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Schneiderova M, Naccarati A, Pardini B, Rosa F, Gaetano CD, Jiraskova K, Opattova A, Levy M, Veskrna K, Veskrnova V, Buchler T, Landi S, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. MicroRNA-binding site polymorphisms in genes involved in colorectal cancer etiopathogenesis and their impact on disease prognosis. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:533-542. [PMID: 29048575 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Vogelstein's model of colorectal carcinogenesis, genetic variations in highly penetrant genes may be involved in the colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Similarly, aberrant function and/or altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) often occur in CRC. In this context, polymorphisms in miRNA-binding sites (miRSNPs) may affect miRNA/target gene interaction, resulting in differential mRNA/protein expression and increased susceptibility to common diseases. To explore this phenomenon, we have mined the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of genes known to be frequently mutated in CRC to search for miRSNPs and tested their association with CRC risk and clinical outcome. Eight miRSNPs (rs1804191, rs397768, rs41116 in APC; rs1137918, s227091, rs4585 in ATM; rs712, rs1137282, rs61764370 in KRAS; rs8674 in PARP1 and rs16950113 in SMAD7) were tested for their association with CRC risk in a case-control study (1111 cases and 1469 healthy controls). The role of these miRSNPs was also investigated in relation to clinical outcome on a subset of patients with complete follow-up. rs8679 within PARP1 was associated with CRC risk and patients' survival. In the dominant model, carriers of at least one C allele were at a decreased risk of cancer (P = 0.05). The CC genotype in rs8679 was also associated with an increased risk of recurrence/progression in patients that received 5-FU-based chemotherapy (log-rank test P = 0.03). Carriers of the homozygous variant genotype TT for rs712 in KRAS gene were associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.43-1.00, P = 0.05) while individuals with colon cancer carrying the heterozygous GT genotype showed a longer overall survival (OS) (P = 0.04). We provide the first evidence that variations in potential miRNA-binding target sites in the 3' UTR of PARP1 gene may modulate CRC risk and prognosis after therapy. Further studies are needed to replicate our finding and assess miRSNPs as predictive biomarkers in independent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schneiderova
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology; Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases, IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology; Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases, IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Rosa
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology; Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases, IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology; Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases, IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology Medicine Genet., First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Opattova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology Medicine Genet., First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Veskrna
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Veskrnova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology Medicine Genet., First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology Medicine Genet., First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a small RNA species without protein-coding potential. However, they are key modulators of protein translation. Many studies have linked miRNAs with cancer initiation, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis, and recent studies have also linked them with cancer etiology and susceptibility, especially through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review discusses some of the recent advances in miRNA-SNP literature-including SNPs in miRNA genes, miRNA target sites, and the processing machinery. In addition, we highlight some emerging areas of interest, including isomiRs and non-3'UTR focused miRNA-binding mechanisms that could provide further novel insight into the relationship between miR-SNPs and cancer. Finally, we note that additional epidemiological and experimental research is needed to close the gap in our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship between miRNA-SNPs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Vodicka P, Pardini B, Vymetalkova V, Naccarati A. Polymorphisms in Non-coding RNA Genes and Their Targets Sites as Risk Factors of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:123-49. [PMID: 27573898 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease that develops as a consequence of both genetic and environmental risk factors in interplay with epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). CRC cases are predominantly sporadic in which the disease develops with no apparent hereditary syndrome. The last decade has seen the progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that allowed the discovery of several genetic regions and variants associated with weak effects on sporadic CRC. Collectively these variants may enable a more accurate prediction of an individual's risk to the disease and its prognosis. However, the number of variants contributing to CRC is still not fully explored.SNPs in genes encoding the miRNA sequence or in 3'UTR regions of the corresponding binding sites may affect miRNA transcription, miRNA processing, and/or the fidelity of the miRNA-mRNA interaction. These variants could plausibly impact miRNA expression and target mRNA translation