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Kowalewski A, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Gostomczyk K, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Targeting apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116805. [PMID: 38781868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of renal cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all renal cell cancers. Due to its exceptional inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, it is highly resistant to conventional systemic therapies. Targeting the evasion of cell death, one of cancer's hallmarks, is currently emerging as an alternative strategy for ccRCC. In this article, we review the current state of apoptosis-inducing therapies against ccRCC, including antisense oligonucleotides, BH3 mimetics, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cyclin-kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of apoptosis protein antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies. Although preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, these compounds fail to improve patients' outcomes significantly. Current evidence suggests that inducing apoptosis in ccRCC may promote tumor progression through apoptosis-induced proliferation, anastasis, and apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion. Therefore, re-evaluating this approach is expected to enable successful preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Center of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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2
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Liu H, Wang L, Shi X, Yin L, Zhai W, Gao S, Chen Y, Zhang T. Calcium saccharate/DUSP6 suppresses renal cell carcinoma glycolytic metabolism and boosts sunitinib efficacy via the ERK-AKT pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116247. [PMID: 38697311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are very limited, which is largely due to inadequate comprehension of molecular pathological mechanisms as well as RCC's resistance to chemotherapy. Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) has been associated with numerous human diseases. However, its role in RCC is not well understood. Here, we show that diminished DUSP6 expression is linked to RCC progression and unfavorable prognosis. Mechanistically, DUSP6 serves as a tumor suppressor in RCC by intervening the TAF10 and BSCL2 via the ERK-AKT pathway. Further, DUSP6 is also transcriptionally regulated by HNF-4a. Moreover, docking experiments have indicated that DUSP6 expression is enhanced when bound by Calcium saccharate, which also inhibits RCC cell proliferation, metabolic rewiring, and sunitinib resistance. In conclusion, our study identifies Calcium saccharate as a prospective pharmacological therapeutic approach for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China; Department of Urology, Gonghe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinghai, China; Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China..
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3
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Grünwald V, Hadschik B, Klümper N, Herrmann K. Kick-Starting Molecular Theranostics in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:744-745. [PMID: 38692688 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Grünwald
- Department for Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany;
- Department for Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Hadschik
- Department for Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department for Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Yang S, Yang X, Hou Z, Zhu L, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Teng J, Fang C, Chen S, Jia M, Liu Z, Kang S, Chen Y, Li G, Niu Y, Cai Q. Rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitors plus targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29215. [PMID: 38623200 PMCID: PMC11016731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent urological malignancy characterized by a high rate of metastasis and lethality. The treatment strategy for advanced RCC has moved through multiple iterations over the past three decades. Initially, cytokine treatment was the only systemic treatment option for patients with RCC. With the development of medicine, antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin and immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged and received several achievements in the therapeutics of advanced RCC. However, ICIs have still not brought completely satisfactory results due to drug resistance and undesirable side effects. For the past years, the interests form researchers have been attracted by the combination of ICIs and targeted therapy for advanced RCC and the angiogenesis and immunogenic tumor microenvironmental variations in RCC. Therefore, we emphasize the potential principle and the clinical progress of ICIs combined with targeted treatment of advanced RCC, and summarize the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianrui Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zekai Hou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhili Yao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yanzhuo Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Teng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Taihe County People's Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Songmao Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfei Jia
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Shaosan Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Li X, Mo Z, Yu Z. Comprehensive treatment of von Hippel-Lindau disease: A case report. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e94. [PMID: 38946932 PMCID: PMC11212319 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominant multiorgan disease characterized by several benign and malignant tumors rich in vascular, as well as cysts in other organs. A great clinical treatment strategy is significantly warranted for good prognosis of patients with VHL disease. Herein, we reported a case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with VHL disease with spinal hemangioblastoma (HB) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Four years after the resection of the right kidney, a recurrent RCC in the right kidney and a malignant lesion in the left kidney were observed. This patient was started on sorafenib (800 mg, daily) and tislelizumab (200 mg per 3 weeks). After 6 months of treatment, the size of renal cell carcinoma was dramatically reduced and renal function improved. More importantly, she achieved partial response during the whole treatment. Microscopically, intramedullary masses resection was done and the HB in T4-5 thoracic spinal was removed. Neurologic symptoms such as numbness and pain were remarkably alleviated. Additionally, tislelizumab-induced elevation in liver transaminase levels and hypothyroidism were revered by hepatoprotector and levothyroxine, respectively. In short, comprehensive treatment strategies may benefit patients with VHL disease, especially with HB and ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- School of Clinical MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Mo
- Department of OncologyBeijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of OncologyBeijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijingChina
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Auricchio AM, Calvanese F, Pohjola A, Laakso A, Niemelä M. Hemangioblastoma and arteriovenous malformation in the same patient: a not random association or two isolated entities? Systematic review starting from a unique case. Neurochirurgie 2024; 70:101537. [PMID: 38324942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2024.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between intracranial hemangioblastomas and arteriovenous malformations has been documented in very few cases in literature since 1965 and might present in three modalities: "intermixed, adjacent and separated (spatially and temporally)". Often, the pattern of presentation is "intermixed". According to our systematic review, we propose an adjustment of the previous classification, specifically for these entities. We describe the first case of a truly "spatially separated" association between these two lesions. METHODS Our study encompassed all adult patients diagnosed with both intracranial hemangioblastoma and AVM who were evaluated in the last 20-year period, from 2003 to 2023 at Helsinki University Hospital. Cases of this coexistence were retrospectively identified and collected from clinical records. For the systematic review, studies reporting the coexistence of hemangioblastoma and AVM in adult patients (>18 years old) were selected. Given the rarity of this pattern, case reports were also included. RESULTS The combined analysis of our systematic review and institutional retrospective study revealed a total of only seven identified cases. We applied the classification of neoplasms and AVM by Yano, modifying and adapting it into our screened patient series. We systematically reclassified "adjacent" and genuinely "spatially separated" patterns based on the vascular axis supplying both lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hemangioblastomas and AVMs rarely coexist in the same patient. Our study reports the first instance of a truly "spatially separated" sporadic association between these vascular lesions. The rarity of such coexistence underscores the need for a nuanced and systematic classification to guide the management of these infrequent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Auricchio
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Calvanese
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anni Pohjola
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Tian J, Luo J, Zeng X, Ke C, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li L, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Yang C. Targeting oxidative phosphorylation to increase the efficacy of immune-combination therapy in renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008226. [PMID: 38355278 PMCID: PMC10868282 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, most patients develop de novo or acquired resistance to ICIs. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been rarely explored as a potential target for correcting ICI resistance. METHODS We systematically analyzed RNA sequencing and clinical data from CheckMate, JAVELIN Renal 101, and NCT01358721 clinical trials, and clinicopathological data of 25 patients from Tongji Hospital to investigate the relationship between OXPHOS and ICI resistance. The Ndufb8-knockdown Renca cell line was derived to determine the effect of OXPHOS on RCC immunotherapy in vivo. RESULTS An analysis of the CheckMate series data revealed that high OXPHOS levels are risk factors for ICI in patients with RCC, but are affected by thevon Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α status. This result is consistent with correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic observations at our institute. Knockdown of the mitochondrial complex I subunit Ndufb8 of the Renca cell line had no effect on cell growth and migration in vitro, but slowed down cell growth in vivo. Among anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-treated BALB/c mice, shNdufb8 Renca tumors grew slower than shControl Renca tumors and the corresponding mice survived longer. Flow cytometry revealed that CD8+ T cells in shNdufb8 Renca tumors, which were exposed to a lower degree of hypoxia and expressed less programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), secreted more interferon-γ after stimulation. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the shNdufb8 Renca tumors had a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells and the proportion of these cells was lower in the hypoxic area. CONCLUSIONS OXPHOS is a reliable predictor of immunotherapy response in RCC and is more pronounced in metastatic lesions. RCC cells generate a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit T-cell function through oxidative metabolism, thereby leading to immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjin Ke
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
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8
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Flores-Soto E, Aquino-Galvez A. Hypoxic Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinases' Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16887. [PMID: 38069210 PMCID: PMC10707261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an acidic pH and low oxygen concentrations. Hypoxia induces neoplastic cell evasion of the immune surveillance, rapid DNA repair, metabolic reprogramming, and metastasis, mainly as a response to the hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs). Likewise, cancer cells increase matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression in response to TME conditions, allowing them to migrate from the primary tumor to different tissues. Since HIFs and MMPs are augmented in the hypoxic TME, it is easy to consider that HIFs participate directly in their expression regulation. However, not all MMPs have a hypoxia response element (HRE)-HIF binding site. Moreover, different transcription factors and signaling pathways activated in hypoxia conditions through HIFs or in a HIF-independent manner participate in MMPs' transcription. The present review focuses on MMPs' expression in normal and hypoxic conditions, considering HIFs and a HIF-independent transcription control. In addition, since the hypoxic TME causes resistance to anticancer conventional therapy, treatment approaches using MMPs as a target alone, or in combination with other therapies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Galvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
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9
