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Watts A, Singh B, Singh H, Bal A, Kaur H, Dhanota N, Arora SK, Mittal BR, Behera D. [ 68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging for in vivo CXCR4 receptor mapping in different lung cancer histologic sub-types: correlation with quantitative receptors' density by immunochemistry techniques. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1216-1227. [PMID: 36482077 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo CXCR4 receptor quantification in different lung cancer (LC) sub-types using [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and to study correlation with quantitative CXCR4 receptors' tissue density by immunochemistry analyses. METHODS [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging was performed prospectively in 94 (77 M: 17F, mean age 60.1 ± 10.1 years) LC patients. CXCR4 receptors' expression on lung mass in all the patients was estimated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses. SUVmax on PET, intensity score on IHC, and mean fluorescence index (MFI) on FACS analyses were measured. RESULTS A total of 75/94 (79.8%) cases had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 14 (14.9%) had small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 5 (5.3%) had lung neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). All LC types showed increased CXCR4 expression on PET (SUVmax) and FACS (MFI). However, both these parameters (mean SUVmax = 10.3 ± 5.0; mean MFI = 349.0 ± 99.0) were significantly (p = 0.005) higher in SCLC as compared to those in NSCLC and lung NEN. The mean SUVmax in adenocarcinoma (n = 16) was 8.0 ± 1.9 which was significantly (p = 0.003) higher than in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 54; 6.2 ± 2.1) and in not-otherwise specified (NOS) sub-types (n = 5; 5.8 ± 1.5) of NSCLC. A significant correlation (r = 0.697; p = 001) was seen between SUVmax and MFI values in squamous cell NSCLC as well as in NSCLC adenocarcinoma (r = 0.538, p = 0.031) which supports the specific in vivo uptake of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor by CXCR4 receptors. However, this correlation was not significant in SCLC (r = 0.435, p = 0.121) and NEN (r = 0.747, p = 0.147) which may be due to the small sample size. [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT provided good sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (78.1%) for differentiating SCLC from NSCLC (ROC cutoff SUVmax = 7.2). This technique presented similar sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (71.4%) (ROC cutoff SUVmax = 6.7) for differentiating adenocarcinoma and squamous cell variants of NSCLC. CONCLUSION The high sensitivity and specificity of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for in vivo targeting of CXCR4 receptors in lung cancer can thus be used effectively for the response assessment and development of CXCR4-based radioligand therapies in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Watts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Baljinder Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Harmandeep Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Harneet Kaur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ninjit Dhanota
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sunil K Arora
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bhagwant R Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Shekhawat AS, Singh B, Malhotra P, Watts A, Basher R, Kaur H, Hooda M, Radotra BD. Imaging CXCR4 receptors expression for staging multiple myeloma by using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211272. [PMID: 35731811 PMCID: PMC10162067 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targets CXCR4 expression which is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for imaging CXCR4 expression in MM and compared results with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT. METHODS 34 (21M; 13F; median age = 57.5 years) treatment naive multiple myeloma patients were recruited. All the patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging. Freshly prepared 68Ga-Pentixafor (148-185 MBq) was injected intravenously and whole-body PET/CT (low-dose CT) was acquired at 1 h post-injection. The pattern of uptake (diffuse, focal or mixed) and the mean SUVmax value of all the lesions (when lesions were ≤5) or of the five most tracer avid lesions (when lesions was >5) were evaluated. Tumor to background ratio (TBRmax) was calculated for both the tracers. Durie Salmon plus staging (DSPS) was used for disease staging on PET and the results were compared with International staging system (ISS). RESULTS 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT showed higher disease extent than seen on 18F-FDG PET/CT in 23/34 patients (68.0%), lesser disease extent in 2/34 (6%) and similar disease extent in 9/34 (26%) patients. Significantly (p < 0.001) higher TBRmax values (5.7; IQR 8.8) were observed on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT as compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT values (2.9; IQR = 4.0). Both the techniques detected extramedullary lesions in six patients. On the other hand, 68Ga-Pentixafor detected medullary lesions in five, whereas, 18F-FDG PET in three patients. Further, only 68Ga-Pentixafor TBRmax correlated significantly (ρ = 0.421; 0.013) with bone marrow plasma cell percentage. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET upstaged more number (9/29) of patients as compared to (4/29) 18F-FDG PET imaging. On the other hand, 18F-FDG PET down-staged 9/29, whereas 68Ga-Pentixafor PET downstaged only 3/29 patients. CONCLUSION 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT evaluated the whole-body disease burden of CXCR4 receptors non-invasively which is not possible by tissue sampling methods. This novel PET tracer has also implication for disease staging. Dual 68Ga-Pentixafor/18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may help in determining the tumor heterogeneity in MM. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This CXCR4 targeting PET tracer has a promising role in the development of CXCR4 targeting theranostics and also for response assessment to these therapies including the conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh Shekhawat
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Baljinder Singh
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Clinical Haematology & Medical Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankit Watts
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajender Basher
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harneet Kaur
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Hooda
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan D Radotra
- Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Qiu L, Xu Y, Xu H, Yu B. The clinicopathological and prognostic value of CXCR4 expression in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:681. [PMID: 35729596 PMCID: PMC9210617 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been suggested to play an important role in several types of cancers and is related to biological behaviors connected with tumor progression. However, the clinical significance and application of CXCR4 in lung cancer remain disputable. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of CXCR4 expression on survival and clinicopathological features in lung cancer. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for relevant studies. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs)/odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by STATA 12.0 to evaluate the potential value of CXCR4 expression. Results Twenty-seven relevant articles involving 2932 patients with lung cancer were included in our meta-analysis. The results revealed that CXCR4 expression was apparently associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42–1.82) and disease-free survival (HR 3.39, 95% CI 2.38–4.83). Furthermore, a significant correlation with poor OS was obvious in non-small cell lung cancer patients (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.81) and in patients showing CXCR4 expression in the cytoplasm (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.55–2.84) and the membrane (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.24–2.45). CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with men (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.61), advanced tumor stages (T3-T4) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.28–4.28), advanced nodal stages (N > 0) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.90–2.90), distant metastasis (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.53–8.69), advanced TNM stages (TNM stages III, IV) (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.95–4.93) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.44–4.12) but was not associated with age, smoking history, histopathology, differentiation, lymphatic vessel invasion or local recurrence. Conclusion High expression of CXCR4 is related to tumor progression and might be an adverse prognostic factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Biyun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
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Parol-Kulczyk M, Gzil A, Ligmanowska J, Grzanka D. Prognostic significance of SDF-1 chemokine and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 involved in EMT of prostate cancer. Cytokine 2021; 150:155778. [PMID: 34920230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tendency to conversion from state of chronic inflammation to malignancy is a tumor characteristic trait, which encourages progression to its metastatic stage.. The inflammatory cells maintaining in the tumor inaugurate a communication with cancer cells and become tumor-fostering cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program supporting malignant cells during switch phenotype into metastatic form, providing looseness of cell-cell adherence and strengthens migratory or invasive features. EMT-undergone tumor cells become more aggressive and resistant to apoptosis. Additionally, malignant cells can be stimulated to manufacture proinflammatory factors throughout EMT program. Chronic inflammation is responsible for EMT induction in malignancies. Developed tumors induce inflammatory response through excretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, which recruit populations of infiltrating immune cells straight to the tumor microenvironment. The inflammatory reaction potentially exerts tumor control, but instead it can be intercepted by the tumor to stimulate its own development in direction to metastatic form. Our study confirmed that SDF-1 chemokine and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7 may participate in initiation of metastases formation and EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Parol-Kulczyk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ligmanowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