into proteins critical for cellular integrity, differentiation, and proliferation.In the present chapter, we describe the different aspects of variations related to miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and evidence from studies investigating these candidate genetic alterations in support to their role in CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Human Genetics Foundation - Torino (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Human Genetics Foundation - Torino (HuGeF), via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Morgen EK, Lenz HJ, Jonker DJ, Tu D, Milano G, Graziano F, Zalcberg J, Karapetis CS, Dobrovic A, O'Callaghan CJ, Liu G. Germline polymorphisms as biomarkers of tumor response in colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:535-542. [PMID: 27897268 PMCID: PMC9536193 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of germline polymorphisms as predictors of tumor response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody agents in metastatic colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review of studies from 1990 to September 2015, followed by random-effects meta-analyses for polymorphisms examined in at least three studies. Of 87 studies, 40 passed the criteria for systematic review and 23 for meta-analysis. The polymorphisms suitable for meta-analysis were CCND1 (rs17852153), COX2 (rs20417), EGF (rs4444903), EGFR (rs712829, rs11543848, 3'UTR CA repeat), FCGR2A (rs1801274), FCGR3A (rs396991), IL8 (rs4073), KRAS (rs61764370) and VEGFA (rs3025039). Meta-analysis yielded nominal significance (at α=0.05) for rs4444903 and rs11543848, but showed no significant results after multiple testing correction; this was unchanged by sensitivity analyses to address subgroups, funnel-plot asymmetries, and study quality. This highlights a tendency for lack of replication in the face of initial positive results, and possibly the unsuitability of relying on tumor response as a surrogate marker in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Morgen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H-J Lenz
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D J Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Milano
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie EA 3836, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - F Graziano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord", Pesaro, Italy
| | - J Zalcberg
- Cancer Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C S Karapetis
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Dobrovic
- Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C J O'Callaghan
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Genomic approach to understand association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of Korean serous ovarian cancer at stage IIIc. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Langevin SM, Christensen BC. Let-7 microRNA-binding-site polymorphism in the 3'UTR of KRAS and colorectal cancer outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1385-95. [PMID: 24890702 PMCID: PMC4302689 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a small but growing body of literature regarding the predictive utility of a Let-7 microRNA-binding-site polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of KRAS (KRAS-LCS6) for colorectal cancer outcome, although the results are conflicting. We performed a review and meta-analysis in an attempt to better clarify this relationship. A PubMed search was conducted to identify all studies reporting on KRAS let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism (LCS6; rs61764370) and colorectal cancer outcome. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted or estimated from each manuscript. Log HRs and log CIs were combined across studies using the inverse-variance weight to calculate fixed- and random-effects summary estimates and corresponding 95% CIs for overall and progression-free survival. We did not observe any significant association between overall or progression-free survival, neither when considering all colorectal cancer patients nor for subgroup analyses (metastatic, anti-EGFR [epidermal growth factor receptor] treatment, or KRAS wild type). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies, overall and among subgroups analyzed. We have found no clear evidence to support an association between the KRAS-LCS6 genotype and overall or progression-free survival among colorectal cancer patients, even after conducting subgroup analyses by stage and anti-EGFR treatment status. This information helps to clarify the confusing body of literature regarding the clinical implications of the KRAS-LCS6 genetic variant on colorectal cancer outcomes, indicating that it should not be used at the present time to personalize therapeutic strategies (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013005325).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Giampieri R, Scartozzi M, Del Prete M, Maccaroni E, Bittoni A, Faloppi L, Bianconi M, Cecchini L, Cascinu S. Molecular biomarkers of resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer, from classical to innovation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:272-83. [PMID: 23806981 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic dissection of the EGFR pathway was considered as the best way to identify putative markers of resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. This kind of approach leaves other, less known but by no means less important, putative mechanisms of resistance. We tried to shed some light on these mechanisms of resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a research through Pubmed database of all published articles highlighting mechanisms of resistance to Cetuximab and Panitumumab based therapies, published in 2000-2012 period. CONCLUSIONS We reviewed the "classical" molecular factors, extensively analyzed as predictive factors for efficacy to anti-EGFR therapy, such as K-ras, B-raf, and PI3K-mTOR-Akt, focusing on their predictive or prognostic value and on the controversial aspects of the biomarker analysis for clinical practice. On the second part we will then move on to other less known molecular markers, for the future understanding of biological mechanisms underlying anti-EGFR therapy resistance, such as non-canonical heterodimer candidates, microRNA, IGF1-IGF1R, HGF-cMET and secondary mutations of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giampieri