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Zhang Y, Nguyen CC, Zhang NT, Fink NS, John JD, Venkatesh OG, Roe JD, Hoffman SC, Lesniak MS, Wolinsky JP, Horbinski C, Szymaniak BM, Buerki RA, Sosman JA, Shenoy NK, Lukas RV. Neurological applications of belzutifan in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:827-838. [PMID: 36215167 PMCID: PMC10158112 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a tumor predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the VHL gene that presents with visceral neoplasms and growths, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and central nervous system manifestations, such as hemangioblastomas of the brain and spine. The pathophysiology involves dysregulation of oxygen sensing caused by the inability to degrade HIFα, leading to the overactivation of hypoxic pathways. Hemangioblastomas are the most common tumors in patients with VHL and cause significant morbidity. Until recently, there were no systemic therapies available for patients that could effectively reduce the size of these lesions. Belzutifan, the first approved HIF-2α inhibitor, has demonstrated benefit in VHL-associated tumors, with a 30% response rate in hemangioblastomas and ~30%-50% reduction in their sizes over the course of treatment. Anemia is the most prominent adverse effect, affecting 76%-90% of participants and sometimes requiring dose reduction or transfusion. Other significant adverse events include hypoxia and fatigue. Overall, belzutifan is well tolerated; however, long-term data on dosing regimens, safety, and fertility are not yet available. Belzutifan holds promise for the treatment of neurological manifestations of VHL and its utility may influence the clinical management paradigms for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | | | - Nigel T Zhang
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Nicolas S Fink
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Jordan D John
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Omkar G Venkatesh
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Jonathan D Roe
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Steven C Hoffman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St. Chicago, IL 60611USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Wolinsky
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Robin A Buerki
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Niraj K Shenoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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10
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Du X, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Jiang L, Tang W. Risk signature identification and NPRL2 affects sunitinib sensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:122-131. [PMID: 37121122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We analyzed the subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) mediated by 8 genes contained in the 3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene cluster and their effects on TME cell infiltration based on the TCGA database. The risk score model was established by principal component analysis. The hub gene NPRL2 was selected by protein-protein interactions (PPI) analysis. The effect of NPRL2 on sunitinib sensitivity of ccRCC was verified by using CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and xenograft tumor model. Changes in protein expression were detected by Western blotting. We found that 8 TSGs were all differentially expressed in ccRCC samples, which could divide ccRCC into two subtypes. The constructed risk score model could predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of ccRCC patients, and was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Over-expression of NPRL2 promoted apoptosis, inhibited EMT, decreased the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its activity, and promoted the sensitivity of sunitinib to ccRCC cells. Collectively, our findings increased the understanding of TSGs in ccRCC, suggesting that NPRL2 as a TSG could enhance sunitinib sensitivity to ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Missiaen R, Lesner NP, Simon MC. HIF: a master regulator of nutrient availability and metabolic cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112067. [PMID: 36808622 PMCID: PMC10015374 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-dependent regulation of tumor cell metabolism has been thoroughly investigated and covered in reviews. However, there is limited information available regarding HIF-dependent regulation of nutrient fates in tumor and stromal cells. Tumor and stromal cells may generate nutrients necessary for function (metabolic symbiosis) or deplete nutrients resulting in possible competition between tumor cells and immune cells, a result of altered nutrient fates. HIF and nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect stromal and immune cell metabolism in addition to intrinsic tumor cell metabolism. HIF-dependent metabolic regulation will inevitably result in the accumulation or depletion of essential metabolites in the TME. In response, various cell types in the TME will respond to these hypoxia-dependent alterations by activating HIF-dependent transcription to alter nutrient import, export, and utilization. In recent years, the concept of metabolic competition has been proposed for critical substrates, including glucose, lactate, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan. In this review, we discuss how HIF-mediated mechanisms control nutrient sensing and availability in the TME, the competition for nutrients, and the metabolic cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindert Missiaen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Chen WJ, Dong KQ, Pan XW, Gan SS, Xu D, Chen JX, Chen WJ, Li WY, Wang YQ, Zhou W, Rini B, Cui XG. Single-cell RNA-seq integrated with multi-omics reveals SERPINE2 as a target for metastasis in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:30. [PMID: 36646679 PMCID: PMC9842647 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth, metastasis and therapeutic response are believed to be regulated by the tumor and its microenvironment (TME) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the mechanisms underlying genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic alternations in RCC progression have not been completely defined. In this study, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were obtained from eight tissue samples of RCC patients, including two matched pairs of primary and metastatic sites (lymph nodes), along with Hi-C, transposable accessible chromatin by high-throughput (ATAC-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) between RCC (Caki-1) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). The identified target was verified in clinical tissue samples (microarray of 407 RCC patients, TMA-30 and TMA-2020), whose function was further validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments through knockdown or overexpression. We profiled transcriptomes of 30514 malignant cells, and 14762 non-malignant cells. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that malignant cells and TME played a key role in RCC. The expression programs of stromal cells and immune cells were consistent among the samples, whereas malignant cells expressed distinct programs associated with hypoxia, cell cycle, epithelial differentiation, and two different metastasis patterns. Comparison of the hierarchical structure showed that SERPINE2 was related to these NNMF expression programs, and at the same time targeted the switched compartment. SERPINE2 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and lowly expressed in para-tumor tissues or HK-2 cell line. SERPINE2 knockdown markedly suppressed RCC cell growth and invasion, while SERPINE2 overexpression dramatically promoted RCC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SERPINE2 could activate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. The above findings demonstrated that the role of distinct expression patterns of malignant cells and TME played a distinct role in RCC progression. SERPINE2 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis in advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Ke-Qin Dong
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Si-Shun Gan
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wei-Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Brian Rini
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China.
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13
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Yao C, Zhang T, Wu T, Brugarolas J. Facts and Hopes for Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5013-5020. [PMID: 35819272 PMCID: PMC9835201 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made a significant impact in many tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC has been known to be immunoresponsive since the cytokine era of IFNα and IL2, but only a small number of patients had durable clinical benefit. Since then, discoveries of key tumor drivers, as well as an understanding of the contribution of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment (TME), has led to advances in drug development, ultimately transforming patient outcomes. Combinations of anti-angiogenic agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors are now standard of care. Current challenges include patient selection for immunotherapy combinations, resistance acquisition, and optimally sequencing therapies. Further discoveries about RCC biology, the TME, and resistance mechanisms will likely pave the way for the next generation of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tian Zhang
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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14
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Choueiri TK, Porta C, Suárez C, Hainsworth J, Voog E, Duran I, Reeves J, Czaykowski P, Castellano D, Chen J, Sedarati F, Powles T. Randomized Phase II Trial of Sapanisertib ± TAK-117 vs. Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After VEGF-Targeted Therapy. Oncologist 2022; 27:1048-1057. [PMID: 36146944 PMCID: PMC9732228 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, may offer more complete inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway than mTORC1 inhibitors, such as everolimus. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-agent sapanisertib and sapanisertib plus the PI3Kα inhibitor TAK-117, vs. everolimus in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that had progressed on or after VEGF-targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed, advanced ccRCC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive single-agent everolimus 10 mg once daily, single-agent sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly, or sapanisertib 4 mg plus TAK-117 200 mg, both once daily for 3 days/week, in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Ninety-five patients were treated with everolimus or sapanisertib (n = 32 each), or sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (n = 31). There were no significant differences in PFS among the 3 groups or across any subgroups. Median PFS was 3.8 months with everolimus vs. 3.6 months with sapanisertib (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.75-2.36), and 3.1 months with sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.75-2.52). No significant differences in overall survival were seen among groups. Overall response rate was 16.7%, 0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events were 15.6%, 28.1%, and 29.0%. CONCLUSION Sapanisertib with or without TAK-117 was less tolerable and did not improve efficacy vs. everolimus in patients with advanced ccRCC who had relapsed after or were refractory to VEGF-targeted therapies. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition may not be an effective therapeutic approach for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- Corresponding author: Toni K. Choueiri, MD, Jerome and Nancy Kohlberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel: +1 617 632 3000;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Present address: University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eric Voog
- Centre Jean Bernard/Clinique Victor Hugo, Institut Inter-régional de Cancérologie, Le Mans, France
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - James Reeves
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- i+12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Farhad Sedarati
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Royal Free NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
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15
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The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor DPF3 regulates metastasis of ccRCC by modulating TGF-β signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4680. [PMID: 35945219 PMCID: PMC9363427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DPF3, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in a genome-wide association study. However, the functional role of DPF3 in ccRCC development and progression remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that DPF3a, the short isoform of DPF3, promotes kidney cancer cell migration both in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the clinical observation that DPF3a is significantly upregulated in ccRCC patients with metastases. Mechanistically, DPF3a specifically interacts with SNIP1, via which it forms a complex with SMAD4 and p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT), the major transcriptional regulators of TGF-β signaling pathway. Moreover, the binding of DPF3a releases the repressive effect of SNIP1 on p300 HAT activity, leading to the increase in local histone acetylation and the activation of cell movement related genes. Overall, our findings reveal a metastasis-promoting function of DPF3, and further establish the link between SWI/SNF components and ccRCC. The functional role of DPF3, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), remains unknown. Here, the authors characterise the mechanism by which DPF3 promotes metastasis via the activation of the TGF-β signalling pathway in ccRCC.