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Chai X, Yinwang E, Wang Z, Wang Z, Xue Y, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Mou H, Sun L, Qu H, Wang F, Zhang Z, Chen T, Ye Z. Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis and Their Therapeutic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692788. [PMID: 34722241 PMCID: PMC8552022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Bone metastasis, which usually accompanies severe skeletal-related events, is the most common site for tumor distant dissemination and detected in more than one-third of patients with advanced lung cancer. Biopsy and imaging play critical roles in the diagnosis of bone metastasis; however, these approaches are characterized by evident limitations. Recently, studies regarding potential biomarkers in the serum, urine, and tumor tissue, were performed to predict the bone metastases and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent clinical research studies on biomarkers detected in samples obtained from patients with lung cancer bone metastasis. These markers include the following: (1) bone resorption-associated markers, such as N-terminal telopeptide (NTx)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b), pyridinoline (PYD), and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP); (2) bone formation-associated markers, including total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP), osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OS), amino-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen/carboxy-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP/PINP); (3) signaling markers, including epidermal growth factor receptor/Kirsten rat sarcoma/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/KRAS/ALK), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4), complement component 5a receptor (C5AR); and (4) other potential markers, such as calcium sensing receptor (CASR), bone sialoprotein (BSP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), cytokeratin 19 fragment/carcinoembryonic antigen (CYFRA/CEA), tissue factor, cell-free DNA, long non-coding RNA, and microRNA. The prognostic value of these markers is also investigated. Furthermore, we listed some clinical trials targeting hotspot biomarkers in advanced lung cancer referring for their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Barvitenko N, Aslam M, Lawen A, Saldanha C, Skverchinskaya E, Uras G, Manca A, Pantaleo A. Two Motors and One Spring: Hypothetic Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II and Submembrane Actin-Based Cytoskeleton in Cell Volume Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7967. [PMID: 34360739 PMCID: PMC8347689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma membrane curvature and intracellular ionic strength are two key features of cell volume perturbations. In this hypothesis we present a model of the responsible molecular apparatus which is assembled of two molecular motors [non-muscle myosin II (NMMII) and protrusive actin polymerization], a spring [a complex between the plasma membrane (PM) and the submembrane actin-based cytoskeleton (smACSK) which behaves like a viscoelastic solid] and the associated signaling proteins. We hypothesize that this apparatus senses changes in both the plasma membrane curvature and the ionic strength and in turn activates signaling pathways responsible for regulatory volume increase (RVI) and regulatory volume decrease (RVD). During cell volume changes hydrostatic pressure (HP) changes drive alterations in the cell membrane curvature. HP difference has opposite directions in swelling versus shrinkage, thus allowing distinction between them. By analogy with actomyosin contractility that appears to sense stiffness of the extracellular matrix we propose that NMMII and actin polymerization can actively probe the transmembrane gradient in HP. Furthermore, NMMII and protein-protein interactions in the actin cortex are sensitive to ionic strength. Emerging data on direct binding to and regulating activities of transmembrane mechanosensors by NMMII and actin cortex provide routes for signal transduction from transmembrane mechanosensors to cell volume regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Experimental Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Carlota Saldanha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | | | - Giuseppe Uras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Vieira-Rocha MS, Vojtek M, Sousa JB, Diniz C. Insights into Nuclear G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Non-Communicable Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:439. [PMID: 34066915 PMCID: PMC8148550 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large protein superfamily divided into six classes, rhodopsin-like (A), secretin receptor family (B), metabotropic glutamate (C), fungal mating pheromone receptors (D), cyclic AMP receptors (E) and frizzled (F). Until recently, GPCRs signaling was thought to emanate exclusively from the plasma membrane as a response to extracellular stimuli but several studies have challenged this view demonstrating that GPCRs can be present in intracellular localizations, including in the nuclei. A renewed interest in GPCR receptors' superfamily emerged and intensive research occurred over recent decades, particularly regarding class A GPCRs, but some class B and C have also been explored. Nuclear GPCRs proved to be functional and capable of triggering identical and/or distinct signaling pathways associated with their counterparts on the cell surface bringing new insights into the relevance of nuclear GPCRs and highlighting the nucleus as an autonomous signaling organelle (triggered by GPCRs). Nuclear GPCRs are involved in physiological (namely cell proliferation, transcription, angiogenesis and survival) and disease processes (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). In this review we summarize emerging evidence on nuclear GPCRs expression/function (with some nuclear GPCRs evidencing atypical/disruptive signaling pathways) in non-communicable disease, thus, bringing nuclear GPCRs as targets to the forefront of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Vieira-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin Vojtek
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Clinical association of CXCR4 in primary tumor of papillary thyroid cancer and response to iodine-131 treatment. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:396-401. [PMID: 33306632 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has an excellent prognosis. However, patients with such, if refract to radioiodine treatment, increase recurrent and mortality rates. Tumor aggressiveness in primary tumor of PTC expresses CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Thus, CXCR4 expression of the tumor may predict response to radioiodine treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of seventy-four PTC patients, treated with total/near-total thyroidectomy and radioiodine treatment at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from January 2007 to 2013, were classified as non-radioiodine-refractory (non-RAIR) or RAIR treatment response. All histopathologic diagnoses were reviewed and paraffin blocks were retrieved for CXCR4 immunostaining, determined by automated digital imaging analysis for intensity and extension. The scores were compared between primary tumour and adjacent normal thyroid tissue as well as between the tissue of non-RAIR and that of RAIR. Factors determining type of RAI response were analyzed. RESULTS CXCR4 immunostaining scores of PTC is significantly higher than normal thyroid [2.03 (0.52) and 1.48 (0.75)] [mean (SD)] (P = 0.0001). CXCR4 immunostaining scores in RAIR are potentially higher than non-RAIR [1.95 (0.54) and 2.13 (0.47) (P = 0.149)]. Odds ratio of CXCR4 immunostaining score for predicting RAIR treatment is 1.99 (P = 0.150). CXCR4 immunostaining scores positively associate with tumor size (R = 0.298, P = 0.01); whereas no significant association with other clinicopathologic factors. CONCLUSION Our data support the notion that CXCR4 are significantly expressed in PTC tumor over normal thyroid tissues. However, there is no clinical association with radioiodine treatment response.
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Fung AS, Kopciuk K, Dean ML, D’Silva A, Otsuka S, Klimowicz A, Hao D, Morris D, Bebb DG. CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241240. [PMID: 33507926 PMCID: PMC7842928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients. METHODS Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM). RESULTS 176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Fung
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle L. Dean
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrijana D’Silva
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon Otsuka
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Desiree Hao
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Don Morris
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Gwyn Bebb
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zhu YT, Li F, Zhang Y, Chen SY, Tighe S, Lin SY, Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 Purified From Human Amniotic Membrane Reverts Human Corneal Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts to Keratocytes by Activating BMP Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:62. [PMID: 32462202 PMCID: PMC7405802 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fibrosis or scarring is a pathological outcome of wound healing and is characterized by terminally differentiated myofibroblasts. Heavy chain-hyaluronic acid/pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3) is a unique matrix component purified from amniotic membrane that exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, we investigate whether HC-HA/PTX3 can also exert an antiscarring effect. Methods Human corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were seeded on plastic, immobilized HA or HC-HA/PTX3 or on plastic with or without soluble HA and HC-HA/PTX3 in DMEM+10% FBS, with or without AMD3100 or SB431542 in DMEM+ITS with or without transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1). Transcript expression of keratocyte and signaling markers was determined by RT-qPCR. Immunostaining was performed to monitor cytolocalization of signaling markers and α-SMA. Western blotting was used to measure relative protein level. Results Human corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts cultured in or on HC-HA/PTX3, but not HA, were refrained from cytoplasmic expression of αSMA and nuclear translocation of pSMAD2/3 when challenged with exogenous TGF-β1. Such an antiscarring action by suppressing canonical TGF-β1 signaling was surprisingly accompanied by phenotypic reversal to keratocan-expressing keratocytes through activation of BMP signaling. Further investigation disclosed that such phenotypic reversal was initiated by cell aggregation mediated by SDF1-CXCR4 signaling highlighted by nuclear translocation of CXCR4 and upregulation of CXCR4 transcript and protein followed by activation of canonical BMP signaling. Conclusions These findings collectively provide mechanistic understanding explaining how amniotic membrane transplantation exerts an antiscarring action. In addition, HC-HA/PTX3 and derivatives may be developed into a new biologic to treat corneal blindness caused by stromal scar or opacity in the future.
