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Cui J, Zhai Z, Wang S, Song X, Qiu T, Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhang H. The role and impact of abnormal vitamin levels in autism spectrum disorders. Food Funct 2024; 15:1099-1115. [PMID: 38221882 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with a predominance of social behavioral disorders, has increased dramatically in various countries in recent decades. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors is believed to underlie ASD pathogenesis. Recent analyses have shown that abnormal vitamin levels in early life are associated with an increased risk of autism. As essential substances for growth and development, vitamins have been shown to have significant benefits for the nervous and immune systems. However, it is unknown whether certain vitamin types influence the emergence or manifestation of ASD symptoms. Several studies have focused on vitamin levels in children with autism, and neurotypical children have provided different insights into the types of vitamins and their intake. Here, we review the mechanisms and significance of several vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) that are closely associated with the development of ASD in order to prevent, mitigate, and treat ASD. Efforts have been made to discover and develop new indicators for nutritional assessment of children with ASD to play a greater role in the early detection of ASD and therapeutic remission after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- Department of child health care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hositipal of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zidan Zhai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- Department of child health care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hositipal of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of child health care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hositipal of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- Department of child health care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hositipal of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Cheng X, Jiang Y, Chen X, Huang C, Li S. Early age at menarche is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes: a 6‑year retrospective study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023:10.1007/s00404-023-07256-6. [PMID: 37837545 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preeclampsia affects between 2 to 8% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with significant adverse outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. The present study aims to investigate whether there is a correlation between early age at menarche and an increased risk of developing preeclampsia and experiencing adverse neonatal outcomes. METHODS The study involved a review of medical records of 4227 pregnant women who gave birth at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College between January 2017 and December 2022. The collected data included demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, laboratory indicators, gestational complications, and neonatal outcomes. Pregnant women were categorized into four groups based on their age at menarche (≤ 12, 13, 14, and ≥ 15 years). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between different menarche age groups and the risk of preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes. RESULTS Pregnant women who had an age at menarche of ≤ 12 years had a higher risk of preeclampsia than women who had their menarche at 13, 14, and ≥ 15 years of age, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for preeclampsia of 1.00 (reference), 0.78 (0.45-0.91), 0.76 (0.59-0.88), and 0.73 (0.56-0.94), respectively. The predictive efficacy of age at menarche for preeclampsia was assessed with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.2% and 76.4%, respectively, and an AUC of 0.82. Moreover, infants born to women with an age at menarche of ≤ 12 years had a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, including small for gestational age, preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that an early age at menarche is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes. This information could be useful for obstetricians to identify women at risk for preeclampsia early on and implement timely interventions to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia and associated adverse neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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Kabbani N, Blüher M, Stepan H, Stumvoll M, Ebert T, Tönjes A, Schrey-Petersen S. Adipokines in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Data. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051419. [PMID: 37239090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are signaling proteins involved in metabolic, endocrinological, vascular and immunogenic processes. Associations of various adipokines with not only insulin resistance but also with increased insulin sensitivity, increased systolic blood pressure, and atherosclerosis highlight the significance of adipokines in several components of metabolic syndrome and metabolic diseases in general. As pregnancy presents a unique metabolic state, the role of adipokines in pregnancy, and even in various pregnancy complications, appears to be key to elucidating these metabolic processes. Many studies in recent years have attempted to clarify the role of adipokines in pregnancy and gestational pathologies. In this review, we aim to investigate the changes in maternal adipokine levels in physiological gestation, as well as the association of adipokines with pregnancy pathologies, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE). Furthermore, we will analyze the association of adipokines in both maternal serum and cord blood with parameters of intrauterine growth and various pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Kabbani
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, The University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Palalıoğlu RM, Erbiyik HI. Assessment of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:870-882. [PMID: 36604828 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate whether the SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in first trimester maternal serum was associated with the presence of preeclampsia (PE). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 women with early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE), 27 women with late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE), and 27 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Levels of serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS E-Selectin levels in patients with EO-PE were higher than those with LO-PE and control patients (pE-L = 0.025; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). There was no significant intergroup difference in terms of P-selectin and RBP4 levels (p > 0.05). SERPINC1 levels were lower in the patients in the with EO-PE group than in those in the LO-PE and the control groups (pE-L = 0.000; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). In the PE group, there was a negative, moderate (41.7%) correlation between E-selectin level and SERPINC1 (p = 0.002; p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off values for E-selectin were 23.14 ng/ml > with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off values for SERPINC1 were ≤87.76 ng/ml with 98.1% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity. DISCUSSION Of the endothelial damage parameters, E-selectin and SERPINC1 are especially associated with EO-PE. Furthermore, they can be used as potential early diagnosis markers in the prediction of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Merve Palalıoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Erbiyik
- Operation Room Services, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Moral Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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Malik J, Ahmad S, Aziz H, Roohi N, Iqbal MA. Proteomic Profiling of Maternal Serum for Early Risk Analysis of Preterm Birth. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666220412122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The absence of absolute clinical indicators and suitable biomarkers hinders the timely diagnosis of women at risk of preterm birth. It influences roughly 12% of births. At
delivery and clinical presentation, preterm births are generally inspected based on the gestational
period. Different disturbed pathways are associated with the signs of at-risk pregnancies.