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti" - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
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Kjersem JB, Ikdahl T, Guren T, Skovlund E, Sorbye H, Hamfjord J, Pfeiffer P, Glimelius B, Kersten C, Solvang H, Tveit KM, Kure EH. Let-7 miRNA-binding site polymorphism in the KRAS 3'UTR; colorectal cancer screening population prevalence and influence on clinical outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin +/- cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:534. [PMID: 23167843 PMCID: PMC3526507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported associations between a variant allele in a let-7 microRNA complementary site (LCS6) within the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of KRAS (rs61764370) and clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients receiving cetuximab. The variant allele has also been associated with increased cancer risk. We aimed to reveal the incidence of the variant allele in a colorectal cancer screening population and to investigate the clinical relevance of the variant allele in mCRC patients treated with 1st line Nordic FLOX (bolus 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid and oxaliplatin) +/- cetuximab. METHODS The feasibility of the variant allele as a risk factor for CRC was investigated by comparing the LCS6 gene frequencies in 197 CRC patients, 1060 individuals with colorectal polyps, and 358 healthy controls. The relationship between clinical outcome and LCS6 genotype was analyzed in 180 mCRC patients receiving Nordic FLOX and 355 patients receiving Nordic FLOX + cetuximab in the NORDIC-VII trial (NCT00145314). RESULTS LCS6 frequencies did not vary between CRC patients (23%), individuals with polyps (20%), and healthy controls (20%) (P = 0.50). No statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the NORDIC-VII cohort even if numerically increased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were found in patients with the LCS6 variant allele (8.5 (95% CI: 7.3-9.7 months) versus 7.8 months (95% CI: 7.4-8.3 months), P = 0.16 and 23.5 (95% CI: 21.6-25.4 months) versus 19.5 months (95% CI: 17.8-21.2 months), P = 0.31, respectively). Addition of cetuximab seemed to improve response rate more in variant carriers than in wild-type carriers (from 35% to 57% versus 44% to 47%), however the difference was not statistically significant (interaction P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS The LCS6 variant allele does not seem to be a risk factor for development of colorectal polyps or CRC. No statistically significant effect of the LCS6 variant allele on response rate, PFS or OS was found in mCRC patients treated with 1st line Nordic FLOX +/- cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne B Kjersem
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Effect of neoadjuvant cetuximab, capecitabine, and radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of a phase II study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:1325-32. [PMID: 22430888 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant cetuximab, capecitabine, and radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS Sixty-three eligible patients were selectively enrolled in this study. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of cetuximab and capecitabine for 6 weeks and radiotherapy for 5 weeks. Surgical resection was performed 6-8 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment. KRAS mutation statuses were analyzed retrospectively after the cetuximab treatment. All the patients underwent a standardized postoperative follow-up for at least 3 years. RESULTS A pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in eight patients (12.7 %). Overall down-staging was found in 49 patients (77.8 %). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate was 76.2 % and 81.0 %, respectively. The most common adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment were acneiform skin rash (82.5 %), radiodermatitis (46.0 %), and diarrhea (36.5 %). KRAS mutations were detected in 19 of 63 (31.2 %) tumors. The down-staging rate in patients with KRAS wild-type (WT) was significantly higher than patients with KRAS mutation (P = 0.020). There was no significant difference in the pCR rate, 3-year DFS rate or 3-year OS rate between KRAS WT patients and KRAS-mutated patients. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant treatment with cetuximab and capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy is safe and well tolerated. The pCR rate, 3-year DFS rate and OS rate are not superior to the rate of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using two or more cytotoxic agents. The KRAS WT is highly associated with tumor down-staging to cetuximab plus capecitabine-based CRT in patients with LARC.
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Ryan BM, Robles AI, Harris CC. KRAS-LCS6 genotype as a prognostic marker in early-stage CRC--letter. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3487-8; author reply 3489. [PMID: 22669132 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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