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17
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Acharya N, Singh KP. Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1575. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Acharya
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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18
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Visweswaran V, Pavithran K. Belzutifan: A Narrative Drug Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:88-95. [PMID: 35366789 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220401094724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by renal cell carcinomas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, central nervous system hemangioblastomas, retinoblastomas, and tumours of the reproductive tract. This disease results from loss of function mutations in the tumour suppressor gene known as the Von Hippel-Lindau gene, located on chromosome 3. Loss of function mutation in the Von Hippel-Lindau gene results in the accumulation of a protein known as a hypoxia-inducible factor, which promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, leading to cancer. Belzutifan inhibits the hypoxia-inducible factor by binding to the Per-ARNT -Sim-B binding pocket on the hypoxia-inducible factor -2α, inhibiting cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. In our thorough literature review, we identified 37 relevant articles. Belzutifan showed clinically meaningful response rates for both Von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated renal cell carcinomas and non-renal cell cancers. The pharmacokinetic profile of belzutifan was much better than its congener molecules due to the optimisation of its dihalide groups from germinal to vicinal. The pharmacodynamic effect of belzutifan was confirmed by its ability to decrease serum erythropoietin, which is a direct result of hypoxia-inducible factor- 2α inhibition. The significant side effects observed were anaemia, hypoxia, fatigue, hypertension, visual impairment and weight gain. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to determine the role of beluztifan as part of combination regimens in treating Von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vysakh Visweswaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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19
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Al-Obaidy KI, Alruwaii ZI, Williamson SR, Cheng L. The Pathologic and Molecular Genetic Landscape of the Hereditary Renal Cancer Predisposition Syndromes. Histopathology 2022; 81:15-31. [PMID: 35315118 DOI: 10.1111/his.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 5-8% of renal tumors are hereditary in nature with many inherited as autosomal dominant. These tumors carry a unique spectrum of pathologic and molecular alterations, the knowledge of which is expanding in the recent years. Indebted to this knowledge, many advances in treatment of these tumors have been achieved. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the genetic renal neoplasia syndromes, the clinical and pathologic presentations, their molecular pathogenesis, the advances in therapeutic implications and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I Al-Obaidy
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zainab I Alruwaii
- Department of Pathology, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam, KSA
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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20
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Sobiepanek A, Kuryk Ł, Garofalo M, Kumar S, Baran J, Musolf P, Siebenhaar F, Fluhr JW, Kobiela T, Plasenzotti R, Kuchler K, Staniszewska M. The Multifaceted Roles of Mast Cells in Immune Homeostasis, Infections and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2249. [PMID: 35216365 PMCID: PMC8875910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in normal immune responses and pathological states. The location of MCs on the boundaries between tissues and the external environment, including gut mucosal surfaces, lungs, skin, and around blood vessels, suggests a multitude of immunological functions. Thus, MCs are pivotal for host defense against different antigens, including allergens and microbial pathogens. MCs can produce and respond to physiological mediators and chemokines to modulate inflammation. As long-lived, tissue-resident cells, MCs indeed mediate acute inflammatory responses such as those evident in allergic reactions. Furthermore, MCs participate in innate and adaptive immune responses to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The control of MC activation or stabilization is a powerful tool in regulating tissue homeostasis and pathogen clearance. Moreover, MCs contribute to maintaining the homeostatic equilibrium between host and resident microbiota, and they engage in crosstalk between the resident and recruited hematopoietic cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of MCs in health and disease. Further, we discuss how mouse models of MC deficiency have become useful tools for establishing MCs as a potential cellular target for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobiepanek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kuryk
- National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Institute of Research, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Lars Sonckin kaari 14, 02600 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Lars Sonckin kaari 14, 02600 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Joanna Baran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Paulina Musolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.W.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Wilhelm Fluhr
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.W.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu W, Ren D, Xiong W, Jin X, Zhu L. A novel FBW7/NFAT1 axis regulates cancer immunity in sunitinib-resistant renal cancer by inducing PD-L1 expression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:38. [PMID: 35081978 PMCID: PMC8790872 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be beneficial for the survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients, but resistance to targeted therapy and ICIs is common in the clinic. Understanding the underlying mechanism is critical for further prolonging the survival of renal cancer patients. Nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) is expressed in immune and nonimmune cells, and the dysregulation of NFAT1 contributes to the progression of various type of malignant tumors. However, the specific role of NFAT1 in RCC is elusive. As a regulator of the immune response, we would like to systemically study the role of NFAT1 in RCC. Methods TCGA-KIRC dataset analysis, Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR analysis was used to determine the clinic-pathological characteristic of NFAT1 in RCC. CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and xenograft assays were performed to examine the biological role of NFAT1 in renal cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis was used to examine the pathways changed after NFAT1 silencing. ChIP-qPCR, coimmunoprecipitation analysis, Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR analysis were applied to explore the mechanism by NAFT1 was regulated in the renal cancer cells. Results In our study, we found that NFAT1 was abnormally overexpressed in RCC and that NFAT1 overexpression was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Then, we showed that NFAT1 enhanced tumor growth and regulated the immune response by increasing PD-L1 expression in RCC. In addition, we demonstrated that NFAT1 was stabilized in sunitinib-resistant RCC via hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Furthermore, our study indicated that downregulation of the expression of FBW7, which promotes NFAT1 degradation, was induced by FOXA1 and SETD2 in sunitinib-resistant RCC. Finally, FBW7 was found to contribute to modulating the immune response in RCC. Conclusions Our data reveal a novel role for the FBW7/NFAT1 axis in the RCC response to TKIs and ICIs. NFAT1 and its associated signaling pathway might be therapeutic targets for RCC treatment, especially when combined with ICIs and/or TKIs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02253-0.