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11
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Jäger B, Klatt D, Plappert L, Golpon H, Lienenklaus S, Barbosa PD, Schambach A, Prasse A. CXCR4/MIF axis amplifies tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Toyoma S, Suzuki S, Kawasaki Y, Yamada T. SDF-1/CXCR4 induces cell invasion through CD147 in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1817-1823. [PMID: 32724425 PMCID: PMC7377101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a poor prognosis due to local invasion and metastasis. The chemokine receptor CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), play roles in tumor progression through unclear mechanisms. For the present study, we used a hypopharyngeal SCC cell line, FaDu, expressing CXCR4. We found that SDF-1 promotes migration and invasion of the FaDu cells. In addition, AMD3100, a specific antagonist of CXCR4, inhibited the binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4, resulting in a significant decrease in the FaDu cell migration induced by SDF-1. Stimulation of CXCR4 with SDF-1 induced an increase in the expression of CD147, a cell membrane protein; and this CD147 upregulation was abrogated by AMD3100. CD147 function-blocking antibodies also abolished the SDF-1-induced FaDu invasiveness. Our results suggested that SDF-1/CXCR4 mediate hypopharyngeal SCC cell migration and that CD147 is involved in the SDF-1/CXCR4-related tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Toyoma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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13
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Zhu Q, Luo R, Gu J, Hou Y, Chen Z, Xu F, Wang L, Mao W, Lu C, Ge D. High CXCR4 Expression Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Resected Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:810-818. [PMID: 31949484 PMCID: PMC6959020 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare malignant tumor in the lung and its biological behavior has not yet been thoroughly described. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical and biological role of CXCR4 in patients with resected lung ASC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with histologically confirmed lung ASC who underwent surgical resection with systematic lymph node dissection. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CXCR4 in tumor tissues. The correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. The association between CXCR4 expression and patients' prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Moreover, we performed in vitro studies including CCK8, transwell and cell apoptosis to explore the potential role of CXCR4 in lung ASC. Results: A total of 78 patients with resected lung ASC were reviewed. Seventy (89.7%) patient tumors expressed CXCR4, with high level of CXCR4 expression observed in 45 (57.7%) cases. In vitro, CXCR4 conferred no difference in proliferative capacity but increased invasive potential, enhanced chemoresistance and inhibited apoptosis of lung ASC. Clinically, high CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with solid ASC, lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Patients with high CXCR4 expression and solid ASC had decreased disease-free survival and overall survival.Conclusions: CXCR4 was commonly expressed in lung ASC tumors. High CXCR4 expression might be a novel marker in predicting a poor prognosis in resected lung ASC and might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fengkai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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14
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Herrera I, Salgado-Aguayo A, Buendía-Roldán I, Becerril C, Cisneros J. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 could be a relevant molecular axis in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2357-2361. [PMID: 32922201 PMCID: PMC7484633 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.43748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disease of unknown cause. It is characterized by the aberrant activation of the bronchioalveolar epithelium, the formation of fibroblast foci and the excessive production extracellular matrix. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathobiology of the disease are unclear. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis regulates cellular responses that are known to be relevant in IPF, such as proliferation and collagen production. In this study, we characterize for the first time the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor in lung tissue from patients with IPF; and its effect on collagen production in IPF fibroblasts. We found that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has a modified expression in the lung tissue, importantly this axis is expressed on fibroblasts, and CX3CL1 decreased the collagen production in pulmonary fibroblasts derived from IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iliana Herrera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Aging and Fibrosis Lung, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina Becerril
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Cisneros
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Ni Z, Zhang L, Zheng J, Su X, Zhang S. Glycodelin As A Biomarker Of Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastases In Patients Treated With EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9421-9425. [PMID: 31807071 PMCID: PMC6843245 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s216971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain metastasis (BM) is a serious complication of advanced lung adenocarcinoma and is a prominent factor leading to lung cancer mortality. In this study, the expression of the glycodelin protein was analyzed in EGFR-mutant tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods This study features a retrospective analysis of 74 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. The expressions of glycodelin were assessed by standard immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological factors and overall survival (OS) outcomes. Results Patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with glycodelin overexpression were prone to BM (P < 0.05), and exhibited significantly shortened OS (11.8 months vs 20.4 months, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that overexpression of glycodelin and brain metastases were independent factors affecting the prognosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of glycodelin is closely related to the presence of brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for prognosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Ni
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan 523110, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan 523110, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan 523110, People's Republic of China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China
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16
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Effect of CXCL12 and Its Receptors on Unpredictable Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:e337-e342. [PMID: 31882334 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that participate in numerous cell functions during hematopoiesis, morphogenesis, inflammation, neovascularization, and autoimmune diseases and cancer. They achieve their functions on binding to their G protein-coupled receptors. CXCL12, or stromal cell-derived factor-1, is a homeostatic chemokine secreted by fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. It binds to CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin (CD184), and alternate CXC receptor 7 (CXCR7), also known as atypical chemokine receptor 3. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis participates in homing of hematopoietic stem cells and the development and production of B and T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. It has been examined in > 20 different malignancies. CXCL12 plays an important role in tumor metastasis because it mediates the migration of tumor cells through the endothelial vessel wall and extracellular matrix. Its expression has been highest in common metastatic sites such as the brain, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and liver. CXCR4 is expressed by tumor cells in prostate, breast, lung, and other malignancies. Numerous studies have shown its correlation with a poor prognosis, recurrence-free survival, and poor overall survival. The present review has addressed the structure and function of CXCL12 and its receptors and the effect CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has on the pathogenesis and clinical development of renal cell carcinoma, one of the most aggressive cancers in urology, with limited therapeutic options.
