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Tanveer F, Ilyas A, Syed B, Hashim Z, Ahmed A, Zarina S. Differential Protein Expression in Response to Varlitinib Treatment in Oral Cancer Cell Line: an In Vitro Therapeutic Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2110-2121. [PMID: 37470935 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most frequently overexpressed receptor histologically exhibited by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Aberrated EGFR signaling may lead to recurrence and metastasis, thus laying the foundation of targeted therapy. Deactivating EGFR is likely to prevent downstream signaling thus resulting in apoptosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have come into play to revert aggressiveness of OSCC. We exploited comparative proteomic analyses based on anti-EGFR potential of varlitinib, using cellular proteomes from treated and untreated groups of oral cancer cells to identify protein players functional during oral carcinogenesis. Following separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis, differentially expressed cellular proteins (varlitinib-treated and untreated cells) were analyzed and later identified using QTOF mass spectrometer. In silico analysis for protein-protein interaction was carried out using STRING. Six differentially expressed proteins were identified as binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), heat shock protein 7 C (HSP7C), protein disulfide isomerase 1 A (PDIA1), vimentin (VIME), keratin type I cytoskeletal 14 (K1C14), and β-Actin (ACTB). Relative expression of five proteins was found to be downregulated upon varlitinib treatment, whereas only K1C14 was upregulated in treated cells compared to control. Protein network analysis depicts the interaction between BiP, PDIA1, VIME, etc. indicating their role in oral carcinogenesis. Oral cancer cells show proteome shift based on varlitinib treatment compared to corresponding controls. Our data suggest candidature of varlitinib as a potent therapeutic agent and BiP, PDIA1, HSP7C, VIME, and β-Actin as complementary/prognostic markers of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Tanveer
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amber Ilyas
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Basir Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Zehra Hashim
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Lee MX, Wong ALA, Ow S, Sundar R, Tan DSP, Soo RA, Chee CE, Lim JSJ, Yong WP, Lim SE, Goh BC, Wang L, Lee SC. Phase Ib Dose-Finding Study of Varlitinib Combined with Weekly Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin ± Trastuzumab in Advanced Solid Tumors. Target Oncol 2022; 17:141-151. [PMID: 35195837 PMCID: PMC8995271 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Varlitinib is a highly potent, small-molecule, pan-HER inhibitor targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4. It has demonstrated activity in gastric, biliary tract, and breast cancers. Objective We conducted a phase Ib dose confirmation study to determine safety and early efficacy signals of varlitinib in combination with chemotherapy (paclitaxel ± carboplatin) ± subcutaneous trastuzumab. Methods Eligible patients had advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A 3+3 dose de-escalation study design was used and pharmacokinetic analyses of varlitinib and paclitaxel were performed. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled into eight cohorts with median 4 (0–14) prior lines of palliative systemic therapies. Carboplatin area under the curve 1.5 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly with varlitinib 500 mg twice daily continuously was de-escalated over four dose levels to 300 mg twice daily intermittently (4 days on, 3 days off) due to dose-limiting toxicities, most commonly neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and electrolyte disturbances, with the triplet combination deemed intolerable and unable to be developed further. Varlitinib was then combined with paclitaxel alone; the recommended phase II dose of varlitinib was 300 mg twice daily intermittently. The addition of subcutaneous trastuzumab 600 mg was safe with no dose-limiting toxicities. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for response: 35.5% partial response, 41.9% stable disease. Twenty patients had HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with a median of 4 (0–14) treatment lines, 8/20 continued on single-agent varlitinib after completing chemotherapy for a median of 5.1 (range 2.0–13.3) months. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed that plasma exposure of varlitinib was dose dependent. Varlitinib administration did not significantly affect the maximum concentration or area under the curve of paclitaxel. Conclusions The recommended phase II dose of varlitinib with paclitaxel is 300 mg twice daily intermittently dosed. This is active in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Subcutaneous trastuzumab can be added safely to varlitinib and paclitaxel. This combination is currently being evaluated as neoadjuvant therapy in HER2+ breast cancer (NCT02396108). Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02396108, date of registration: 25 March, 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11523-022-00867-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Xinwei Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Andrea L A Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Ow
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Ean Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joline S J Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Eng Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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