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Qu L, Ma XP, Simayi A, Wang XL, Xu GP. Comparative efficacy of various pharmacologic treatments for alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:148-162. [PMID: 38170803 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was to compare multiple classes of medications and medication combinations to find alternatives or additives for patients not applicable to benzodiazepines (BZDs). We performed a network meta-analysis to assess the comparative effect of 11 pharmacologic treatments in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Forty-one studies were included, comprising a total sample size of 4187 participants. The pooled results from the randomized controlled trials showed that there was no significant difference in the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment-Alcohol, revised (CIWA-Ar) reduction with other medications or medication combinations compared to BZDs. Compared to BZDs, the mean difference in ICU length of stay of anticonvulsants + BZDs was -1.71 days (95% CI = -2.82, -0.59). Efficacy rankings from cohort studies showed that anticonvulsant + BZDs were superior to other treatments in reducing CIWA-Ar scores and reducing the length of stay in the ICU. Synthesis results from randomized controlled trials indicate that there are currently no data suggesting that other medications or medication combinations can fully replace BZDs. However, synthetic results from observational studies have shown that BZDs are effective in the context of adjuvant anticonvulsant therapy, particularly with early use of gabapentin in combination with BZDs in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which represents a promising treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
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Fluyau D, Kailasam VK, Pierre CG. Beyond benzodiazepines: a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis of the efficacy and safety of alternative options for alcohol withdrawal syndrome management. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1147-1157. [PMID: 37380897 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepines (non-BZDs) to benzodiazepines (BZDs) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). METHODS For relevant literature, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, OVID MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were included, omitted were nonblinded trials, blinded trials that were not randomized, and open-label studies. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment was used to assess the trial's quality. A meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis were carried out. RESULTS Twenty non-BZDs and five BZDs were investigated in thirty RCTs. Meta-analysis favored gabapentin over chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam (d = 0.563, p < 0.001) and carbamazepine over oxazepam and lorazepam (d = 0.376, p = 0.029), for reducing Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) scale scores. Eleven non-BZDs fared better than BZDs for reducing CIWA-Ar, Total Severity Assessment, Selective Severity Assessment, Borg and Weinholdt, and Gross Rating Scale for Alcohol Withdrawal scores. Eight non-BZDs outmatched BZDs regarding autonomic, motor, awareness, and psychiatric symptoms. Sedation and fatigue were prevalent in BZDs, while seizures were prevalent in non-BZDs. CONCLUSION For AWS treatments, non-BZDs are superior to or equally effective as BZDs. Non-BZD adverse events warrant further investigation. Agents that inhibit gated ion channels are promising candidates. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022384875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimy Fluyau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Strayer RJ, Friedman BW, Haroz R, Ketcham E, Klein L, LaPietra AM, Motov S, Repanshek Z, Taylor S, Weiner SG, Nelson LS. Emergency Department Management of Patients With Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, and Alcohol Use Disorder: A White Paper Prepared for the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. J Emerg Med 2023; 64:517-540. [PMID: 36997435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Strayer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Benjamin W Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rachel Haroz
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Eric Ketcham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Behavioral Health, Addiction Medicine, Presbyterian Healthcare System, Santa Fe & Española, New Mexico
| | - Lauren Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, West Islip, New York
| | - Alexis M LaPietra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey
| | - Sergey Motov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Zachary Repanshek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott G Weiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis S Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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Hickman ZL, Spielman LA, Barthélemy EJ, Choudhri TF, Engelman B, Giwa AO, Greisman JD, Margetis K, Race M, Rahman J, Todor DR, Tsetsou S, Ullman JS, Unadkat P, Dams-O'Connor K. International Survey of Antiseizure Medication Use in Patients with Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A New York Neurotrauma Consortium Study. World Neurosurg 2022; 168:e286-e296. [PMID: 36191888 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seizures and epilepsy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect quality of life and longevity. Antiseizure medication (ASM) prophylaxis after severe TBI is associated with improved outcomes; these medications are rarely used in mild TBI. However, a paucity of research is available to inform ASM use in complicated mild TBI (cmTBI) and no empirically based clinical care guidelines for ASM use in cmTBI exist. We aim to identify seizure prevention and management strategies used by clinicians experienced in treating patients with cmTBI to characterize standard care and inform a systematic approach to clinical decision making regarding ASM prophylaxis. METHODS We recruited a multidisciplinary international cohort through professional organizational listservs and social media platforms. Our questionnaire assessed factors influencing ASM prophylaxis after cmTBI at the individual, institutional, and health system-wide levels. RESULTS Ninety-two providers with experience managing cmTBI completed the survey. We found a striking diversity of ASM use in cmTBI, with 30% of respondents reporting no/infrequent use and 42% reporting frequent use; these tendencies did not differ by provider or institutional characteristics. Certain conditions universally increased or decreased the likelihood of ASM use and represent consensus. Based on survey results, ASMs are commonly used in patients with cmTBI who experience acute secondary seizure or select positive neuroimaging findings; we advise caution in elderly patients and those with concomitant neuropsychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to characterize factors influencing clinical decision making in ASM prophylaxis after cmTBI based on multidisciplinary multicenter provider practices. Prospective controlled studies are necessary to inform standardized guideline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Hickman
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York New York Neurotrauma Consortium (NYNC), LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A Spielman
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernest J Barthélemy
- Division of Neurosurgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Engelman
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Al O Giwa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacob D Greisman
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Konstantinos Margetis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meaghan Race
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Jueria Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - D Roxanne Todor
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Jacobi, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Spyridoula Tsetsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jamie S Ullman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Prashin Unadkat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York New York Neurotrauma Consortium (NYNC), LLC, New York, New York, USA. kristen.dams-o'
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Seshadri A, Appelbaum R, Carmichael SP, Farrell MS, Filiberto DM, Jawa R, Kodadek L, Mandell S, Miles MVP, Paul J, Robinson B, Michetti CP. Prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the surgical ICU: an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Critical Care Committee Clinical Consensus Document. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2022; 7:e001010. [PMCID: PMC9680182 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common and challenging clinical entity present in trauma and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The screening tools, assessment strategies, and pharmacological methods for preventing alcohol withdrawal have significantly changed during the past 20 years. This Clinical Consensus Document created by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Critical Care Committee reviews the best practices for screening, monitoring, and prophylactic treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the surgical ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupamaa Seshadri
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Appelbaum
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samuel P Carmichael
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dina M Filiberto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Randeep Jawa
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Kodadek
- Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samuel Mandell
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - M Victoria P Miles
- College of Medicine Chattanooga, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jasmeet Paul
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bryce Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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