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17
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Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Vojtek M, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Vieira-Rocha MS, Sousa JB, Gonçalves J, Diniz C. Nuclear G-protein-coupled receptors as putative novel pharmacological targets. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2192-2201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Ghobrial IM, Liu CJ, Redd RA, Perez RP, Baz R, Zavidij O, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Laubach J, Henrick P, Savell A, Reyes K, Hornburg K, Chuma S, Sabbatini P, Robbins MD, Becker PS. A Phase Ib/II Trial of the First-in-Class Anti-CXCR4 Antibody Ulocuplumab in Combination with Lenalidomide or Bortezomib Plus Dexamethasone in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:344-353. [PMID: 31672767 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564) is a first-in-class fully human IgG4 monoclonal anti-CXCR4 antibody that inhibits the binding of CXCR4 to CXCL12. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase Ib/II study aimed to determine the safety and tolerability of ulocuplumab alone and in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Arm A), or bortezomib and dexamethasone (Arm B), in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. RESULTS Forty-six patients were evaluated (median age, 60 years; range, 53-67). The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1-11), with 70% of subjects having received ≥3. This trial had a dose-escalation and a dose-expansion part. Using a 3+3 design on both arms of the trial, ulocuplumab's dose was escalated to a maximum of 10 mg/kg without reaching MTD. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) were neutropenia (13 patients, 43.3%) in Arm A and thrombocytopenia (6 patients, 37.5%) in Arm B. No deaths related to study drugs occurred. The combination of ulocuplumab with lenalidomide and dexamethasone showed a high response rate (PR or better) of 55.2% and a clinical benefit rate of 72.4%, even in patients who had been previously treated with immunomodulatory agents (IMiD). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that blockade of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis by ulocuplumab is safe with acceptable AEs and leads to a high response rate in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma, making CXCR4 inhibitors a promising class of antimyeloma drugs that should be further explored in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Ghobrial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Redd
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rachid Baz
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paul G Richardson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Laubach
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Henrick
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Savell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaitlen Reyes
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kalvis Hornburg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Chuma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Sabbatini
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sunnyvale, California.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael D Robbins
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sunnyvale, California.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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19
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Jang YG, Go RE, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Resveratrol inhibits DHT-induced progression of prostate cancer cell line through interfering with the AR and CXCR4 pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105406. [PMID: 31185279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men world-wide and is known to be affected by the action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) via androgen receptor (AR). Resveratrol (Res) as a phytochemical in grapes and red wine has diverse biological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. CXCR4 as a chemokine receptor has been found to be upregulated in cancer metastasis and has been used as a prognostic marker in various types of cancer, including leukemia, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. In this study, we focused on the role of DHT in the induction of prostate cancer progression by affecting the AR and CXCR4 pathway. Also, we investigated the inhibition effect of resveratrol on DHT-induced prostate cancer metastasis. In cell viability assay, DHT increased the cell viability of LNCaP prostate cancer cells, on the other hand, Res and its combination with bicalutamide (BCT) as an AR-antagonist or AMD3100 as a CXCR4 inhibitor significantly reduced the cell viability promoted by DHT. Trans-well migration assay and wound healing assay represented the similar results with cell viability assay. According to the results of TUNEL assay, the apoptotic activity was induced by treatment of Res. As results of western blot analysis, the expression of AR, CXCR4, p-PI3K, and p-AKT and the downstream genes related with cell cycle progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were decreased and the expression of the apoptosis-related genes was increased by treatment of Res and its combination with BCT or AMD3100. This study would suggest that Res and its combination with AR and CXCR4 antagonists can be used in order to suppress the metastatic behaviors of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Gi Jang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryu-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kang N, Choi SY, Kim BN, Yeo CD, Park CK, Kim YK, Kim TJ, Lee SB, Lee SH, Park JY, Park MS, Yim HW, Kim SJ. Hypoxia-induced cancer stemness acquisition is associated with CXCR4 activation by its aberrant promoter demethylation. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:148. [PMID: 30760238 PMCID: PMC6375212 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A hypoxic microenvironment leads to an increase in the invasiveness and the metastatic potential of cancer cells within tumors via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness acquisition. However, hypoxia-induced changes in the expression and function of candidate stem cell markers and their possible molecular mechanism is still not understood. Methods Lung cell lines were analyzed in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. For screening among the stem cell markers, a transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing was performed. For validation, the EMT and stem cell characteristics were analyzed. To determine whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved, the cell lines were treated with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (AZA), and methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing were performed. Results Next-generation sequencing revealed that the CXCR4 expression was significantly higher after the hypoxic condition, which functionally resulted in the EMT and cancer stemness acquisition. The acquisition of the EMT and stemness properties was inhibited by treatment with CXCR4 siRNA. The CXCR4 was activated by either the hypoxic condition or treatment with AZA. The methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing displayed a decreased CXCR4 promoter methylation in the hypoxic condition. Conclusions These results suggest that hypoxia-induced acquisition of cancer stem cell characteristics was associated with CXCR4 activation by its aberrant promoter demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyeon Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Choi
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Bit Na Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Dong Yeo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Lee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Hansen's Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Coordinating Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Coordinating Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,The Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Wald O. CXCR4 Based Therapeutics for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100303. [PMID: 30257500 PMCID: PMC6210654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy. Unfortunately, despite advances in multimodality therapeutics for the disease, the overall five-year survival rate among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients remains in the range region of 15%. In addition, although immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being incorporated into lung cancer treatment protocols, the proportion of patients that respond to these agents remains low and the duration of response is often short. Therefore, novel methodologies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer are highly desirable. Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that interact with their 7 transmembrane G-protein⁻coupled receptors, to guide immune cell trafficking in the body under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Tumor cells highjack a small repertoire of the chemokine/chemokine receptor system and utilize it in a manner that benefits local tumor growth and distant spread. The chemokine receptor, CXCR4 is expressed in over 30 types of malignant tumors and, through interaction with its ligand CXCL12, was shown exert pleotropic pro-tumorigenic effects. In this review, the pathologic roles that CXCL12/CXCR4 play in lung cancer propagation are presented. Furthermore, the challenges and potential benefits of incorporating drugs that target CXCL12/CXCR4 into immune-based lung cancer therapeutic protocols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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22
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Dubuc C, Savard M, Bovenzi V, Lessard A, Côté J, Neugebauer W, Geha S, Chemtob S, Gobeil F. Antitumor activity of cell-penetrant kinin B1 receptor antagonists in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2851-2865. [PMID: 30132865 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High nuclear expression of G protein-coupled receptors, including kinin B1 receptors (B1R), has been observed in several human cancers, but the clinical significance of this is unknown. We put forward the hypothesis that these "nuclearized" kinin B1R contribute to tumorigenicity and can be a new target in anticancer strategies. Our initial immunostaining and ultrastructural electron microscopy analyses demonstrated high B1R expression predominantly located at internal/nuclear compartments in the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line as well as in clinical samples of patients with TNBC. On the basis of these findings, in the present study, we evaluated the anticancer therapeutic potential of newly identified, cell-permeable B1R antagonists in MDA-MB-231 cells (ligand-receptor binding/activity assays and LC-MS/MS analyses). We found that these compounds (SSR240612, NG67, and N2000) were more toxic to MDA-MB-231 cells in comparison with low- or non-B1R expressing MCF-10A normal human mammary epithelial cells and COS-1 cells, respectively (clonogenic, MTT proliferative/cytocidal assays, and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS)-based apoptosis analyses). By comparison, the peptide B1R antagonist R954 unable to cross cell membrane failed to produce anticancer effects. Furthermore, the putative mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of cell-penetrant B1R antagonists were assessed by analyzing cell cycle regulation and signaling molecules related to cell survival and apoptosis (FACS and western blot). Finally, drug combination experiments showed that cell-penetrant B1R antagonists can cooperate with suboptimal doses of chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) to promote TNBC death. This study provides evidence on the potential value of internally acting kinin B1R antagonists in averting growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céléna Dubuc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Savard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronica Bovenzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée Lessard
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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23
