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Liu K, Zheng W, Chen Y, Tang M, Li D, Deng D, Yang T, Zhang C, Liu J, Yuan X, Shi M, Li X, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Zhao M, Chen L. Discovery, Optimization, and Evaluation of Potent and Selective PI3Kδ-γ Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of B-cell Malignancies. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9893-9917. [PMID: 35831917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, PI3Kδ-γ dual inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Dual inhibition of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ represents a unique therapeutic opportunity and may confer greater benefits than either isoform inhibition alone in the management of hematological malignancies. However, currently available dual inhibitors of PI3Kδ-γ compromise in at least one of several essential properties in terms of potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Hence, the main challenge of our optimization campaign was to identify an oral available PI3Kδ-γ dual inhibitor with an optimum balance of potency, selectivity, and PK profiles. The medicinal chemistry efforts culminated in the discovery of compound 58, which exhibited strong potency and high selectivity along with excellent in vivo profiles as demonstrated through PK studies in rats and through pharmacodynamic studies in an SUDHL-6 xenograft model. All the results suggest that compound 58 may be a promising candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongjun Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Li
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dexin Deng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, China
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Stratikopoulos EE, Kiess N, Szabolcs M, Pegno S, Kakit C, Wu X, Poulikakos PI, Cheung P, Schmidt H, Parsons R. Mouse ER+/PIK3CA H1047R breast cancers caused by exogenous estrogen are heterogeneously dependent on estrogen and undergo BIM-dependent apoptosis with BH3 and PI3K agents. Oncogene 2019; 38:47-59. [PMID: 30076411 PMCID: PMC6596308 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen dependence is major driver of ER + breast cancer, which is associated with PI3K mutation. PI3K inhibition (PI3Ki) can restore dependence on ER signaling for some hormone therapy-resistant ER + breast cancers, but is ineffective in others. Here we show that short-term supplementation with estrogen strongly enhanced Pik3caH1047R-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice that resulted exclusively in ER + tumors, demonstrating the cooperation of the hormone and the oncogene in tumor development. Similar to human ER + breast cancers that are endocrine-dependent or endocrine-independent at diagnosis, tumor lines from this model retained ER expression but were sensitive or resistant to hormonal therapies. PI3Ki did not induce cell death but did cause upregulation of the pro-apoptotic gene BIM. BH3 mimetics or PI3Ki were unable to restore hormone sensitivity in several resistant mouse and human tumor lines. Importantly however, combination of PI3Ki and BH3 mimetics had a profound, BIM-dependent cytotoxic effect in PIK3CA-mutant cancer cells while sparing normal cells. We propose that addition of BH3 mimetics offers a therapeutic strategy to markedly improve the cytotoxic activity of PI3Ki in hormonal therapy-resistant and ER-independent PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aniline Compounds/administration & dosage
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/agonists
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/biosynthesis
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/genetics
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Cocarcinogenesis
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drug Synergism
- Estradiol/toxicity
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/drug effects
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/physiology
- Female
- Fulvestrant/administration & dosage
- Fulvestrant/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Neuropeptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/administration & dosage
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias E Stratikopoulos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Kiess
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Matthias Szabolcs
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah Pegno
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cheung Kakit
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Poulikos I Poulikakos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pamela Cheung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hank Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Phase I study of alpelisib (BYL-719) and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after trastuzumab and taxane therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:371-381. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Anti-cancer cancer-targeted therapies are designed to exploit a particular vulnerability in the tumor, which in most cases results from its dependence on an oncogene and/or loss of a tumor suppressor. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway are freqcuently found in breast cancers and associated with cellular transformation, tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Several drugs targeting PI3K/ATK/mTOR are currently in clinical trials, mainly in combination with endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy. These drugs are the focus of this review.