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22
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He M, Yang H, Shi H, Hu Y, Chang C, Liu S, Yeh S. Sunitinib increases the cancer stem cells and vasculogenic mimicry formation via modulating the lncRNA-ECVSR/ERβ/Hif2-α signaling. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:15-28. [PMID: 34461182 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is the first-line drug for treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and it functions mainly through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. However, the patients may become insensitive or develop resistance toward sunitinib treatment, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, it was found that sunitinib could have adverse effects of promoting RCC progression by increasing vascular mimicry (VM) formation of RCC cells. Mechanism dissection revealed that sunitinib can increase the expression of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lncRNA-ECVSR, thereby enhancing the stability of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) mRNA. Subsequently, the increased ERβ expression can then function via transcriptional up-regulation of Hif2-α. Notably, sunitinib-increased lncRNA-ECVSR/ERβ/Hif2-α signaling resulted in an increased cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, thereby promoting VM formation. Furthermore, the sunitinib/lncRNA-ECVSR-increased ERβ expression can transcriptionally regulate lncRNA-ECVSR expression via a positive-feedback loop. Supportively, preclinical studies using RCC mouse xenografts demonstrated that combining sunitinib with the small molecule anti-estrogen PHTPP can increase sunitinib efficacy with reduced VM formation. Collectively, the findings of this study may aid in the development of potential biomarker(s) and novel therapies to better monitor and suppress RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hangchuan Shi
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yixi Hu
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shunfang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Functional succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a common adverse feature of clear cell renal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106947118. [PMID: 34551979 PMCID: PMC8488664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106947118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that underexpression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits resulting in accumulation of oncogenic succinate is a common, adverse, epigenetic modulating feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), during pathogenesis and progression. The study sheds light on the mechanisms of down-regulation of SDH subunits in ccRCC and deciphers the consequent oncogenic effects. It shows that functional SDH deficiency is a common feature of ccRCC (∼80% of all kidney cancers), and not just limited to the 0.05 to 0.5% of kidney cancers with germline SDH mutations. Reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity resulting in adverse succinate accumulation was previously considered relevant only in 0.05 to 0.5% of kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations. Here, we sought to examine a broader role for SDH loss in kidney cancer pathogenesis/progression. We report that underexpression of SDH subunits resulting in accumulation of oncogenic succinate is a common feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (∼80% of all kidney cancers), with a marked adverse impact on survival in ccRCC patients (n = 516). We show that SDH down-regulation is a critical brake in the TCA cycle during ccRCC pathogenesis and progression. In exploring mechanisms of SDH down-regulation in ccRCC, we report that Von Hippel-Lindau loss-induced hypoxia-inducible factor–dependent up-regulation of miR-210 causes direct inhibition of the SDHD transcript. Moreover, shallow deletion of SDHB occurs in ∼20% of ccRCC. We then demonstrate that SDH loss-induced succinate accumulation contributes to adverse loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, gain of 5-methylcytosine, and enhanced invasiveness in ccRCC via inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET)-2 activity. Intriguingly, binding affinity between the catalytic domain of recombinant TET-2 and succinate was found to be very low, suggesting that the mechanism of succinate-induced attenuation of TET-2 activity is likely via product inhibition rather than competitive inhibition. Finally, exogenous ascorbic acid, a TET-activating demethylating agent, led to reversal of the above oncogenic effects of succinate in ccRCC cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that functional SDH deficiency is a common adverse feature of ccRCC and not just limited to the kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations.
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Frost J, Rocha S, Ciulli A. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) small-molecule inhibitor binding increases stability and intracellular levels of VHL protein. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100910. [PMID: 34174286 PMCID: PMC8313594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by frequent mutation of VHL protein, a tumor suppressor that functions as the substrate recognition subunit of a Cullin2 RING E3 ligase complex (CRL2VHL). CRL2VHL plays important roles in oxygen sensing by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-α) subunits for ubiquitination and degradation. VHL is also commonly hijacked by bifunctional molecules such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras to induce degradation of target molecules. We previously reported the design and characterization of VHL inhibitors VH032 and VH298 that block the VHL:HIF-α interaction, activate the HIF transcription factor, and induce a hypoxic response, which can be beneficial to treat anemia and mitochondrial diseases. How these compounds affect the global cellular proteome remains unknown. Here, we use unbiased quantitative MS to identify the proteomic changes elicited by the VHL inhibitor compared with hypoxia or the broad-spectrum prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzyme inhibitor IOX2. Our results demonstrate that VHL inhibitors selectively activate the HIF response similar to the changes induced in hypoxia and IOX2 treatment. Interestingly, VHL inhibitors were found to specifically upregulate VHL itself. Our analysis revealed that this occurs via protein stabilization of VHL isoforms and not via changes in transcript levels. Increased VHL levels upon VH298 treatment resulted in turn in reduced levels of HIF-1α protein. This work demonstrates the specificity of VHL inhibitors and reveals different antagonistic effects upon their acute versus prolonged treatment in cells. These findings suggest that therapeutic use of VHL inhibitors may not produce overt side effects from HIF stabilization as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianty Frost
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; Center for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Center for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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25
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Loss of Function of von Hippel-Lindau Trigger Lipocalin 2-Dependent Inflammatory Responses in Cultured and Primary Renal Tubular Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5571638. [PMID: 34257811 PMCID: PMC8245224 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5571638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mutations in the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) can result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation and are a significant predisposing factor for the development of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To study VHL's role in ccRCC formation, we previously developed a novel conditional knockout mouse model that mimicked the features of kidney inflammation and fibrosis that lead to cyst formation and hyperplasia. However, due to VHL's complex cellular functions, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we used the HK-2 cells and mouse primary renal tubule cells (mRTCs) carrying VHL mutations as models to study the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ROS accumulation. We also studied the role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in regulating macrophage recruitment by HK-2 cells. We measured the level of ROS in HK-2 cells in the presence or absence of LCN2 knockdown and found that the VHL mutation caused ROS overproduction, but an LCN2 knockdown could attenuate the process. VHL was also found to mediate the in vitro and in vivo expression and secretion of LCN2. Thus, VHL likely affects ROS production in an LCN2-dependent manner. Our findings also suggest that LCN2 sensitizes the inflammatory response of HK-2 cells and the chemotactic abilities of macrophage RAW264.7 cells. By demonstrating that the loss of function of von Hippel-Lindau triggers lipocalin 2-dependent inflammatory responses in cultured and primary renal tubular cells, our results offer novel insights into a potential therapeutic approach for interfering with the development of ccRCC.
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Lee HW. Multidiscipline Immunotherapy-Based Rational Combinations for Robust and Durable Efficacy in Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126290. [PMID: 34208157 PMCID: PMC8230742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques for diagnosis have increased awareness on the benefits of brain screening, facilitated effective control of extracranial disease, and prolonged life expectancy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. Brain metastasis (BM) in patients with mRCC (RCC-BM) is associated with grave prognoses, a high degree of morbidity, dedicated assessment, and unresponsiveness to conventional systemic therapeutics. The therapeutic landscape of RCC-BM is rapidly changing; however, survival outcomes remain poor despite standard surgery and radiation, highlighting the unmet medical needs and the requisite for advancement in systemic therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are one of the most promising strategies to treat RCC-BM. Understanding the role of brain-specific tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is important for developing rationale-driven ICI-based combination strategies that circumvent tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors and complex positive feedback loops associated with resistance to ICIs in RCC-BM via combination with ICIs involving other immunological pathways, anti-antiangiogenic multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and radiotherapy; therefore, novel combination approaches are being developed for synergistic potential against RCC-BM; however, further prospective investigations with longer follow-up periods are required to improve the efficacy and safety of combination treatments and to elucidate dynamic predictive biomarkers depending on the interactions in the brain TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Lee
- Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Goyang 10408, Korea
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27