Objective:
The main purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the serum proteome of early deliveries and help health care professionals to improve the understanding of the progression of
preterm birth.
Methods:
In the present study, 200 pregnant females of 20-30 years of age were selected. We collected samples of second and third-trimester pregnant females, out of which 40 females delivered
preterm. We further divided them into three groups, i.e., extremely preterm group, very preterm,
and controls. Overall comparison of serum profiles of all the three groups expressing fourteen proteins ranging between 200-10kDa was made. Serum proteins were isolated by one-dimensional
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and photographed by totalLab quant
software. Groups were evaluated using the ANOVA Tukey’s Post Hoc analysis.
Results:
Proteins of 69kDa and 15kDa expressed a significant decrease when compared with control subjects. In contrast, the proteins of 23kDa expressed a significant increase, while the proteins
of 77kDa, 45kDa, and 25kDa demonstrated no considerable variation.
Conclusion:
The serum proteins showing significant difference as compared to the control group
will serve as predictive biomarkers for at-risk pregnancies. The present study is expected to considerably improve the understanding of the disease pathogenesis along with improved diagnostic and
therapeutic approaches leading to better management of pregnancy and reducing the risk of
preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaaf Ahmad
- King Edward Medical University, Neela
Gumbad, Anarkali, Lahore, 54000-Pakistan
| | - Humaira Aziz
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Roohi
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590-Lahore, Pakistan
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Plasma Retinoid Concentrations Are Altered in Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071365. [PMID: 35405978 PMCID: PMC9002937 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is vital to maternal–fetal health and pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about pregnancy associated changes in maternal vitamin A homeostasis and concentrations of circulating retinol metabolites. The goal of this study was to characterize retinoid concentrations in healthy women (n = 23) during two stages of pregnancy (25–28 weeks gestation and 28–32 weeks gestation) as compared to ≥3 months postpartum. It was hypothesized that plasma retinol, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), transthyretin and albumin concentrations would decline during pregnancy and return to baseline by 3 months postpartum. At 25–28 weeks gestation, plasma retinol (−27%), 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid (−34%), and albumin (−22%) concentrations were significantly lower, and all-trans-retinoic acid (+48%) concentrations were significantly higher compared to ≥3 months postpartum in healthy women. In addition, at 28–32 weeks gestation, plasma retinol (−41%), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4; −17%), transthyretin (TTR; −21%), albumin (−26%), 13-cis-retinoic acid (−23%) and 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid (−48%) concentrations were significantly lower, whereas plasma all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations (+30%) were significantly higher than ≥3 months postpartum. Collectively, the data demonstrates that in healthy pregnancies, retinol plasma concentrations are lower, but all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations are higher than postpartum.
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Shahid R, Bari MF, Hussain M. Serum biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia: A meta-analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:14-27. [PMID: 35140561 PMCID: PMC8802864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Preeclampsia is a major risk factor for maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity. There have been tremendous efforts to identify serum biomarkers which can reliably predict the occurrence of preeclampsia. The study aims to assess the biomarkers that have the greatest utility in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Methods A systematic search was performed on the PubMed literature database, and chain references were retrieved. Original research articles composed of case controls, cohorts, randomised control trials, and cross-sectional studies were included. The recorded variables included each study's design, type, year, and location; the value (mean ± standard deviation) of the markers in the patients and the pregnant controls; and the p-value, unit of measurement, and the sample size of each study. The results were interpreted based on the standardised mean difference (SMD) values. Results A total of 398 studies were retrieved from the PubMed database. After further analysis, 89 studies were selected for this review. An additional 47 studies were included based on chain referencing. Later, 136 full-text articles were reviewed in detail and their data were entered. Finally, 25 studies, in which 13 serum biomarkers were assessed, were selected for this meta-analysis. The levels of the angiogenic markers fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt), sFlt/placental growth factor (PlGF), and endoglin were significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia than in the pregnant controls. The levels of PlGF and the lipid biomarkers high density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin were significantly lower, while the levels of triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (APO-B), and leptin were elevated in the preeclamptic patients compared to the pregnant controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion In our study, the values of the serum biomarkers sFlt, PlGF, sFlt/PlGF, HDL, adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides, and APO-B differed significantly between preeclampsia patients and the pregnant controls. These findings demand advanced evaluation of biomarkers to enhance diagnostic screening for preeclampsia.