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van Geel RMJM, Tabernero J, Elez E, Bendell JC, Spreafico A, Schuler M, Yoshino T, Delord JP, Yamada Y, Lolkema MP, Faris JE, Eskens FALM, Sharma S, Yaeger R, Lenz HJ, Wainberg ZA, Avsar E, Chatterjee A, Jaeger S, Tan E, Maharry K, Demuth T, Schellens JHM. A Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of Encorafenib and Cetuximab with or without Alpelisib in Metastatic BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:610-619. [PMID: 28363909 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that concomitant BRAF and EGFR inhibition leads to sustained suppression of MAPK signaling and suppressed tumor growth in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer models. Patients with refractory BRAFV600-mutant metastatic CRC (mCRC) were treated with a selective RAF kinase inhibitor (encorafenib) plus a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR (cetuximab), with (n = 28) or without (n = 26) a PI3Kα inhibitor (alpelisib). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or a recommended phase II dose. Dose-limiting toxicities were reported in 3 patients receiving dual treatment and 2 patients receiving triple treatment. The MTD was not reached for either group and the phase II doses were selected as 200 mg encorafenib (both groups) and 300 mg alpelisib. Combinations of cetuximab and encorafenib showed promising clinical activity and tolerability in patients with BRAF-mutant mCRC; confirmed overall response rates of 19% and 18% were observed and median progression-free survival was 3.7 and 4.2 months for the dual- and triple-therapy groups, respectively.Significance: Herein, we demonstrate that dual- (encorafenib plus cetuximab) and triple- (encorafenib plus cetuximab and alpelisib) combination treatments are tolerable and provide promising clinical activity in the difficult-to-treat patient population with BRAF-mutant mCRC. Cancer Discov; 7(6); 610-9. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Sundar et al., p. 558This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 539.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Elez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna C Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Martin Schuler
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martijn P Lolkema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason E Faris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Emin Avsar
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | - Savina Jaeger
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene Tan
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Jan H M Schellens
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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James A, Blumenstein L, Glaenzel U, Jin Y, Demailly A, Jakab A, Hansen R, Hazell K, Mehta A, Trandafir L, Swart P. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [(14)C]BYL719 (alpelisib) in healthy male volunteers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:751-60. [PMID: 26254025 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pharmacokinetics of the p110α-selective inhibitor alpelisib (BYL719) in humans, to identify metabolites in plasma and excreta, and to characterize pathways of biotransformation. METHODS Four healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of [(14)C]-labeled alpelisib (400 mg, 2.78 MBq). Blood, urine, and feces samples were collected throughout the study. Total radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation counting, and metabolites were quantified and identified by radiometry and mass spectrometry. Complementary in vitro experiments characterized the hydrolytic, oxidative, and conjugative enzymes involved in metabolite formation. RESULTS Over 50 % of [(14)C] alpelisib was absorbed, with a T(max) of 2 h and an elimination half-life from plasma of 13.7 h. Over the first 12 h, exposure to alpelisib and the primary metabolite M4 was 67.9 and 26.7 % of total drug-related material in circulation, respectively. Mass balance was achieved, with 94.5 % of administered radioactivity recovered in excreta. In total, 38.2 % of alpelisib was excreted unchanged, while 39.5 % was excreted as M4. Based on the excreta pools analyzed, excretion occurred mainly via feces (79.8 % of administered dose); 13.1 % was excreted via urine. In vitro experiments showed that spontaneous and enzymatic hydrolysis contributed to M4 formation, while CYP3A4-mediated oxidation and UGT1A9-mediated glucuronidation formed minor metabolites. Alpelisib was well tolerated, and no new safety concerns were raised during this study. CONCLUSIONS Alpelisib was rapidly absorbed and cleared by multiple metabolic pathways; the primary metabolite M4 is pharmacologically inactive. Alpelisib has limited potential for drug-drug interactions and is therefore a promising candidate for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Ulrike Glaenzel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnold Demailly
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Jakab
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anuradha Mehta
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Piet Swart
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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Drugging PI3K in cancer: refining targets and therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 23:98-107. [PMID: 26117819 PMCID: PMC4728196 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PI3K is an important target for innovative anticancer drug development and precision medicine. Over 30 small molecule PI3K inhibitors are currently in clinical trial testing. These drugs include dual PI3K/mTOR, pan-Class I PI3K and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors. The PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib has received FDA approval for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Drug resistance, patient selection and development of targeted combinations remain challenges.
The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is one of the most frequently activated pathogenic signalling routes in human cancers, making it a rational and important target for innovative anticancer drug development and precision medicine. The three main classes of PI3K inhibitors currently in clinical testing comprise dual pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-Class I PI3K inhibitors lacking significant mTOR activity and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors. A major step forward in recent years is the progression of over 30 small molecule PI3K inhibitors into clinical trials and the first regulatory approval of the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib for multiple B-cell malignancies. This review article focuses on the progress made in the discovery and development of novel PI3K inhibitors, with an emphasis on antitumour activity and tolerability profiles for agents that have entered clinical trials. We also discuss the key issues of drug resistance, patient selection approaches and rational targeted combinations. Finally, we envision the future development and use of PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of patients with a range of malignancies.
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Stjepanovic N, Bedard PL. Elucidating the genomic landscape of breast cancer: how will this affect treatment? Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:569-72. [PMID: 25893859 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Stjepanovic
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 5-125, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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