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Ishihara H, Takagi T, Kondo T, Fukuda H, Tachibana H, Yoshida K, Iizuka J, Kobayashi H, Okumi M, Ishida H, Tanabe K. Assessing improvements in metastatic renal cell carcinoma systemic treatments from the pre-cytokine to the immune checkpoint inhibitor eras: a retrospective analysis of real-world data. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:793-801. [PMID: 33324983 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies assessing outcome improvements over a long period according to systemic therapy strategies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma using real-world data, including the results of the recent era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, are limited. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated patients who were diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma over a 40-year span. METHODS Patients were classified into four groups based on when their metastases were diagnosed as follows: (i) the pre-cytokine era (1980-1986), (ii) the cytokine era (1987-2007), (iii) the molecular-targeted therapy (mTT) era (2008 to August 2016) and (iv) the immune checkpoint inhibitor era (September 2016 to 2018). The immune checkpoint inhibitor era consisted of second- or later-line nivolumab. Overall survival from the diagnoses of metastases was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 576 patients were evaluated, including 22 (3.82%), 231 (40.1%), 253 (43.9%) and 70 (12.2%) patients from the pre-cytokine, cytokine, molecular-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor eras, respectively. The overall survival significantly improved with each successive era (median: 13.1 vs. 24.5 vs. 44.4 months vs. not reached in pre-cytokine vs. cytokine vs. molecular-targeted therapy vs. immune checkpoint inhibitor eras, P < 0.0001). The implementation of molecular-targeted therapy improved overall survival compared with that of cytokine (cytokine vs. molecular-targeted therapy eras, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the era was an independent factor for overall survival (P < 0.0001), together with histopathological type; metastasis status (i.e. synchronous or metachronous); systemic therapy status (i.e. absence or presence) and bone, liver or lymph node metastasis status (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This retrospective study of real-world data indicated that metastatic renal cell carcinoma outcomes improved with successive systemic therapy paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tachibana
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okumi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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The Ambivalent Role of miRNAs in Carcinogenesis: Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Their Clinical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040322. [PMID: 33918154 PMCID: PMC8065760 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of microRNA (miRNAs), small, non-coding endogenous RNA, plays a crucial role in oncology. These short regulatory sequences, acting on thousands of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), modulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level leading to translational repression or degradation of target molecules. Although their function is required for several physiological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and cell differentiation, miRNAs are also responsible for development and/or progression of several cancers, since they may interact with classical tumor pathways. In this review, we highlight recent advances in deregulated miRNAs in cancer focusing on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide an overview of the potential use of miRNA in their clinical settings, such as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Li T, Mao C, Wang X, Shi Y, Tao Y. Epigenetic crosstalk between hypoxia and tumor driven by HIF regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:224. [PMID: 33109235 PMCID: PMC7592369 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the major influence factor in physiological and pathological courses which are mainly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in response to low oxygen tensions within solid tumors. Under normoxia, HIF signaling pathway is inhibited due to HIF-α subunits degradation. However, in hypoxic conditions, HIF-α is activated and stabilized, and HIF target genes are successively activated, resulting in a series of tumour-specific activities. The activation of HIFs, including HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α, subsequently induce downstream target genes which leads to series of responses, the resulting abnormal processes or metabolites in turn affect HIFs stability. Given its functions in tumors progression, HIFs have been regarded as therapeutic targets for improved treatment efficacy. Epigenetics refers to alterations in gene expression that are stable between cell divisions, and sometimes between generations, but do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. And with the development of research, epigenetic regulation has been found to play an important role in the development of tumors, which providing accumulating basic or clinical evidences for tumor treatments. Here, given how little has been reported about the overall association between hypoxic tumors and epigenetics, we made a more systematic review from epigenetic perspective in hope of helping others better understand hypoxia or HIF pathway, and providing more established and potential therapeutic strategies in tumors to facilitate epigenetic studies of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ying Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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30
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Shenoy N. HIF1α is not a target of 14q deletion in clear cell renal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17642. [PMID: 33077781 PMCID: PMC7573601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HIF1α has been termed a tumor-suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), primarily based on functional proliferation studies in cell lines (in vitro and in vivo) with genetic manipulation, and the adverse prognosis of 14q-deleted ccRCC patients. In other malignancies, however, HIF1α has an established tumor-promoting role. Therefore, this study sought to further examine the role of HIF1α in ccRCC using bioinformatic analyses of 530 ccRCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) registries. Although lower copy numbers of HIF1A (encoding HIF1α, located at 14q23.2) was associated with worse survival, there was no survival difference based on either HIF1A mRNA or HIF1α protein expression. Interestingly, L2HGDH (L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase), a recently characterized epigenetic modulating ccRCC tumor-suppressor with a marked impact on survival, was found to be located only ~ 11.5Mbp from HIF1A on 14q (at 14q21.3). L2HGDH was therefore co-deleted in ~ 95% of 14q deletions involving HIF1A locus. Remarkably, HIF1A CNV had a markedly stronger correlation with L2HGDH expression (Rho = 0.55) than its own gene expression (Rho = 0.27), indicating high preserved-allele compensation of HIF1A. Genetic loss of HIF1A was therefore associated with a much greater reduction of L2HGDH gene expression than its own gene expression, providing a possible explanation for survival differences based on HIF1A CNV and mRNA expression. Furthermore, in 14q-deleted ccRCC patients with complete (uncensored) survival data, in the relatively rare cases where genetic loss of HIF1A occurred without genetic loss of L2HGDH (n = 5), the survival was significantly greater than where there was simultaneous genetic loss of both (n = 87) (mean survival 1670.8 ± 183.5 days vs 885.1 ± 78.4 days; p = 0.007). In addition, there was no correlation between HIF1A mRNA and HIF1α protein expression in ccRCC (R = 0.02), reflecting the primarily post-translational regulation of HIF1α. Lastly, even between L2HGDH and HIF1A loci, 14q was found to have several other yet-to-be-characterized potential ccRCC tumor-suppressors. Taken together, the data indicate that HIF1α is not a target of 14q deletion in ccRCC and that it is not a tumor-suppressor in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shenoy
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, 10461, USA. .,Experimental Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA.
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31
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Wang X, Lopez R, Luchtel RA, Hafizi S, Gartrell B, Shenoy N. Immune evasion in renal cell carcinoma: biology, clinical translation, future directions. Kidney Int 2020; 99:75-85. [PMID: 32949550 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have advanced the treatment landscape of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) over the last decade. While checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated survival benefit and are currently approved in the front-line and second-line settings, primary and secondary resistance is common. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of immune evasion in RCC is therefore critical to the development of effective combination treatment strategies. This article reviews the current understanding of the different, yet coordinated, mechanisms adopted by RCC cells to evade immune killing; summarizes various aspects of clinical translation thus far, including the currently registered RCC clinical trials exploring agents in combination with checkpoint inhibitors; and provides perspectives on the current landscape and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Luchtel
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Benjamin Gartrell
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niraj Shenoy
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Experimental Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Xiong Z, Yuan C, shi J, Xiong W, Huang Y, Xiao W, Yang H, Chen K, Zhang X. Restoring the epigenetically silenced PCK2 suppresses renal cell carcinoma progression and increases sensitivity to sunitinib by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11444-11461. [PMID: 33052225 PMCID: PMC7546001 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tumors have significant abnormalities in various biological properties. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metabolic abnormalities are characteristic biological dysfunction that cannot be ignored. Despite this, many aspects of this dysfunction have not been fully explained. The purpose of this study was to reveal a new mechanism of metabolic and energy-related biological abnormalities in RCC. Methods: Molecular screening and bioinformatics analysis were performed in RCC based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Regulated pathways were investigated by qRT-PCR, immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. A series of functional analyses was performed in cell lines and xenograft models. Results: By screening the biological abnormality core dataset-mitochondria-related dataset and the metabolic abnormality core dataset-energy metabolism-related dataset in public RCC databases, PCK2 was found to be differentially expressed in RCC compared with normal tissue. Further analysis by the TCGA database showed that PCK2 was significantly downregulated in RCC and predicted a poor prognosis. Through additional studies, it was found that a low expression of PCK2 in RCC was caused by methylation of its promoter region. Restoration of PCK2 expression in RCC cells repressed tumor progression and increased their sensitivity to sunitinib. Finally, mechanistic investigations indicated that PCK2 mediated the above processes by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusions: Collectively, our results identify a specific mechanism by which PCK2 suppresses the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and increases sensitivity to sunitinib by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. This finding provides a new biomarker for RCC as well as novel targets and strategies for the treatment of RCC.
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The Tumor Suppressor Roles of MYBBP1A, a Major Contributor to Metabolism Plasticity and Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010254. [PMID: 31968688 PMCID: PMC7017249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYB binding protein 1A (MYBBP1A, also known as p160) acts as a co-repressor of multiple transcription factors involved in many physiological processes. Therefore, MYBBP1A acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple aspects related to cell physiology, most of them very relevant for tumorigenesis. We explored the different roles of MYBBP1A in different aspects of cancer, such as mitosis, cellular senescence, epigenetic regulation, cell cycle, metabolism plasticity and stemness. We especially reviewed the relationships between MYBBP1A, the inhibitory role it plays by binding and inactivating c-MYB and its regulation of PGC-1α, leading to an increase in the stemness and the tumor stem cell population. In addition, MYBBP1A causes the activation of PGC-1α directly and indirectly through c-MYB, inducing the metabolic change from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Therefore, the combination of these two effects caused by the decreased expression of MYBBP1A provides a selective advantage to tumor cells. Interestingly, this only occurs in cells lacking pVHL. Finally, the loss of MYBBP1A occurs in 8%–9% of renal tumors. tumors, and this subpopulation could be studied as a possible target of therapies using inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration.
