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Liu M, Ren Y, Zhou Z, Yang J, Shi X, Cai Y, Arreola AX, Luo W, Fung KM, Xu C, Nipp RD, Bronze MS, Zheng L, Li YP, Houchen CW, Zhang Y, Li M. The crosstalk between macrophages and cancer cells potentiates pancreatic cancer cachexia. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:885-903.e4. [PMID: 38608702 PMCID: PMC11162958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
With limited treatment options, cachexia remains a major challenge for patients with cancer. Characterizing the interplay between tumor cells and the immune microenvironment may help identify potential therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia. Herein, we investigate the critical role of macrophages in potentiating pancreatic cancer induced muscle wasting via promoting TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) secretion from the tumor. Specifically, depletion of macrophages reverses muscle degradation induced by tumor cells. Macrophages induce non-autonomous secretion of TWEAK through CCL5/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. TWEAK promotes muscle atrophy by activating MuRF1 initiated muscle remodeling. Notably, tumor cells recruit and reprogram macrophages via the CCL2/CCR2 axis and disrupting the interplay between macrophages and tumor cells attenuates muscle wasting. Collectively, this study identifies a feedforward loop between pancreatic cancer cells and macrophages, underlying the non-autonomous activation of TWEAK secretion from tumor cells thereby providing promising therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alex X Arreola
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ryan D Nipp
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Significant Tumor Regression after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer, but Poor Survival of the Patient? Role of MHC Class I Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030771. [PMID: 36765729 PMCID: PMC9913563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the clinical and prognostic relevance of allelic imbalance (AI) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes, encompassing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) genes, in the context of neoadjuvant platinum/fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (CTx). Biopsies before CTx were studied in 158 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. The response was histopathologically evaluated. AI was detected by multiplex PCRs analysis of four or five microsatellite markers in HLA and B2M regions, respectively. AI with no marker was significantly associated with response or survival. However, subgroup analysis revealed differences. AI at marker D6S265, close to the HLA-A gene, was associated with an obvious increased risk in responding (HR, 3.62; 95% CI, 0.96-13.68, p = 0.058) but not in non-responding patients (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.51-1.65, p = 0.773). Markers D6S273 and D6S2872 showed similar results. The interaction between AI at D6S265 and response to CTx was significant in a multivariable analysis (p = 0.010). No associations were observed for B2M markers. Our results underline the importance of intact neoantigen presentation specifically for responding patients and may help explain an unexpectedly poor survival of a patient despite significant tumor regression after neoadjuvant platinum/fluoropyrimidine CTx.
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Zhou B, Ying X, Chen Y, Cai X. A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Tumorigenic Effect of Leucine-Zipper-Like Transcription Regulator (LZTR1) in Human Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2663748. [PMID: 36304963 PMCID: PMC9593223 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2663748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the action site, mechanism of Leucine-Zipper-like Transcription Regulator-1 (LZTR1) and its relationship with RAS-MAPK signaling pathway attracts more and more scholars to focus on the researches of LZTR1 and its role in tumorigenesis. However, there was no pan-cancer analysis between LZTR1 and human tumors reported before. Therefore, we are the first to investigate the potential oncogenic roles of LZTR1 across all tumor types based on the datasets of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus). LZTR1 plays a double-edged role in tumor development and prognosis. We found that the high expression of LZTR1 brings better outcomes in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) but brings worth outcomes in uveal melanoma (UVM), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Moreover, the expression of LZTR1 also strongly associated with pathological in ACC and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). We also found that the LZTR1 expression was associated with some immune cell infiltration including endothelial cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cell CD8+, natural killer cells (NK cell), macrophages, neutrophil granulocyte, and cancer-associated fibroblasts in different cancers. Missense mutation in LZTR1 was detected in most cancers from TCGA datasets. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Body (GO) method was used to explain the pathogenesis of LZTR1. Our pan-cancer study provides a relatively comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenic role of LZTR1 in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xinyu Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yingcong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xingchen Cai
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Jesinghaus M, Herz AL, Kohlruss M, Silva M, Grass A, Lange S, Novotny A, Ott K, Schmidt T, Gaida M, Hapfelmeier A, Denkert C, Weichert W, Keller G. Post-neoadjuvant assessment of tumour budding according to ITBCC subgroups delivers stage- and regression-grade independent prognostic information in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:448-457. [PMID: 35715937 PMCID: PMC9353660 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumour budding (TB) has been associated with adverse clinicopathological factors and poor survival in a plethora of therapy‐naïve carcinoma entities including gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). As conventional histopathological grading is usually omitted in the post‐neoadjuvant setting of GC, our study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of TB in GCs resected after neoadjuvant therapy. We evaluated TB according to the criteria from the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) in 167 post‐neoadjuvant resections of intestinal‐type GC and correlated the results with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological parameters. GCs were categorised into Bd1 (0–4 buds, low TB), Bd2 (5–9 buds, intermediate TB), and Bd3 (≥10 buds, high TB). Carcinomas with intermediate and high TB were significantly enriched in higher ypTNM stages and strongly associated with reduced 5‐year OS in univariable analyses (p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses including sex, age, resection status, UICC stage, and tumour regression grading, TB remained a stage‐independent predictor of survival (p < 0.001, hazard ratio Bd2: 2.60, Bd3: 4.74). The assessment of TB according to the ITBCC criteria provides valuable prognostic information in the post‐neoadjuvant setting of intestinal‐type GC and may be a considerable substitute for the conventional grading system in GCs after neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lina Herz
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Kohlruss
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miguel Silva