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Overexpression of amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) gene promotes lung adenocarcinoma aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo by upregulating C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:53. [PMID: 30103827 PMCID: PMC6090807 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously found that overexpression of the gene known as amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, the role of AIB1 in that malignancy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the function of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis. Methods A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to elucidate the function of AIB1, while real-time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to identify the potential downstream targets of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Rescue experiments and in vitro assays were performed to investigate whether the invasiveness of AIB1-induced lung adenocarcinoma was mediated by C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Results The ectopic overexpression of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells substantially enhanced cell migration and invasive abilities in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas the depletion of AIB1 expression substantially inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion. CXCR4 was identified as a potential downstream target of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma. The knockdown of AIB1 greatly reduced CXCR4 gene expression at both the transcription and protein levels, whereas the knockdown of CXCR4 in cells with AIB1 ectopic overexpression diminished AIB1-induced migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association between the expression of AIB1 and CXCR4 in lung adenocarcinoma patients (183 cases), and the co-overexpression of AIB1 and CXCR4 predicted the poorest prognosis. Conclusions These findings suggest that AIB1 promotes the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo by upregulating CXCR4 and that it might be usable as a novel prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target for this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0320-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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24
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Stumpf C, Kaemmerer D, Neubauer E, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Somatostatin and CXCR4 expression patterns in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung relative to small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1921-1932. [PMID: 30076481 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is highly prevalent and has an especially poor prognosis. Thus, new diagnostic and therapeutic targets are necessary. Two potential targets are somatostatin receptors (SST), which are overexpressed in well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is present mainly in highly proliferative and advanced tumours. Although their expression is relatively well characterized in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), data on SST and CXCR4 expression are scarce and contradictory. METHODS We comparatively evaluated 83 tumour samples from a total of 57 lung cancer patients, of which 22 had adenocarcinoma (ADC), 21 had squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and 15 had SCLC. Samples were evaluated for SST and CXCR4 expression using immunohistochemistry with well-characterized rabbit monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS In the samples investigated, the most prominently expressed receptors were CXCR4 and SST5. Specifically, CXCR4 was detected with high expression intensity in more than 60% of ADC samples, about 90% of SQC, and 100% of SCLC. SST5 was present in about 75% of ADC and SQC samples and in more than 90% of SCLC. Although not noticeably expressed in ADC and SQC samples, SST2 was detected in 50% of SCLC cases, with a subset of patients displaying exceptionally high expression. The comparison of the three tumour entities revealed that SCLC samples had higher SST2, SST5, and CXCR4 expression, but lower SST3 and SST1 relative to ADC or SQC samples. CONCLUSION CXCR4 may be a promising target for diagnostics and therapy in both SCLC and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stumpf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Elisa Neubauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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25
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He W, Yang T, Gong XH, Qin RZ, Zhang XD, Liu WD. Targeting CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 inhibits the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3976-3982. [PMID: 30128017 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing volume of data indicates that disrupting the interaction between CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its specific ligand, CXC motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), may reduce tumor growth and metastasis. However, the translation from bench to bedside must be performed with extreme caution, as the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is crucial for the normal development and maintenance of tissues and organs. In the present study, Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell migration assays were used to detect in vitro proliferation and chemotaxis of CXCR4-expressing A549 cells, a cell strain originating from human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with or without the presence of AMD3100, a small-molecule inhibitor specific to CXCR4 signaling. In a xenograft model established by injecting nude mice with A549 cells, tumor growth, CXCR4 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in the tumor mass were determined through tumor size measurements and immunohistochemical staining following intraperitoneal administration of AMD3100 or vehicle. The results demonstrated that CXCR4 blockade inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and their migration towards CXCL12 in vitro. Tumor growth, CXCR4 expression and MVD were markedly reduced in nude mice treated with AMD3100 compared with mice treated with the vehicle. In conclusion, the present data demonstrated that CXCR4 targeting impaired NSCLC cell growth, angiogenesis and metastatic spread, indicating that it may represent a novel treatment strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Gong
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Zhai Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511447, P.R. China
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26
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Dubuc C, Savard M, Bovenzi V, Lessard A, Fortier A, Côté J, Neugebauer W, Rizzolio F, Geha S, Giordano A, Chemtob S, Gobeil F. Targeting intracellular B2 receptors using novel cell-penetrating antagonists to arrest growth and induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515778 PMCID: PMC5839409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral cell-surface proteins having a central role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, several GPCRs retain an atypical intracellular/nuclear location in various types of cancer. The pathological significance of this is currently unknown. Here we extend this observation by showing that the bradykinin B2R (BK-B2R) is nuclearly expressed in the human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 and in human clinical specimens of TNBC. We posited that these “nuclearized” receptors could be involved in oncogenic signaling linked to aberrant growth and survival maintenance of TNBC. We used cell-penetrating BK-B2R antagonists, including FR173657 and novel transducible, cell-permeable forms of the peptide B2R antagonist HOE 140 (NG68, NG134) to demonstrate their superior efficacy over impermeable ones (HOE 140), in blocking proliferation and promoting apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Some showed an even greater antineoplastic activity over conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. The cell-permeable B2R antagonists had less to no anticancer effects on B2R shRNA-knockdown or non-B2R expressing (COS-1) cells, indicating specificity in their action. Possible mechanisms of their anticancer effects may involve activation of p38kinase/p27Kip1 pathways. Together, our data support the existence of a possible intracrine signaling pathway via internal/nuclear B2R, critical for the growth of TNBC cells, and identify new chemical entities that enable to target the corresponding intracellular GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céléna Dubuc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Savard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronica Bovenzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée Lessard
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Fortier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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27
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Teixidó J, Martínez-Moreno M, Díaz-Martínez M, Sevilla-Movilla S. The good and bad faces of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:121-131. [PMID: 29288743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cell migration and activation under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemokines bind to seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that are coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, which are the responsible for intracellularly transmitting the activating signals for cell migration. Hematopoiesis, vascular development, lymphoid organ morphogenesis, cardiogenesis and neural differentiation are amongst the processes involving chemokine function. In addition, immune cell trafficking from bone marrow to blood circulation, and from blood and lymph to lymphoid and inflamed tissues, is tightly regulated by chemokines both under physiological conditions and also in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, chemokine binding to their receptors stimulate trafficking to and positioning of cancer cells into target tissues and organs during tumour dissemination. The CXCL12 chemokine (also known as stromal-cell derived factor-1α, SDF-1α) plays key roles in hematopoiesis and lymphoid tissue architecture, in cardiogenesis, vascular formation and neurogenesis, as well as in the trafficking of solid and hematological cancer cell types. CXCL12 binds to the CXCR4 receptor, a multi-facetted molecule which tightly mirrors CXCL12 functions in homeostasis and disease. This review addresses the important roles of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in homeostasis, specially focusing in hematopoiesis, as well as it provides a picture of CXCR4 as mediator of cancer cell spreading, and a view of the available CXCR4 antagonists in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Teixidó
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sevilla-Movilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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28
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A fully human CXCR4 antibody demonstrates diagnostic utility and therapeutic efficacy in solid tumor xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12344-58. [PMID: 26848769 PMCID: PMC4914289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For physiologically important cancer therapeutic targets, use of non-invasive imaging for therapeutic guidance and monitoring may improve outcomes for treated patients. The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in many cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). CXCR4 overexpression contributes to tumor growth, progression and metastasis. There are several CXCR4-targeted therapeutic agents currently in clinical trials. Since CXCR4 is also crucial for normal biological functions, its prolonged inhibition could lead to unwanted toxicities. While CXCR4-targeted imaging agents and inhibitors have been reported and evaluated independently, there are currently no studies demonstrating CXCR4-targeted imaging for therapeutic guidance. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used for cancer therapy and imaging. Here, an 89Zr-labeled human CXCR4-mAb (89Zr-CXCR4-mAb) was evaluated for detection of CXCR4 expression with positron emission tomography (PET) while its native unmodified analogue was evaluated for therapy in relevant models of NSCLC and TNBC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 89Zr-CXCR4-mAb showed enhanced uptake in NSCLC xenografts with a high expression of CXCR4. It also had the ability to detect lymph node metastases in an experimental model of metastatic TNBC. Treatment of high and low CXCR4 expressing NSCLC and TNBC xenografts with CXCR4-mAb demonstrated a therapeutic response correlating with the expression of CXCR4. Considering the key role of CXCR4 in normal biological functions, our results suggest that combination of 89Zr-CXCR4-mAb-PET with non-radiolabeled mAb therapy may provide a precision medicine approach for selecting patients with tumors that are likely to be responsive to this treatment.