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Silencing of nuclear factor kappa b 1 gene expression inhibits colony formation, cell migration and invasion via the downregulation of interleukin 1 beta and matrix metallopeptidase 9 in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1143-1151. [PMID: 31820316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly deadly urological tumor due to its high metastatic incidence and its notorious chemoresistance. The nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) family has been associated with apoptosis resistance and cellular invasion in RCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of NF-κB1 gene silencing on the colony formation, cell migration and invasion abilities of the RCC cell line. Renca-mock and Renca-shRNA-NF-κB1 cells were used in this work. NF-κB1 downregulation was assessed by western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and MMP-9 were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The IL-1β levels in the culture media were determined by a commercial ELISA kit. The MMP-9 protein expression and gelatinolytic activity were evaluated by western blotting and zymography, respectively, and the migration and invasion abilities were analysed. The expression levels of p105 and p50 in Renca-shRNA-NF-κBmoc1 cells were significantly reduced compared with those in the Renca-mock cells. The colony numbers of shRNA-NF-кB1 cells were lower than the colony numbers of the Renca-mock cells. NF-κB1 knockdown inhibited the cell migration and invasion of Renca-shRNA-NF-κB1 cells. These cells also exhibited reduced levels of IL-1β. The MMP-9 expression and activity levels were significantly reduced in Renca-shRNA-NF-κB1 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the downregulation of NF-κB1 suppresses the tumourigenicity of RCC by reducing MMP-9 expression and activity; thus, NF-κB1 could be a molecular target for RCC treatment.
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Zhang H, Zou J, Yin Y, Zhang B, Hu Y, Wang J, Mu H. Bioinformatic analysis identifies potentially key differentially expressed genes in oncogenesis and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8096. [PMID: 31788359 PMCID: PMC6883955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer within the urinary system. Great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogeny. However, the molecular mechanism of ccRCC is still not well understood. The aim of this study is to identify key genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of ccRCC. The mRNA microarray dataset GSE53757 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The GSE53757 dataset contains tumor and matched paracancerous specimens from 72 ccRCC patients with clinical stage I to IV. The linear model of microarray data (limma) package in R language was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING). Subsequently, we visualized molecular interaction networks by Cytoscape software and analyzed modules with MCODE. A total of 1,284, 1,416, 1,610 and 1,185 up-regulated genes, and 932, 1,236, 1,006 and 929 down-regulated genes were identified from clinical stage I to IV ccRCC patients, respectively. The overlapping DEGs among the four clinical stages contain 870 up-regulated and 645 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis of DEGs in the top module was carried out with DAVID. The results showed the DEGs of the top module were mainly enriched in microtubule-based movement, mitotic cytokinesis and mitotic chromosome condensation. Eleven up-regulated genes and one down-regulated gene were identified as hub genes. Survival analysis showed the high expression of CENPE, KIF20A, KIF4A, MELK, NCAPG, NDC80, NUF2, TOP2A, TPX2 and UBE2C, and low expression of ACADM gene could be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion or recurrence of ccRCC. Literature retrieval results showed the hub gene NDC80, CENPE and ACADM might be novel targets for the diagnosis, clinical treatment and prognosis of ccRCC. In conclusion, the findings of present study may help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of ccRCC, and provide potential diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- Department of Derma Science Laboratory, Wuxi NO.2 People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Mu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wang X, Li L, Zhao K, Lin Q, Li H, Xue X, Ge W, He H, Liu D, Xie H, Wu Q, Hu Y. A novel LncRNA HITT forms a regulatory loop with HIF-1α to modulate angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1431-1446. [PMID: 31700144 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human diseases, including cancer; however, only a few of them have been experimentally validated and functionally annotated. Here, we identify a novel lncRNA that we term HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). HITT is commonly decreased in multiple human cancers. Decreased HITT is associated with advanced stages of colon cancer. Restoration of the expression of HITT in cancer cells inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. Further study reveals that HITT inhibits HIF-1α expression, mainly by interfering with its translation. Mechanically, HITT titrates away YB-1 from the 5'-UTR of HIF-1α mRNA via a high-stringency YB-1-binding motif. The reverse correlation between HITT and HIF-1α expression is further validated in human colon cancer tissues. Moreover, HITT is one of the most altered lncRNAs upon the hypoxic switch and HITT downregulation is required for hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. We further demonstrate that HITT and HIF-1α form an autoregulatory feedback loop where HIF-1α destabilizes HITT by inducing MiR-205, which directly targets HITT for degradation. Together, these results expand our understanding of the cancer-associated functions of lncRNAs, highlighting the HITT-HIF-1α axis as constituting an additional layer of regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huayi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenjie Ge
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongjuan He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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Lai Y, Zeng T, Liang X, Wu W, Zhong F, Wu W. Cell death-related molecules and biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:221. [PMID: 31462894 PMCID: PMC6708252 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not sensitive to conventional radio- and chemotherapies and is at least partially resistant to impairments in cell death-related signaling pathways. The hallmarks of RCC formation include diverse signaling pathways, such as maintenance of proliferation, cell death resistance, angiogenesis induction, immune destruction avoidance, and DNA repair. RCC diagnosed during the early stage has the possibility of cure with surgery. For metastatic RCC (mRCC), molecular targeted therapy, especially antiangiogenic therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs, such as sunitinib), is one of the main partially effective therapeutics. Various forms of cell death that may be associated with the resistance to targeted therapy because of the crosstalk between targeted therapy and cell death resistance pathways were originally defined and differentiated into apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagic cell death based on cellular morphology. Particularly, as a new form of cell death, T cell-induced cell death by immune checkpoint inhibitors expands the treatment options beyond the current targeted therapy. Here, we provide an overview of cell death-related molecules and biomarkers for the progression, prognosis and treatment of mRCC by targeted therapy, with a focus on apoptosis and T cell-induced cell death, as well as other forms of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Xiongfa Liang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Weizou Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Fangling Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
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Wierzbicki PM, Klacz J, Kotulak-Chrzaszcz A, Wronska A, Stanislawowski M, Rybarczyk A, Ludziejewska A, Kmiec Z, Matuszewski M. Prognostic significance of VHL, HIF1A, HIF2A, VEGFA and p53 expression in patients with clear‑cell renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib as first‑line treatment. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:371-390. [PMID: 31268155 PMCID: PMC6615924 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell cancer, characterized by the highest mortality rate among other RCC subtypes due to the occurrence of metastasis and drug resistance following surgery. The Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL)-hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF1A)/hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A)-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein axis is involved in the development and progression of ccRCC, whereas sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks the binding of VEGFA to its receptor. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible association of the gene expression of VHL, HIF1A, HIF2A, VEGFA and tumor protein P53 (P53) in cancer tissue with the outcome of ccRCC patients who were treated with sunitinib as first-line therapy following nephrec-tomy. A total of 36 ccRCC patients were enrolled, 11 of whom were administered sunitinib post-operatively. Tumor and control samples were collected, and mRNA and protein levels were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. High mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF2A and VEGFA were found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates, as well as with unfavorable risk factors of cancer recurrence and mortality. Resistance to sunitinib was also observed; the OS and PFS rates were shorter (median OS and PFS: 12 and 6 months, respectively, vs. undetermined). Sunitinib resistance was associated with high HIF2A and VEGFA protein levels (b=0.57 and b=0.69 for OS and PFS, respectively; P<0.001). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the protein levels of HIF2A and VEGFA in tumor tissue may serve as independent prognostic factors in ccRCC. ccRCC patients with increased intratumoral HIF2A and VEGFA protein levels, and unaltered VHL protein levels, are not likely to benefit from sunitinib treatment following nephrectomy; however, this hypothesis requires verification by large-scale replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kotulak-Chrzaszcz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Wronska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Stanislawowski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
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Shenoy N. Epigenetic dysregulation by aberrant metabolism in renal cell carcinoma can be reversed with Ascorbic acid. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 6:1595309. [PMID: 31131312 PMCID: PMC6512931 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1595309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our recently published study uncovered mechanisms and prognostic impact of aberrant DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and comprehensively explored the potential of Ascorbic acid in reversing the epigenetic aberrancy. This article provides a summary of the findings and their translational significance, and important considerations while testing Ascorbic acid as an anti-cancer agent. Abbreviations- ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma; TET: Ten-Eleven Translocation; 5mC: 5-methylcytosine; 5hmC: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; L2HG: l-2-hydroxyglutarate; L2HGDH: l-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase; 2-OG: 2-Oxoglutarate; AA: Ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shenoy
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA
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40
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18F-FPPRGD 2 PET/CT in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1518-1523. [PMID: 30850872 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using (18F)-2-fluoropropionyl-labeled PEGylated dimeric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide [PEG3-E{c(RGDyk)}2] (18F-FPPRGD2) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) has not been evaluated; therefore, we were prompted to conduct this pilot study. METHODS Seven patients with mRCC were enrolled in this prospective study. 18F-FPPRGD2 and 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT images were evaluated in a per-lesion analysis. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and tumor-to-background ratio (T/B) were measured for all detected lesions, both before and after starting antiangiogenic therapy. RESULTS Sixty lesions in total were detected in this cohort. SUVmax from 18F-FPPRGD2 PET/CT was lower than that from 18F-FDG PET/CT (4.4 ± 2.9 vs 7.8 ± 5.6, P < 0.001). Both SUVmax and T/B from 18F-FPPRGD2 PET/CT decreased after starting antiangiogenic therapy (SUVmax, 4.2 ± 3.2 vs 2.6 ± 1.4, P = 0.003; T/B, 3.7 ± 3.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.8, P < 0.001). Average changes in SUVmax and T/B were - 29.3 ± 23.6% and - 48.1 ± 28.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FPPRGD2 PET/CT may be an useful tool for monitoring early response to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with mRCC. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in larger cohorts.