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Grass
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Tian Y, Zhang C, Ma W, Huang A, Tian M, Zhao J, Dang Q, Sun Y. A novel classification method for NSCLC based on the background interaction network and the edge-perturbation matrix. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3155-3174. [PMID: 35398839 PMCID: PMC9037255 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological functional network of tumor tissues is relatively stable for a period of time and under different conditions, so the impact of tumor heterogeneity is effectively avoided. Based on edge perturbation, functional gene interaction networks were used to reveal the pathological environment of patients with non-small cell carcinoma at the individual level, and to identify cancer subtypes with the same or similar status, and then a multi-dimensional and multi-omics comprehensive analysis was put into practice. Two edge perturbation subtypes were identified through the construction of the background interaction network and the edge-perturbation matrix (EPM). Further analyses revealed clear differences between those two clusters in terms of prognostic survival, stemness indices, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecular expression, copy number alterations, mutation load, homologous recombination defects (HRD), neoantigen load, and chromosomal instability. Additionally, a risk prediction model based on TCGA for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) was successfully constructed and validated using the independent data set (GSE50081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Somatic Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250023, PR China
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250023, PR China
| | - Wanru Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Alan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, The Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Mei Tian
- Respiratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhao
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Qi Dang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kohlruss M, Krenauer M, Grosser B, Pfarr N, Jesinghaus M, Slotta-Huspenina J, Novotny A, Hapfelmeier A, Schmidt T, Steiger K, Gaida MM, Reiche M, Bauer L, Ott K, Weichert W, Keller G. Diverse 'just-right' levels of chromosomal instability and their clinical implications in neoadjuvant treated gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1621-1631. [PMID: 34671125 PMCID: PMC8651679 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium described EBV positivity(+), high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), genomic stability (GS) and chromosomal instability (CIN) as molecular subtypes in gastric carcinomas (GC). We investigated the predictive and prognostic value of these subtypes with emphasis on CIN in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) in GC. METHODS TCGA subgroups were determined for 612 resected adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastro-oesophageal junction (291 without, 321 with CTx) and 143 biopsies before CTx. EBV and MSI-H were analysed by standard assays. CIN was detected by multiplex PCRs analysing 22 microsatellite markers. Besides the TCGA classification, CIN was divided into four CIN-subgroups: low, moderate, substantial, high. Mutation profiling was performed for 52 tumours by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS EBV(+) (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-1.02), MSI-H (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89) and GS (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45-1.13) were associated with increased survival compared to CIN in the resected tumours. Considering the extended CIN-classification, CIN-substantial was a negative prognostic factor in uni- and multivariable analysis in resected tumours with CTx (each p < 0.05). In biopsies before CTx, CIN-high predicted tumour regression (p = 0.026), but was not prognostically relevant. CONCLUSION A refined CIN classification reveals tumours with different biological characteristics and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kohlruss
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Krenauer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Grosser
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.411067.50000 0000 8584 9230Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Slotta-Huspenina
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XDepartment of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.410607.4Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Reiche
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Bauer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- grid.477776.20000 0004 0394 5800Department of Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Keller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sexual Difference Matters: Females with High Microsatellite Instability Show Increased Survival after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051048. [PMID: 33801374 PMCID: PMC7958600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Here we report a sex- and age-specific analysis of 717 patients with gastric/gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas treated with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) regarding overall survival (OS) and response to CTx. The analysis was also performed in molecular subtypes determined previously. Females demonstrated a significantly increased OS particularly in the group of patients treated with neoadjuvant CTx. Specifically in this patient group and taken into account the molecular subtypes, females with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) showed the best survival followed by the male MSI-H, the female microsatellite stable (MSS) group and the male MSS group. Thus, we show an effect of sex on OS in gastric/gastro-esophageal cancer in particular for patients treated with neoadjuvant CTx. The superior survival of women with MSI-H tumors among the CTx patients implies that the combined consideration of these factors could contribute to an individualized treatment of the patients. Abstract We aimed to investigate patients with gastric/gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas for sex- and age-specific differences regarding overall survival (OS) and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) under consideration of tumor specific molecular subtypes. Overall, 717 patients were analyzed, including 426 patients treated with and 291 treated without neoadjuvant CTx. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and Epstein-Barr virus positivity (EBV+) were determined previously. Females demonstrated a significantly increased OS (p = 0.035), particularly in the subgroup treated with CTx (p = 0.054). No significant differences regarding age were found. In the molecular subgroups, no sex-related differences were observed in the non-CTx group. However in the CTx group, females with MSI-high (H) tumors showed the best OS (p = 0.043), followed by the male MSI-H (p = 0.198) and female MSS (p = 0.114) compared to the male MSS group as reference. The interaction between sex and MSI in this patient group was noticeable (p = 0.053) and was included as a relevant factor in multivariable analyses. In conclusion, our results show an effect of sex on OS in gastric/gastro-esophageal cancer specifically for patients treated with neoadjuvant CTx. The superior survival of women with MSI-H tumors after neoadjuvant CTx implies that combined consideration of these factors could contribute to an individualized treatment of the patients.