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29
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Cancer stem cell and its niche in malignant progression of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:140-147. [PMID: 29224811 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their niche with progression of oral potentially malignant disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders, stratified into high/low risk lesions based on the degree of dysplasia and oral cancer were included in this study. Immunohistochemical profiling of markers of CSCs (CD44), endothelial cells (CD31) and CSC-vascular niche cross-talk (CXCR4 and SDF1) were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the relationship of markers with histopathology grade (ANOVA, and χ2 test, unpaired t test) using GraphPad InStat v3.06. RESULTS The study included 550 samples (349 patients) and analysis showed progressive increase in expression levels of CSC and its niche markers with increase in grade of dysplasia as compared to the normal cohort (p < 0.05). Co-expression analysis revealed that, in comparison to the normal cohort, a larger percentage of patients showed increased expression of CD31 and CD44 (CD31high/CD44high; p < 0.05) and of CXCR4 and SDF1 (CXCR4high/SDF1high; p = 0.04), suggesting an association of the CSCs and the vascular niche. Further, distribution of patients with CD44high/CXCR4high (p < 0.05) and CD31high/SDF1high (p = 0.01) was significantly increased in the high-risk group (18%), suggesting a correlation between CD44+/CXCR4+ cells, the vascular niche and progression of oral dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSION The increased expression of CSCs, the vascular niche and their cross talk markers are associated with increase in severity of dysplasia suggesting their role in the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders and may hence be used in identifying high-risk OPMD.
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30
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Katsura M, Shoji F, Okamoto T, Shimamatsu S, Hirai F, Toyokawa G, Morodomi Y, Tagawa T, Oda Y, Maehara Y. Correlation between CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis expression and prognosis in lymph-node-positive lung cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:154-165. [PMID: 29032612 PMCID: PMC5765305 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis plays important roles in the migration of tumor cells during cancer development by modulating site‐specific distant metastasis including to regional lymph nodes. We investigated the correlation of these chemokine expressions to prognosis in lymph‐node‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 140 surgically resected specimens of primary site (PS) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) of NSCLC involving hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes (N1‐2) were collected. CXCR4, CXCR7 and CXCL12 expressions were evaluated. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether these chemokines were independent prognostic factors in N1‐2 NSCLC. High expression of CXCR4 in PS and CXCL12 in MLN was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P = .025 and .033, respectively). Significant correlations between CXCR4 expression in PS and CXCL12 expression in MLN were observed (P = .040). There was significant difference in OS between 2 groups according to expressions of CXCR4 in PS and CXCL12 in MLN (P = .0033). Expression of CXCL12 in MLN was identified as an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.08‐3.04, P = .023). CXCL12 in MLN was mainly expressed by tumor cells compared with stromal cells (56% vs 25%, respectively, P < .0001). CXCR4/CXCL12 may play roles in tumor progression in MLN and is associated with poor prognosis of lymph‐node‐positive NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Katsura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Okamoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shimamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hirai
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gouji Toyokawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The global incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, and metastatic spread to the lymph nodes is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The metastatic course of thyroid carcinoma is an intricate process involving invasion, angiogenesis, cell trafficking, extravasation, organ specific homing, and growth. A key aspect in this process involves a multitude of interactions between chemokines and their receptors. Chemokines are a group of small proteins, which act to elicit normal physiologic and immune responses principally through recruitment of specific cell populations to the site of infection or malignancy. Thyroid cancer cells, like other tumors, possess the ability to corrupt the chemokine system to their advantage by altering cell movement into the tumor microenvironment and affecting all aspects of thyroid cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharinie Yapa
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital , Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Mulla
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital , Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Green
- 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Hull, United Kingdom
| | - James England
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital , Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Hull , Hull, United Kingdom
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Phattarataratip E, Dhanuthai K. Expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptors 4 and 7 in salivary gland neoplasms. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Isatin inhibits SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell invasion and metastasis through MAO/HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:645-653. [PMID: 28379899 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Isatin was reported to possess anticancer activities through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind isatin's ability to inhibit neuroblastoma cell metastasis. Our results demonstrated that isatin could inhibit neuroblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, isatin inhibited the expression level of monoamine oxidase A as well as that of its downstream protein hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Further study indicated that isatin inhibited reactive oxygen species production, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 phosphorylation, and chemokine receptor type 4 expression. All results support the potential antimetastatic effect of isatin in neuroblatoma cells.
