities. Pyrethrin, being a broad-spectrum insecticide kills a wide range of pests, while pyrethroids last longer in the environment owing to low susceptibility to sunlight, and greater stability and efficacy than parent molecules. Humans can be exposed through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. Indoor usage of an insecticide poses a serious risk to human health, especially to women, children, and stay-at-home people. Although pyrethrin and pyrethroid are generally considered safe, sustained skin or inhalation exposure or direct contact with open wounds results in higher toxicity to mammals. There is a paucity of data on the impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on overall pulmonary health. The respiratory system, from the nose, nasal passages, airways, and bronchi to the pulmonary alveoli, is vulnerable to environmental contaminants such as pesticides because of its anatomical location as well as being a highly blood profused organ. Under and over-functioning of the respiratory system triggers diverse pathologies such as serious infections, allergies, asthma, metastatic malignancies, and auto-immune conditions. While the association between workplace-related pesticide exposures and respiratory diseases and symptoms is well documented, it is important to understand the adverse health impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on the general population for awareness and also for better regulation and implementation of the law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tewari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, (NDVSU), Rewa, India
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3
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Kosarek NN, Preston EV. Contributions of Synthetic Chemicals to Autoimmune Disease Development and Occurrence. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:128-144. [PMID: 38653907 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to many synthetic chemicals has been linked to a variety of adverse human health effects, including autoimmune diseases. In this scoping review, we summarize recent evidence detailing the effects of synthetic environmental chemicals on autoimmune diseases and highlight current research gaps and recommendations for future studies. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 68 recent publications related to environmental chemical exposures and autoimmune diseases. Most studies evaluated exposure to persistent environmental chemicals and autoimmune conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Results of recent original research studies were mixed, and available data for some exposure-outcome associations were particularly limited. PFAS and autoimmune inflammatory bowel diseases (UC and CD) and pesticides and RA appeared to be the most frequently studied exposure-outcome associations among recent publications, despite a historical research focus on solvents. Recent studies have provided additional evidence for the associations of exposure to synthetic chemicals with certain autoimmune conditions. However, impacts on other autoimmune outcomes, particularly less prevalent conditions, remain unclear. Owing to the ubiquitous nature of many of these exposures and their potential impacts on autoimmune risk, additional studies are needed to better evaluate these relationships, particularly for understudied autoimmune conditions. Future research should include larger longitudinal studies and studies among more diverse populations to elucidate the temporal relationships between exposure-outcome pairs and to identify potential population subgroups that may be more adversely impacted by immune modulation caused by exposure to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle N Kosarek
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Emma V Preston
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Floor 14, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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4
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Chen D, Parks CG, Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP. Pesticide use and inflammatory bowel disease in licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in the Agricultural Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118464. [PMID: 38354883 PMCID: PMC11065595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure has been linked to some autoimmune diseases and colorectal cancer, possibly via alteration of gut microbiota or other mechanisms. While pesticides have been linked to gut dysbiosis and inflammation in animal models, few epidemiologic studies have examined pesticides in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES We evaluated use of pesticides and incident IBD in 68,480 eligible pesticide applicators and spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS Self-reported IBD cases were identified from follow-up questionnaires between enrollment (1993-1997) and 2022. We evaluated IBD incidence in relation to self-reported ever use of 50 pesticides among applicators and spouses. We also explored associations with intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) of pesticide use among male applicators. Covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS We identified 454 IBD cases, including 227 among male applicators. In analyses with applicators and spouses combined, associations were positive (HR > 1.2) for ever vs. never use of five organochlorine insecticides, three organophosphate insecticides, one fungicide, and five herbicides. HRs were highest for dieldrin (HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.44), toxaphene (HR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.21), parathion (HR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.95), and terbufos (HR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.96). We had limited power in many IWLD of pesticide use analyses and did not find clear evidence of exposure-response trends; however, we observed elevated HRs in all tertiles of IWLD use of terbufos compared to never use (T1 vs. never use HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.24; T2 vs. never use HR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.26; T3 vs. never use HR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.23). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to specific pesticides was associated with elevated hazards of IBD. These findings may have public health importance given the widespread use of pesticides and the limited number of known modifiable environmental risk factors for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhe Chen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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5