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Shenoy N, Bhagat TD, Cheville J, Lohse C, Bhattacharyya S, Tischer A, Machha V, Gordon-Mitchell S, Choudhary G, Wong LF, Gross L, Ressigue E, Leibovich B, Boorjian SA, Steidl U, Wu X, Pradhan K, Gartrell B, Agarwal B, Pagliaro L, Suzuki M, Greally JM, Rakheja D, Thompson RH, Susztak K, Witzig T, Zou Y, Verma A. Ascorbic acid-induced TET activation mitigates adverse hydroxymethylcytosine loss in renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1612-1625. [PMID: 30702441 DOI: 10.1172/jci98747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been shown to result in widespread aberrant cytosine methylation and loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the prognostic impact and therapeutic targeting of this epigenetic aberrancy has not been fully explored. Analysis of 576 primary ccRCC samples demonstrated that loss of 5hmC was strongly associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features and was an independent adverse prognostic factor. Loss of 5hmC also predicted reduced progression-free survival after resection of nonmetastatic disease. The loss of 5hmC in ccRCC was not due to mutational or transcriptional inactivation of ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, but to their functional inactivation by l-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG), which was overexpressed due to the deletion and underexpression of L2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). Ascorbic acid (AA) reduced methylation and restored genome-wide 5hmC levels via TET activation. Fluorescence quenching of the recombinant TET-2 protein was unaffected by L2HG in the presence of AA. Pharmacologic AA treatment led to reduced growth of ccRCC in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo, with increased intratumoral 5hmC. These data demonstrate that reduced 5hmC is associated with reduced survival in ccRCC and provide a preclinical rationale for exploring the therapeutic potential of high-dose AA in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shenoy
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Li-Fan Wong
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emily Ressigue
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Gartrell
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Masako Suzuki
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Katalin Susztak
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yiyu Zou
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Loss of MYBBP1A Induces Cancer Stem Cell Activity in Renal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020235. [PMID: 30781655 PMCID: PMC6406377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are cellular ecosystems where different populations and subpopulations of cells coexist. Among these cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the origin of the tumor mass, being involved in metastasis and in the resistance to conventional therapies. Furthermore, tumor cells have an enormous plasticity and a phenomenon of de-differentiation of mature tumor cells to CSCs may occur. Therefore, it is essential to identify genetic alterations that cause the de-differentiation of mature tumor cells to CSCs for the future design of therapeutic strategies. In this study, we characterized the role of MYBBP1A by experiments in cell lines, xenografts and human tumor samples. We have found that MYBBP1A downregulation increases c-MYB (Avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) activity, leading to a rise in the stem-like cell population. We identified that the downregulation of MYBBP1A increases tumorigenic properties, in vitro and in vivo, in renal carcinoma cell lines that express high levels of c-MYB exclusively. Moreover, in a cohort of renal tumors, MYBBP1A is downregulated or lost in a significant percentage of tumors correlating with poor patient prognosis and a metastatic tendency. Our data support the role of MYBBP1A as a tumor suppressor by repressing c-MYB, acting as an important regulator of the plasticity of tumor cells.
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Giuliano S, Dufies M, Ndiaye PD, Viotti J, Borchiellini D, Parola J, Vial V, Cormerais Y, Ohanna M, Imbert V, Chamorey E, Rioux-Leclercq N, Savina A, Ferrero JM, Mograbi B, Pagès G. Resistance to lysosomotropic drugs used to treat kidney and breast cancers involves autophagy and inflammation and converges in inducing CXCL5. Theranostics 2019; 9:1181-1199. [PMID: 30867824 PMCID: PMC6401402 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropic agents such as sunitinib, lapatinib, and chloroquine belong to a drug family that is being used more frequently to treat advanced cancers. Sunitinib is standard care for metastatic renal cell carcinomas (mRCC) and lapatinib is used for trastuzumab/pertuzumab-refractory cancers. However, patients ineluctably relapse with a delay varying from a few months to a few years. To improve reactivity prior to relapse it is essential to identify the mechanisms leading to such variability. We showed previously that sunitinib became sequestered in lysosomes because of its basic pKa. Methods: Modifications to gene expression in response to sunitinib and in sunitinib resistant cells were analyzed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. ROS production was evaluated by FACS. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFkB)-dependent transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression was evaluated with a reporter gene. Correlation of CXCL5 with survival was analyzed with an online available data base (TCGA) and using a cohort of patients enrolled in the SUVEGIL clinical trial (NCT00943839). Results: We now show that sunitinib sequestration in lysosomes induced an incomplete autophagic process leading to activation of the NFkB inflammatory pathway. We defined a subset of inflammatory cytokines that were up-regulated by the drug either after an acute or chronic stimulus. One of the most up-regulated genes in sunitinib-resistant cells was the CXCL5 cytokine. CXCL5 was also induced in RCC by chloroquine and in a model of HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines after acute or chronic treatment with lapatinib. CXCL5 correlated to shorter survival in RCC and to the most aggressive forms of breast cancers. The levels of CXCL5 present in the plasma of patients treated with sunitinib were predictive of the efficacy of sunitinib but not of the VEGF-directed antibody bevacizumab. Conclusion: This translational study identified CXCL5 as a biomarker of efficacy of lysosomotropic drugs, a potential asset for personalized medicine.