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34
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Weixler B, Renetseder F, Facile I, Tosti N, Cremonesi E, Tampakis A, Delko T, Eppenberger-Castori S, Tzankov A, Iezzi G, Kettelhack C, Soysal SD, von Holzen U, Spagnoli GC, Terracciano L, Tornillo L, Droeser RA, Däster S. Phosphorylated CXCR4 expression has a positive prognostic impact in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:609-619. [PMID: 28936810 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine axis plays an important role in cell trafficking as well as in tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in some studies, however, the role of its activated (phosphorylated) form, pCXCR4, has not yet been evaluated. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 in a large cohort of CRC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) of 684 patient specimens of primary CRCs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the expression of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 by tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs). RESULTS The combined high expression of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 showed a favorable 5-year overall survival rate (68%; 95%CI = 59-76%) compared to tumors showing a high expression of CXCR4 only (48%; 95%CI = 41-54%). High expression of pCXCR4 was significantly associated with a favorable prognosis in a test and validation group (p = 0.015 and p = 0.0001). Moreover, we found that CRCs with a high density of pCXCR4+ tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) also showed a favorable prognosis in a test and validation group (p = 0.054 and p = 0.004). Univariate Cox regression analysis for TICs revealed that a high density of pCXCR4+ TICs was a favorable prognostic marker for overall survival (HR = 0.97,95%CI = 0.96-1.00; p = 0.01). In multivariate Cox regression survival analyses a high expression of pCXCR4 in tumor cells lost its association with a better overall survival (HR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.99-1.00, p = 0.098). CONCLUSION Our results show that high densities of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 positive TICs are favorable prognostic factors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weixler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Renetseder
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Facile
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Cremonesi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Tampakis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Delko
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Iezzi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Kettelhack
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U von Holzen
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, Goshen, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - G C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - S Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Bouter C, Meller B, Sahlmann CO, Staab W, Wester HJ, Kropf S, Meller J. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT Imaging of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Chronic Infection of the Bone: First Insights. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:320-326. [PMID: 28729430 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.193854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its role in infection and inflammatory processes, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 might be a potent target in imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the CXCR4 ligand 68Ga-pentixafor is suitable for imaging chronic infection of the bone. Methods: The study comprised 14 patients with suspected infection of the skeleton who underwent 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT between April 2015 and February 2017 in our facility. 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT results were retrospectively evaluated against a histologic, bacteriologic, and clinical standard. The results were also compared with available bone scintigraphy, white blood cell scintigraphy, and 18F-FDG PET/CT results. Results:68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT was positive in 9 of 14 patients. Diagnoses included osteitis or osteomyelitis of peripheral bone, osteomyelitis of the maxilla, and infected endoprostheses. Target-to-background ratios were 5.1-15 (mean, 8.7). Eight of 9 cases were true-positive as confirmed by pathology, bacteriology, or clinical observation. All negative cases were confirmed as true-negative by other imaging modalities and follow-up. Conclusion: Imaging of CXCR4 expression with 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT appears suitable for diagnosing chronic infection of the skeleton. The findings of this study reveal a possible diagnostic gain in suspected chronic infections that are difficult to diagnose by other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Meller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten O Sahlmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wieland Staab
- Department of Radiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
| | | | - Johannes Meller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Cong Z, Wu H, Guo Z, Qin T, Xu Y, Jing H, Wang Y, Shen Y. High expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and Notch1 is predictive of lymphovascular invasion and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317708698. [PMID: 28618922 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317708698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Cong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jing
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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37
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Thomas M, Snead D, Mitchell D. An investigation into the potential role of brain angiogenesis inhibitor protein 3 (BAI3) in the tumorigenesis of small-cell carcinoma: a review of the surrounding literature. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:325-334. [PMID: 28537194 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1328441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain angiogenesis inhibitor protein 3 (BAI3) is from the adhesion group of seven-transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and has been identified via gene expression profiling as being upregulated in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors. It has subsequently been validated as a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for SCLC, helping to differentiate these tumors from morphologically similar large-cell neuroendocrine (LCNEC) malignancies. It is, however, still unclear as to the role BAI3 proteins might play in SCLC and indeed how they might contribute to tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the pattern of staining observed on immunohistochemistry was in fact nuclear as opposed to the membranous staining pattern expected of transmembrane-bound molecules. This fact has lead the authors to believe that the protein receptor is structurally altered in SCLC and that this modification may confer different behavioral properties that contribute toward tumorigenesis. Nuclear localization is not unique to BAI3 and has been reported in a number of GPCRs and frequently correlates with survival outcomes. BAI3 has the potential to act as target for pharmaceutical intervention inline with developing trends in molecular pathology aiming to provide personalized, treatment regimes based on tumor-specific mutation profiles. The adhesion group of the GPCR superfamily is still poorly understood. We present a review of the existing literature regarding the role they play in both physiological and disease states and the mechanisms by which they influence a range of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thomas
- a Department of Histopathology , University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
| | - David Snead
- a Department of Histopathology , University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
| | - Daniel Mitchell
- b Department of Translational Medicine , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
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38
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Saba NF, Wang Y, Fu H, Koenig L, Khuri FR, Shin DM, Chen ZG. Association of Cytoplasmic CXCR4 With Loss of Epithelial Marker and Activation of ERK1/2 and AKT Signaling Pathways in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:e203-e210. [PMID: 28073681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compelling evidence demonstrates that CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is involved in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy in addition to being one of the coreceptors for T-tropic human immunodeficiency virus entry into T cells. However, it remains controversial as to how to identify functionally activated CXCR4 in tumor biopsies, which would assist in determining which patients may benefit from potential CXCR4-targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on archival tissues of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was used to detect a panel of biomarkers, including phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-AKT, and E-cadherin, which are relevant to downstream signaling of CXCR4 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also examined whether subcellular localization of CXCR4 could help define possible activation of CXCR4. RESULTS A total of 94 primary tumor tissue samples from patients with NSCLC were included. Sixty-six patients had both cytomembranous and nuclear staining of CXCR4, 22 had solely nuclear staining, 5 had solely cytomembranous staining, and 1 had negative staining. Cytoplasmic location of CXCR4 with or without nuclear location was associated with loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (P = .0015) and activation of ERK1/2 (P = .0121) and AKT (P = .0024), suggesting EMT in these tumors; whereas tumors with only nuclear location of CXCR4 were more indolent and preserved an epithelial phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that different subcellular localization of CXCR4 may be associated with different activation states; cytoplasmic CXCR4 seems to correlate with biomarker changes associated with EMT in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongpeng Fu
- China Health Development and Research Center, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lydia Koenig
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhuo Georgia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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39
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GPR171 expression enhances proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7856-65. [PMID: 26760963 PMCID: PMC4884959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most significant therapeutic targets and some of them promote the growth and metastasis of cancer. Here, we show that an increase in the levels of GPR171 is crucial for lung cancer tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Immunostaining of clinical samples indicated that GPR171 was overexpressed in 46.8% of lung carcinoma tissues. Depletion of GPR171 with an anti-GPR171 antibody decreased proliferation of lung carcinoma cells and attenuated tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model. Knockdown of GPR171 also inhibited migration and invasion of the lung cancer cell lines. Notably, inhibition of GPR171 synergistically enhanced the tumoricidal activity of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in lung cancer cells. These results indicate that GPR171 blockade is a promising antineoplastic strategy and provide a preclinical rationale for combined inhibition of GPR171 and EGFR.
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40
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Mir H, Kapur N, Singh R, Sonpavde G, Lillard JW, Singh S. Andrographolide inhibits prostate cancer by targeting cell cycle regulators, CXCR3 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:819-26. [PMID: 27029529 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1148836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite state of the art cancer diagnostics and therapies offered in clinic, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Hence, more robust therapeutic/preventive regimes are required to combat this lethal disease. In the current study, we have tested the efficacy of Andrographolide (AG), a bioactive diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata, against PCa. This natural agent selectively affects PCa cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, without affecting primary prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, AG showed differential effect on cell cycle phases in LNCaP, C4-2b and PC3 cells compared to retinoblastoma protein (RB(-/-)) and CDKN2A lacking DU-145 cells. G2/M transition was blocked in LNCaP, C4-2b and PC3 after AG treatment whereas DU-145 cells failed to transit G1/S phase. This difference was primarily due to differential activation of cell cycle regulators in these cell lines. Levels of cyclin A2 after AG treatment increased in all PCa cells line. Cyclin B1 levels increased in LNCaP and PC3, decreased in C4-2b and showed no difference in DU-145 cells after AG treatment. AG decreased cyclin E2 levels only in PC3 and DU-145 cells. It also altered Rb, H3, Wee1 and CDC2 phosphorylation in PCa cells. Intriguingly, AG reduced cell viability and the ability of PCa cells to migrate via modulating CXCL11 and CXCR3 and CXCR7 expression. The significant impact of AG on cellular and molecular processes involved in PCa progression suggests its potential use as a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Mir