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Huang RG, Li XB, Wang YY, Wu H, Li KD, Jin X, Du YJ, Wang H, Qian FY, Li BZ. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autoimmune diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116222. [PMID: 37224951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely exist in people's production and life which have great potential to damage human and animal health. Over the past few decades, growing attention has been paid to the impact of EDCs on human health, as well as immune system. So far, researchers have proved that EDCs (such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), etc.) affect human immune function and promotes the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Therefore, in order to better understand how EDCs affect ADs, we summarized the current knowledge about the impact of EDCs on ADs, and elaborated the potential mechanism of the impact of EDCs on ADs in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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6
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Bergstra SA, Sepriano A, Chopra A, Winchow LL, Vega-Morales D, Salomon-Escoto K, Matthijssen XME, Landewé RB. Country-level socioeconomic status relates geographical latitude to the onset of RA: a worldwide cross-sectional analysis in the METEOR registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1018-1024. [PMID: 37230737 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age at rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset varies by geographical latitude. We have investigated to what extent differences in patient-specific factors and country-level socioeconomic indicators explain this variability. METHODS Patients with RA from the worldwide METEOR registry were included. Bayesian multilevel structural equation models were used to study the relationship between the absolute value of (hospital) geographical latitude and age at diagnosis (as a proxy for age at RA onset). We examined to what extent this effect is mediated by individual patient characteristics and by country-specific socioeconomic indicators and disentangled whether the observed effects occurred at the patient, hospital, or country levels. RESULTS We included 37 981 patients from 93 hospitals in 17 geographically widespread countries. Mean age at diagnosis per country ranged from 39 (Iran) to 55 (Netherlands) years. Per degree increase in country latitude (between 9.9° and 55.8°), mean age at diagnosis increased by 0.23 years (95% credibility interval: 0.095 to 0.38) (reflecting >10 years difference in age at RA onset). For hospitals within a country, this latitude effect was negligible. Inclusion of patient-specific factors (eg, gender, anticitrullinated protein antibodies status) in the model augmented the main effect from 0.23 to 0.36 years. Inclusion of country-level socioeconomic indicators (eg, gross domestic product per capita) in the model almost effaced the main effect (from 0.23 to 0.051 (-0.37 to 0.38)). CONCLUSIONS Patients living closer to the equator get RA at a younger age. This latitude gradient was not explained by individual patient characteristics, but rather by countries' socioeconomic status, providing a direct link between countries' level of welfare and the clinical onset of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytske Anne Bergstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Sepriano
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Lai-Ling Winchow
- University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Vega-Morales
- Hospital General de Zona No. 17, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Karen Salomon-Escoto
- University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Rheumatology Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Robert Bm Landewé
- Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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7
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Guo X, Li N, Wang H, Su W, Song Q, Liang Q, Sun C, Liang M, Ding X, Lowe S, Sun Y. Exploratory analysis of the association between pyrethroid exposure and rheumatoid arthritis among US adults: 2007-2014 data analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14413-14423. [PMID: 36151437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that pesticide use may play an important role in the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, little is known about the effect of specific pesticides on RA. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether pyrethroid exposure was linked to RA in adults. Data were originated from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The levels of pyrethroid exposure were assessed by 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentrations in urine samples. We built multivariate logistic regression models to assess associations between pyrethroid exposure and RA among US adults. A restricted cubic spline plot (three knots) was applied to test whether there was a nonlinear relationship between exposure to pyrethroid pesticides and the prevalence of RA. Finally, 4384 subjects were included in our analysis with 278 RA patients. In crude model, higher level of 3-PBA (creatinine-adjusted) was positively associated with RA (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.15). After adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, family poverty income, level of education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol usage, physical activity, hypertension, and urinary creatinine, the highest (vs lowest) quartile of 3-PBA was associated with an increased prevalence of RA (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.79). Significantly positive associations between 3-PBA concentration and RA were observed in the population aged between 40 and 59 years and with lower level of education. The restricted cubic spline plot presented an increase in trend and indicated that pyrethroid exposure was linearly associated with occurrence of RA (p for nonlinearity = 0.728). In