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Friesen EL, Bailey J, Hyett S, Sedighi S, de Snoo ML, Williams K, Barry R, Erickson A, Foroutan F, Selby P, Rosella L, Kurdyak P. Hazardous alcohol use and alcohol-related harm in rural and remote communities: a scoping review. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 7:e177-e187. [PMID: 34774200 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a major risk factor for death and disease worldwide and alcohol-related harms appear to be more prevalent in rural and remote, relative to urban, communities. This Review synthesised international research on rural-urban disparities in hazardous and harmful alcohol use and risk factors for these outcomes within rural and remote communities. 280 studies from 49 countries were included in the Scoping Review. Most studies (60%) found rural, relative to urban, residence to be associated with an increased likelihood of hazardous alcohol use or alcohol-related harm. This proportion increased between 1990 and 2019 and varied by country, age group, and outcome type, being highest in Australia, among young adults, and for more severe alcohol-related harms, such as drink driving and alcohol-related suicide. Improved public health strategies to reduce the burden of alcohol use in rural communities are required but their efficacy will depend on how well they are tailored to the unique needs of the region they are implemented in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Loewen Friesen
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jacob Bailey
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hyett
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Sedighi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Williams
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Barry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anders Erickson
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Rosella
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu CC, Liu CH, Sun Y, Lee HJ, Tang LY, Chiu MJ. Rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Taiwan: A door-to-door nationwide study. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:502-509. [PMID: 33840652 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening or diagnosis for the elderly with dementia in rural regions might be delayed and underestimated due to limited utilization of healthcare resources. This study aimed to evaluate the disparities of prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia between urban and rural residence. METHODS In this nationwide door-to-door survey, 10,432 participants aged 65 years and more were selected by computerized random sampling from all administrative districts in Taiwan and were assessed by an in-person interview. We calculated the prevalence of MCI and dementia with their risk factors examined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of dementia in rural, suburban, and urban areas among the elderly was 8.69% (95% CI, 8.68-8.69), 6.63% (95% CI, 6.62-6.63), and 4.46% (95% CI, 4.46-4.47), respectively. A similar rural-suburban-urban gradient relationship on the dementia prevalence was observed in any age and sex group. The rural/urban ratio was higher in women than in men for both MCI and dementia. Urbanization remained to be an independent factor for both MCI and dementia after adjustment for age, gender, education, lifestyle, and health status. The beneficial effects of exercise on dementia were more evident in rural areas than in urban ones. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher prevalence of MCI and dementia were found in rural areas than in urban ones, especially for women. The odds of risk factors for MCI and dementia varied between urbanization statuses. Focus on the rural-urban inequality and the modification of associated factors specifically for different urbanization levels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Liu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University
| | - Chien-Hui Liu
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital
| | | | | | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics; National Taiwan University
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Vichitkunakorn P, Conigrave KM, Geater AF, Assanangkornchai S. A Context-Specific Instrument to Record Drinking Behaviour: A Pilot Study on Implications of Identifying the Context of Risky Drinking. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:167-177. [PMID: 32399600 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A context-specific quantity-frequency (CSQF) questionnaire has been developed to accurately measure alcohol consumption using probing questions on drinking context. The study aimed to describe the drinking context associated with different drinking intensities in a community of southern Thailand using the CSQF. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged > 15 years in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Among 804 participants, there were 183 current drinkers with 412 drinking events (215 low-, 79 medium-, and 118 high-intensity). More than half of these events occurred in special situations (i.e., holiday, party, and cultural drinking). About half of the drinking events occurred outside the drinker's house and most drinking events occurred among friends. Higher drinking intensity was associated with higher level of education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.74 for medium- and aOR 5.23 for high-intensity] and with a special drinking situation (aOR 2.46 for medium- and aOR 2.78 for high-intensity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Polathep Vichitkunakorn
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Katherine M Conigrave
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alan F Geater
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Patients with head and neck cancer may need more intensive pain management to maintain daily functioning: a multi-center study. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:1663-1672. [PMID: 30112724 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of pain, pain management, and impact of recent pain on daily functioning in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and patients with other cancers. METHODS This multi-center survey was conducted by using Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire to evaluate pain status and its impact on daily functioning. RESULTS A total of 3289 patients were analyzed including 708 HNC patients and 2581 patients with other cancers. The overall pain prevalence was 69.17%. A higher percentage of HNC patients had recent pain (60.59 vs. 44.01%, P < 0.001), required pain management (86.29 vs. 72.03%, P < 0.001), and used any analgesics (53.81 vs. 34.52%, P < 0.001). HNC patients with pain management had a higher prevalence of recent pain (85.83 vs. 81.14%, P = 0.044) and a slightly lower satisfaction rate (74.00 vs. 79.70%, P = 0.070). Regarding the impact of pain on daily functioning, HNC patients had a lower mean interference score for general activity such as walking, normal work, sleep, and life enjoyment. CONCLUSIONS The HNC patients may need more intensive pain management to achieve optimal pain control and maintain daily functioning.
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