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Gannon BM, Jones C, Mehta S. Vitamin A Requirements in Pregnancy and Lactation. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa142. [PMID: 32999954 PMCID: PMC7513584 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are critical life stages with unique nutritional requirements, including for vitamin A (VA). Current DRIs for VA were published in 2001. The objective of this review was to identify and categorize evidence related to VA requirements in pregnancy and lactation since these DRIs were formulated. We searched MEDLINE and included articles according to an analytic framework of maternal VA exposure on status and health outcomes in the mother-child dyad. Intermediate and indirect evidence supports that maternal VA intakes can impact the mother's VA status, breastmilk, and health outcomes, as well as the child's VA status and select health outcomes. Food-based approaches can lead to more sustained, sufficient VA status in mothers and children. Research needs include further study linking maternal VA intakes on maternal and child VA status, and further associations with outcomes to determine intake requirements to optimize health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Camille Jones
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Daskalakis G, Bellos I, Nikolakea M, Pergialiotis V, Papapanagiotou A, Loutradis D. The role of serum adipokine levels in preeclampsia: A systematic review. Metabolism 2020; 106:154172. [PMID: 32027908 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia represents a major pregnancy complication, associated with high rates of perinatal morbidity. The aim of this systematic review is to accumulate current literature evidence in order to examine the pattern of serum adipokine levels among preeclamptic women and asses their potential efficacy in the prediction of the disease. METHODS Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from inception. All observational studies reporting serum adipokine values among preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women were held eligible. RESULTS A total of 163 studies were included, comprising 23,482 women. Leptin was evaluated in 91 studies and its values were found to be significantly elevated in preeclamptic women during all pregnancy trimester, independently of disease onset and severity. Preeclampsia was also associated with increased serum fatty acid binding protein-4 and chemerin levels, when measured both during the 1st and 3rd trimester. Data concerning the rest adipokines were either conflicting or limited to reach firm conclusions. Quality of evidence was evaluated to be high for leptin, moderate for serum fatty acid binding protein-4 and chemerin and low for the other adipokines. CONCLUSIONS The existing evidence suggests that preeclampsia is linked to increased levels of leptin, chemerin and fatty acid binding protein-4 in all pregnancy trimesters and forms of the disease. Inconsistent data currently exists concerning the role of the other adipokines. Large-scale prospective studies should longitudinally evaluate the serum concentration of novel adipokines and define the optimal threshold and timing of measurement to be widely applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Melina Nikolakea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ferranti EP, Frediani JK, Mitchell R, Fernandes J, Li S, Jones DP, Corwin E, Dunlop AL. Early Pregnancy Serum Metabolite Profiles Associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in African American Women: A Pilot Study. J Pregnancy 2020; 2020:1515321. [PMID: 32148965 PMCID: PMC7049834 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1515321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the most common cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy, affecting nearly 10% of US pregnancies and contributing substantially to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In the US, women of African American race are at increased risk for HDP. Early biomarkers that reliably identify women at risk for HDP remain elusive, yet are essential for the early identification and targeting of interventions to improve maternal and infant outcomes. We employed high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that were altered in early (8-14 weeks) gestation serum samples of pregnant African American women who developed HDP after 20 weeks' gestation (n = 20)-either preeclampsia (PE; n = 11) or gestational hypertension (gHTN; n = 9)-compared to those who delivered full term without complications (n = 80). We found four metabolic pathways that were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in women who developed PE and five pathways that were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in women who developed gHTN compared to women who delivered full term without complications. We also found that four specific metabolites (p < 0.05) were distinctly upregulated (retinoate, kynurenine) or downregulated (SN-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2'4'-dihydroxyacetophenone) in women who developed PE compared to gHTN. These findings support that there are systemic metabolic disruptions that are detectable in early pregnancy (8-14 weeks of gestation) among pregnant African American women who develop PE and gHTN. Furthermore, the early pregnancy metabolic disruptions associated with PE and gHTN are distinct, implying they are unique entities rather than conditions along a spectrum of the same disease process despite the common clinical feature of high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P. Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Frediani
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Department of Computer Science, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Rm 436, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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