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Transferrin receptor-involved HIF-1 signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:356-365. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Association Between Renal Cell Carcinoma and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Epigenetic Underpinning? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:e1117-e1122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang J, Xi Z, Xi J, Zhang H, Li J, Xia Y, Yi Y. Somatic mutations in renal cell carcinomas from Chinese patients revealed by whole exome sequencing. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:159. [PMID: 30349421 PMCID: PMC6192216 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the somatic mutation profiles of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been revealed by several studies worldwide, the overwhelming majority of those were not derived from Chinese patients. The landscape of somatic alterations in RCC from Chinese patients still needs to be elucidated to determine whether discrepancies exist between Chinese patients and sufferers from other countries and regions. Methods We collected specimens from 26 Chinese patients with primary RCC, including 15 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples, 5 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) samples and 6 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) samples. Genomic DNAs were isolated from paired tumor-normal tissues and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to detect the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues. Results A total of 1920 nonsynonymous somatic variants in exons and 86 mutations at splice junctions were revealed. The tumor mutation burden of ccRCC was significantly higher than that of ChRCC (P < 0.05). For both ccRCC and PRCC, the most frequent substitution in somatic missense mutations was T:A > A:T, which was different from that recorded in the COSMIC database. Among eight significantly mutated genes in ccRCC in the TCGA database, six genes were verified in our study including VHL (67%), BAP1 (13%), SETD2 (13%), PBRM1 (7%), PTEN (7%) and MTOR (7%). All the mutations detected in those genes had not been reported in ccRCC before, except for alterations in VHL and PBRM1. Regarding the frequently mutated genes in PRCC in our study, DEPDC4 (p.E293A, p.T279A), PNLIP (p.N401Y, p.F342L) and SARDH (p.H554Q, p.M1T) were newly detected gene mutations predicted to be deleterious. As the most recurrently mutated gene in ChRCC in the TCGA dataset, TP53 (p.R81Q) was somatically altered only in one ChRCC case in this study. The HIF-1 signaling pathway was the most affected pathway in ccRCC, while the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was altered in all of the three RCC types. Membranous PD-L1 expression was positive in tumor cells from 6/26 (23%) RCC specimens. The PD-L1-positive rate was higher in RCC samples with the somatically mutated genes CSPG4, DNAH11, INADL and TMPRSS13 than in specimens without those (P < 0.05). Conclusions Using WES, we identified somatic mutations in 26 Chinese patients with RCC, which enriched the racial diversity of the somatic mutation profiles of RCC subjects, and revealed a few discrepancies in molecular characterizations between our study and published datasets. We also identified numerous newly detected somatic mutations, which further supplements the somatic mutation landscape of RCC. Moreover, 4 somatically mutated genes, including CSPG4, DNAH11, INADL and TMPRSS13, might be promising predictive factors of PD-L1-positive expression in RCC tumor cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0661-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, No 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Xi
- 1Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, No 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No 5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- Beijing Genex Health Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No 5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Xia
- Chongqing Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Precision Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxue Yi
- Chongqing Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Precision Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Legras A, Tallet A, Didelot A, Cazes A, Danel C, Hin A, Borie R, Crestani B, Castier Y, Bagan P, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Riquet M, Blons H, Mordant P. Clinical and molecular characteristics of unicentric mediastinal Castleman disease. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2079-2088. [PMID: 29850111 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Unicentric mediastinal Castleman disease (CD) is a rare condition, poorly characterized due to the small number of cases and the absence of genomic study. We analyzed clinical, radiological, histological and genomic patterns associated with mediastinal CD in a substantial case series.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of unicentric mediastinal CD managed in 2 French thoracic surgery departments between 1988 and 2012. Clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological data were recorded. On available FFPE blocks we performed mutation screening by next-generation-sequencing, using AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot v2 (Life Technologies) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) (AKT-mTOR pathway). Results Eleven patients were identified (mean age 41±15 years, sex-ratio 0.8, median follow-up 78 months). Surgical approach was thoracotomy (n=6), sternotomy (n=4), and VATS (n=1). Additional procedures included thymectomy in three cases, mediastinal lymphadenectomy in two cases, and bilobectomy in one case. One patient presented local relapse as a follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, leading to death 48 months after the first resection. Within 9 patients whose FFPE blocks were available, 2 mutations were found: VHL (p.F119L, 35%, n=1) and JAK3 (p.V718L, 53%, n=1). Phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR stainings were negative in all cases, whereas phospho-S6RP staining was positive in eight cases, mainly in interfollicular cell cytoplasm. Conclusions From this series of patients with unicentric mediastinal CD, we observed 2 cases of potential driver mutations and 8 cases of phospho-S6RP activation not related to AKT-mTOR. Larger studies are required to decipher more precisely the molecular abnormalities and potential therapeutic targets underlying this uncommon condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Legras
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Division of Molecular Biology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Didelot
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Division of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1152, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Claire Danel
- Division of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Angela Hin
- INSERM UMR-S1152, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Borie
- Division of Pneumology, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- INSERM UMR-S1152, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Division of Pneumology, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- INSERM UMR-S1152, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Division of Thoracic and Vascular surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bagan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Division of Thoracic and Vascular surgery, Victor Dupouy Hospital, Argenteuil, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Riquet
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Division of Molecular Biology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- INSERM UMR-S1152, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Division of Thoracic and Vascular surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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Schanza LM, Seles M, Stotz M, Fosselteder J, Hutterer GC, Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V. MicroRNAs Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112495. [PMID: 29165391 PMCID: PMC5713461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most common renal neoplasia and can be divided into three main histologic subtypes, among which clear cell RCC is by far the most common form of kidney cancer. Despite substantial advances over the last decade in the understanding of RCC biology, surgical treatments, and targeted and immuno-therapies in the metastatic setting, the prognosis for advanced RCC patients remains poor. One of the major problems with RCC treatment strategies is inherent or acquired resistance towards therapeutic agents over time. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation, has added new dimensions to the development of novel diagnostic and treatment tools. Because of an association between Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) genes with chromosomal loss in 3p25-26 and clear cell RCC, miRNAs have attracted considerable scientific interest over the last years. The loss of VHL function leads to constitutional activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway and to consequent expression of numerous angiogenic and carcinogenic factors. Since miRNAs represent key players of carcinogenesis, tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, as well as in development of metastases in RCC, they might serve as potential therapeutic targets. Several miRNAs are already known to be dysregulated in RCC and have been linked to biological processes involved in tumor angiogenesis and response to anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the role of different miRNAs in RCC angiogenesis and their association with the VHL gene, highlighting their potential role as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Schanza
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Seles
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Fosselteder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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Voss MH, Hussain A, Vogelzang N, Lee JL, Keam B, Rha SY, Vaishampayan U, Harris WB, Richey S, Randall JM, Shaffer D, Cohn A, Crowell T, Li J, Senderowicz A, Stone E, Figlin R, Motzer RJ, Haas NB, Hutson T. A randomized phase II trial of CRLX101 in combination with bevacizumab versus standard of care in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2754-2760. [PMID: 28950297 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle-drug conjugates enhance drug delivery to tumors. Gradual payload release inside cancer cells augments antitumor activity while reducing toxicity. CRLX101 is a novel nanoparticle-drug conjugate containing camptothecin, a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase I and the hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α. In a phase Ib/2 trial, CRLX101 + bevacizumab was well tolerated with encouraging activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We conducted a randomized phase II trial comparing CRLX101 + bevacizumab versus standard of care (SOC) in refractory mRCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mRCC and 2-3 prior lines of therapy were randomized 1 : 1 to CRLX101 + bevacizumab versus SOC, defined as investigator's choice of any approved regimen not previously received. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent radiological review in patients with clear cell mRCC. Secondary end points included overall survival, objective response rate and safety. RESULTS In total, 111 patients were randomized and received ≥1 dose of drug (CRLX101 + bevacizumab, 55; SOC, 56). Within the SOC arm, patients received single-agent bevacizumab (19), axitinib (18), everolimus (7), pazopanib (4), sorafenib (4), sunitinib (2), or temsirolimus (2). In the clear cell population, the median PFS on the CRLX101 + bevacizumab and SOC arms was 3.7 months (95% confidence interval, 2.0-4.3) and 3.9 months (95% confidence interval 2.2-5.4), respectively (stratified log-rank P = 0.831). The objective response rate by IRR was 5% with CRLX101 + bevacizumab versus 14% with SOC (Mantel-Haenszel test, P = 0.836). Consistent with previous studies, the CRLX101 + bevacizumab combination was generally well tolerated, and no new safety signal was identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite promising efficacy data on the earlier phase Ib/2 trial of mRCC, this randomized trial did not demonstrate improvement in PFS for the CRLX101 + bevacizumab combination when compared with approved agents in patients with heavily pretreated clear cell mRCC. Further development in this disease is not planned. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFICATION NCT02187302 (NIH).
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. mailto:
| | - A Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - N Vogelzang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas; US Oncology Research, USA
| | - J L Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - B Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - S Y Rha
- Department of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - U Vaishampayan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit
| | - W B Harris
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta
| | - S Richey
- US Oncology Research, USA; Department of Medicine, Texas Oncology, Fort Worth
| | - J M Randall
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - D Shaffer
- US Oncology Research, USA; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, NYOH, Albany
| | - A Cohn
- US Oncology Research, USA; Department of Clinical Research, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver
| | - T Crowell
- Department of Medicine, Cerulean Pharma Inc., Waltham
| | - J Li
- Department of Medicine, Cerulean Pharma Inc., Waltham
| | - A Senderowicz
- Department of Medicine, Cerulean Pharma Inc., Waltham
| | - E Stone
- Department of Medicine, Cerulean Pharma Inc., Waltham
| | - R Figlin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - R J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - N B Haas
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - T Hutson
- US Oncology Research, USA; Department of Medicine, Texas Oncology, Dallas, USA
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