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama of Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - James W Lillard
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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41
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Drug-resistant CXCR4-positive cells have the molecular characteristics of EMT in NSCLC. Gene 2016; 594:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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42
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Xu Z, Li P, Wei D, Wang Z, Bao Y, Sun J, Qu L, Wang L. NMMHC-IIA-dependent nuclear location of CXCR4 promotes migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2681-2688. [PMID: 27634189 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor cysteine (C)-X-C receptor (CXCR4) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that exerts a vital role in distant metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Emerging evidence demonstrates that CXCR4 as the cytomembrane receptor translocated into the nucleus to facilitate cell migration and, therefore, determine the prognosis of several types of malignancies. However, the biological mechanism of nuclear location of CXCR4 remains unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the significant implications of the putative nuclear localization sequence (NLS) '146RPRK149̓ on CXCR4 subcellular localization and metastatic potential by point-mutation assay in RCC cell lines. Importantly, mass spectrum followed by immunoprecipitation identified non-muscle myosin heavy chain-IIA (NMMHC-IIA) as the CXCR4-interacting protein. Furthermore, pharmaceutical inhibition of NMMHC-IIA by blebbistatin dampened the nuclear translocation of CXCR4 as well as the metastatic capacity of RCC cells. In conclusion, the present study may drive the comprehensive progress toward elucidating the mechanism responsible for CXCR4 nuclear function and metastasis in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Health Contingent, No. 71210 Unit of People's Liberation Army, Yantai, Shantong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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43
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Kaemmerer D, Träger T, Hoffmeister M, Sipos B, Hommann M, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Inverse expression of somatostatin and CXCR4 chemokine receptors in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of different malignancy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27566-79. [PMID: 26259237 PMCID: PMC4695009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are widely distributed in well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and serve as primary targets for diagnostics and treatment. An overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, in contrast, is considered to be present mainly in highly proliferative and advanced tumors. Comparative data are still lacking, however, for neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). METHODS SSTR subtype (1, 2A, 3, 5) and CXCR4 expression was evaluated in G1 (n = 31), G2 (n = 47), and low (G3a; Ki-67: 21-49%; n = 21) and highly proliferative (G3b; Ki-67: >50%, n = 22) G3 (total n = 43) gastroenteropancreatic NEN samples by performing immunohistochemistry with monoclonal rabbit anti-human anti-SSTR and anti-CXCR4 antibodies, respectively, and was correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Both CXCR4 and SSTR were widely expressed in all tumors investigated. CXCR4 expression differed significantly between the G1 and G3 specimens and within the G3 group (G3a to G3b), and was positively correlated with Ki-67 expression. SSTR2A, in contrast, exhibited an inverse association with Ki-67. SSTR2A was highly expressed in G1 and G2 tumors, but was significantly less abundant in G3 carcinomas. Additionally, SSTR1 expression was higher in G3a than in G3b tumors. CONCLUSION We observed an elevation in CXCR4 and a decrease in SSTR2A expression with increasing malignancy. Interestingly, 23% of the G3 specimens had strong SSTR2A expression. Because CXCR4 was strongly expressed in highly proliferative G3 carcinomas, it is an interesting new target and needs to be validated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Tina Träger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Merten Hommann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Katkoori VR, Basson MD, Bond VC, Manne U, Bumpers HL. Nef-M1, a peptide antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colon and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27763-77. [PMID: 26318034 PMCID: PMC4695024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nef-M1 peptide competes effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in colon cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Its role in tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, key steps involved in tumor growth and metastasis, are unknown. We evaluated the angioinhibitory effect of Nef-M1 peptide and examined its role in the inhibition of EMT in these cancers. Colon (HT29) and breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cells expressing CXCR4 were studied in vitro and in xenograft tumors propagated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with Nef-M1 or scrambled amino acid sequence of Nef-M1 (sNef-M1) peptide, a negative control, starting at the time of tumor implantation. Sections from tumors were evaluated for tumor angiogenesis, as measured by microvessel density (MVD) based on immunostaining of endothelial markers. In vitro tumor angiogenesis was assessed by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned media from the tumor cell lines. A BC cell line (MDA-MB 468) which does not express CXCR4 was used to study the actions of Nef-M1 peptide. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses assessed the effect of Nef-M1 on tumor angiogenesis and EMT in both tumors and cancer cells. Metastatic lesions of CRC and BC expressed more CXCR4 than primary lesions. It was also found that tumors from mice treated with sNef-M1 had well established vascularity, while Nef-M1 treated tumors had very poor vascularization. Indeed, the mean MVD was lower in tumors from Nef-M1 treated mice than in sNef-M1 treated tumors. Nef-M1 treated tumor has poor morphology and loss of endothelial integrity. Although conditioned medium from CRC or BC cells supported HUVEC tube formation, the conditioned medium from Nef-M1 treated CRC or BC cells did not support tube formation. Western blot analyses revealed that Nef-M1 effectively suppressed the expression of VEGF-A in CRC and BC cells and tumors. This suggests that Nef-M1 treated CRC and BC cells are more consistent with E-cadherin signature, and thus appears more epithelial in nature. Our data indicate that Nef-M1 peptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and the oncogenic EMT process. Targeting the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, mediated pathways using Nef-M1 may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for CRC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Katkoori
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harvey L Bumpers
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
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Salimi P, Esmaeili A. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor CCXCKR (CCRL1) in Human Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2016.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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46
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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Jung YH, Lee DY, Cha W, Kim BH, Sung MW, Kim KH, Ahn SH. Antitumor effect of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 on the tumorigenic cell line of BHP10-3 papillary thyroid cancer cells. Head Neck 2016; 38:1479-86. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Doh Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Wonjae Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bo Hae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam South Korea
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48
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Osman NM, Osman WM. SDF-1 and MMP2 cross talk in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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49
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Kaemmerer D, Reimann C, Specht E, Wirtz RM, Sayeg M, Baum RP, Schulz S, Lupp A. Differential expression and prognostic value of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3346-58. [PMID: 25671300 PMCID: PMC4413658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For many tumors, the overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with increased malignancy and poor patient outcomes. However, comprehensive data for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung are still lacking. Methods CXCR4 expression was evaluated in a panel of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NEN) comprising typical carcinoids (n = 26), atypical carcinoids (n = 30), and small cell lung cancers (SCLC, n = 34). Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the novel monoclonal rabbit anti-human CXCR4 antibody UMB-2 and by qRT-PCR. The expression was correlated with clinical data and overall patient survival. Results CXCR4 was predominantly localized at the plasma membrane of the tumor cells. CXCR4 was expressed with a high intensity in almost all of the 30 SCLC samples. In contrast, it was detected infrequently and with low intensity in the typical carcinoid and atypical carcinoid samples. There was a significant correlation between the immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR data. Additionally, there was a significant negative relationship between CXCR4 expression and overall survival. Conclusions With increasing malignancy, BP-NEN clearly differ in the extent of CXCR4 expression. As in other tumor entities, CXCR4 overexpression significantly correlates with negative patient outcome. Due to its particular high expression rate in SCLC, CXCR4 may serve as a promising new target for diagnostic and pharmacological intervention as well as for peptide receptor-based radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Christiane Reimann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisa Specht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manal Sayeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- Department of Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Center for PET/CT, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9985-98. [PMID: 25888629 PMCID: PMC4496412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LuCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide regardless of the gender. High mortality associated with LuCa is due to metastasis, molecular mechanisms of which are yet to be defined. Here, we present evidence that chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its only natural ligand, CXCL16, are significantly expressed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are involved in the pathobiology of LuCa. CXCR6 expression was significantly higher in two subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinomas-ACs and squamous cell carcinoma-SCCs) as compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Additionally, serum CXCL16 was significantly elevated in LuCa cases as compared to healthy controls. Similar to CXCR6 tissue expression, serum level of CXCL16 in AC patients was significantly higher than SCC patients. Biological significance of this axis was validated using SCC and AC cell lines. Expression of CXCR6 was higher in AC cells, which also showed higher migratory and invasive potential than SCC. Differences in migratory and invasive potential between AC and SCC were due to differential expression of metalloproteinases following CXCL16 stimulation. Hence, our findings suggest clinical and biological significance of CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in LuCa, which could be used as potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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