conclusion, our study indicated that pyrethroid pesticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of RA. Higher levels of pyrethroid exposure were linearly associated with increased prevalence of RA in adults. Certainly, our findings are in great need of further corroboration by prospective studies with strict design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Luedders BA, Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Poole JA, England BR. Inhalant and Additional Mucosal-Related Environmental Risks for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2022; 48:781-798. [PMID: 36332995 PMCID: PMC10120871 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs as the result of a complex interplay of environmental factors in a genetically susceptible individual. There is considerable evidence that the lungs may serve as an initial site of tolerance loss in the generation of RA-related autoimmunity, and several environmental inhalant exposures and lung diseases have been associated with RA risk. There is additional evidence that immune and microbial dysregulation of other mucosal sites, including the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, may contribute to the development of RA. Epidemiologic evidence linking mucosal exposures to various environmental insults as risk determinants in RA will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Luedders
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990, USA
| | - Bryant R England
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986270 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6270, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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9
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Chittrakul J, Sapbamrer R, Sirikul W. Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050207. [PMID: 35622621 PMCID: PMC9143500 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that affects people all over the world and can be caused by a variety of factors. Exposure to pesticides is one of the risk factors for the development of RA. However, the evidence of exposure to pesticides linked with the development of RA is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and RA by a systematic review of relevant literature and a meta-analysis. Full-text articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 1956 and 2021 were reviewed and evaluated. A total of eight studies were eligible for inclusion (two cohort studies, four case-control studies, and two cross-sectional studies). The adjusted odds ratio for pesticide exposure on RA was 1.20 for insecticides (95% CI = 1.12–1.28), 0.98 for herbicides (95% CI = 0.89–1.08), 1.04 for fungicides (95% CI = 0.86–1.27), and 1.15 in for non-specific pesticides (95% CI = 1.09–1.21). There is some evidence to suggest that exposure to insecticides (especially fonofos, carbaryl, and guanidines) contributes to an increased risk of RA. However, the evidence is limited because of a small number of studies. Therefore, further epidemiological studies are needed to substantiate this conclusion.
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Scott NB, Pocock NS. The Health Impacts of Hazardous Chemical Exposures among Child Labourers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5496. [PMID: 34065553 PMCID: PMC8160821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Of 218 million working children worldwide, many are suspected to be exposed to hazardous chemicals. This review aims to synthesize reported evidence over the last two decades on chemical exposure and adverse health consequences in children labourers in low- and middle-income Countries (LMIC). Included studies investigated health outcomes related to chemical exposures among child labourers aged 5-18 in LMIC. Twenty-three papers were selected for review, focusing on pesticides (n = 5), solvents (n = 3), metals (n = 13) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (n = 2). Adverse health effects identified among child labourers included abnormal biomarkers, for example elevated blood and urine chemical concentrations, neurobehavioural deficits and neurological symptoms, mental health issues, oxidative stress and DNA damage, poor growth, asthma, and hypothyroidism. Workplace exposure to chemicals has pernicious health effects on child labourers. Large research gaps exist, in particular for long-term health impacts through chronic conditions and diseases with long latencies. A sizeable disease burden in later life is likely to be directly attributable to chemicals exposures. We urge national and international agencies concerned with child labour and occupational health, to prioritize research and interventions aiming to reduce noxious chemical exposures in workplaces where children are likely to be present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola S. Pocock
- Lumos Foundation, London EC3R 8NB, UK;
- Gender Violence & Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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11
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Etiologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Update on Mucosal, Genetic, and Cellular Pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:21. [PMID: 33646410 PMCID: PMC7919619 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Over the last few years, the scientific community has made significant progress in understanding the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we summarize those key findings and trends. Recent Findings New data strongly implicates respiratory exposures, obesity, diet and microbiome, genetics, and their interactions in the etiology of RA. Furthermore, anti-posttranslationally modified protein antibodies (AMPAs) and abnormal glycosylation may be additional biomarkers for RA. Finally, functional genomics techniques implicate loss of certain macrophage populations and proliferation of synovial fibroblasts in RA. Summary These findings support the notion that RA originates at mucosal sites, augmented by genetic predisposition, and mediated by certain cell types including macrophages and fibroblasts. Weight loss, physical activity, and diet are additional modifiable factors beyond smoking cessation that can reduce risk of RA. Future epidemiologic and translational studies leveraging multi-omics approaches will help map the precise sequence of events in RA pathogenesis.
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12
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Inhalants other than personal cigarette smoking and risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 32:279-288. [PMID: 32141952 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review summarizes the current evidence on inhalants other than personal cigarette smoking and risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RECENT FINDINGS Personal cigarette smoking has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for seropositive RA, perhaps by inducing autoimmunity at pulmonary mucosa. Since many patients with RA are nonsmokers, other inhalants are being investigated as potential RA risk factors. Recent case-control and cohort studies have investigated passive cigarette smoking, air pollution, inhalant-related occupations, silica, pesticides, household environment, and allergic inhalants as inhalant exposures for RA risk. Inhalant-related occupations and silica inhalants have the most consistent evidence for associations with increased RA risk. However, most studies relied on retrospective designs and had limited ability to adjust for personal cigarette smoking or investigate associations among nonsmokers. SUMMARY Several inhalants other than personal cigarette smoking may be associated with increased risk for developing RA. These results support the hypothesis that inhalants, pulmonary mucosal inflammation, and RA pathogenesis may be linked. Future studies are needed to firmly establish the independence of these findings from personal cigarette smoking and to determine the specific inhalants and biologic mechanisms related to RA pathogenesis.
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Salliot C, Nguyen Y, Boutron-Ruault MC, Seror R. Environment and Lifestyle: Their Influence on the Risk of RA. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103109. [PMID: 32993091 PMCID: PMC7601336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease in which environmental agents are thought to interact with genetic factors that lead to triggering of autoimmunity. Methods: We reviewed environmental, hormonal, and dietary factors that have been suggested to be associated with the risk of RA. Results: Smoking is the most robust factor associated with the risk of RA, with a clear gene–environment interaction. Among other inhalants, silica may increase the risk of RA in men. There is less evidence for pesticides, pollution, and other occupational inhalants. Regarding female hormonal exposures, there is some epidemiological evidence, although not consistent in the literature, to suggest a link between hormonal factors and the risk of RA. Regarding dietary factors, available evidence is conflicting. A high consumption of coffee seems to be associated with an increased risk of RA, whereas a moderate consumption of alcohol is inversely associated with the risk of RA, and there is less evidence regarding other food groups. Dietary pattern analyses (Mediterranean diet, the inflammatory potential of the diet, or diet quality) suggested a potential benefit of dietary modifications for individuals at high risk of RA. Conclusion: To date, smoking and silica exposure have been reproducibly demonstrated to trigger the emergence of RA. However, many other environmental factors have been studied, mostly with a case-control design. Results were conflicting and studies rarely considered potential gene–environment interactions. There is a need for large scale prospective studies and studies in predisposed individuals to better understand and prevent the disease and its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Salliot
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.S.); (Y.N.); (M.-C.B.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre of Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), INSERM U1184, Université Paris-Sud, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.S.); (Y.N.); (M.-C.B.-R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, AP-HP. Nord, Hôpital Beaujon, Université de Paris, F-92100 Clichy, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.S.); (Y.N.); (M.-C.B.-R.)
| | - Raphaèle Seror
- Centre of Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), INSERM U1184, Université Paris-Sud, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Saclay—Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33(0)145-213-759
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