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Wang K, Li E, Busuttil RA, Kong JC, Pattison S, Sung JJY, Yu J, El-Omar EM, Simpson JA, Boussioutas A. A cohort study and meta-analysis of the evidence for consideration of Lauren subtype when prescribing adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920930359. [PMID: 32754227 PMCID: PMC7378722 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920930359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between the survival or efficacy of chemotherapy and the Lauren subtype of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify whether patients with different Lauren subtypes have different survival after treatment with systemic chemotherapy: intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) patients survived better than patients with mixed type gastric cancer (MGC) or diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) after treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Patients & methods Relevant studies for the meta-analysis were identified through searching Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Ovid up to March 2020. We also included our own prospectively collected cohort of patients that were followed over a 10-year period. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results In our prospective cohort, the overall survival (OS) of IGC patients receiving systemic chemotherapy (chemoIGC) [median OS 5.01 years, interquartile range (IQR) 2.63-6.71] was significantly higher than that of DGC patients receiving the same chemotherapy (chemoDGC) (median OS 1.33 years, IQR 0.78-3.33, p = 0.0001). After adjusting for age, gender and cancer stage, there was a significant difference in OS in patients treated with chemotherapy based on the Lauren classification of GC {hazard ratio (HR) for OS of the IGC versus DGC 0.33, [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-0.65; p < 0.001]}. In the IGC patients, the adjusted HR associated with chemotherapy was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.12-0.56; p = 0.001), whereas the association was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.30-1.33; p = 0.23) in the DGC patient group.In our meta-analysis, 33 studies comprising 10,246 patients treated with systemic chemotherapy (chemoIGC n = 4888, chemoDGC n = 5358) met all the selection criteria. While we accounted for much of the heterogeneity in these studies, we found that chemoIGC patients showed significantly improved OS [HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71-0.82); p < 0.00001] when compared with similarly treated chemoDGC patients. Conclusion Our results support the consideration of Lauren subtype when prescribing systemic chemotherapy for GC, particularly for MGC or DGC, which may not benefit from chemotherapy. Lauren classification should be considered to stratify chemotherapy regimens to GC patients in future clinical trials, with particular relevance to MGC or DGC, which is more difficult to treat with current regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunning Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Rita A Busuttil
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph C Kong
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Pattison
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Department of Medicine, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Impact of Tumor Localization and Molecular Subtypes on the Prognostic and Predictive Significance of p53 Expression in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061689. [PMID: 32630478 PMCID: PMC7352381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prognostic and predictive impact of p53 expression for gastric cancer (GC) patients treated without or with preoperative chemotherapy (CTx) and its relationship with specific molecular GC subtypes. Specimens from 694 GC patients (562 surgical resection specimens without or after CTx, 132 biopsies before CTx) were analyzed by p53 immunohistochemistry. High (H) and low (L) microsatellite instability (MSI) and Epstein–Barr virus positivity were determined previously. Our results show that aberrant p53 expression was a negative prognostic factor in uni- and multivariable analysis in the resection specimens cohort (each p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed the strongest prognostic effect for patients with distally located tumors or no CTx treatment. In the biopsy cohort before CTx, p53 did not predict response or survival. p53 expression was significantly different among the molecular subtypes in surgical resection and bioptic specimens with strong association of altered p53 with MSI-L. Patients with MSI-H and aberrant p53 showed the worst survival in the biopsy cohort. In conclusion, the prognostic impact of p53 in GC differs according to tumor localization and CTx. Altered p53 is characteristic for MSI-L, and the p53 status in biopsies before CTx delineates MSI-H subtypes with inverse prognostic impact.
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11
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Kohlruss M, Grosser B, Krenauer M, Slotta‐Huspenina J, Jesinghaus M, Blank S, Novotny A, Reiche M, Schmidt T, Ismani L, Hapfelmeier A, Mathias D, Meyer P, Gaida MM, Bauer L, Ott K, Weichert W, Keller G. Prognostic implication of molecular subtypes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 760 gastric carcinomas: role of Epstein-Barr virus infection and high- and low-microsatellite instability. J Pathol Clin Res 2019; 5:227-239. [PMID: 31206244 PMCID: PMC6817827 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus positivity (EBV(+)) and high-microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have been identified as molecular subgroups in gastric carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic and predictive relevance of these subgroups in the context of platinum/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based preoperative chemotherapy (CTx). Additionally, we investigated the clinical relevance of the low-MSI (MSI-L) phenotype. We analysed 760 adenocarcinomas of the stomach or the gastro-oesophageal junction encompassing 143 biopsies before CTx and 617 resected tumours (291 without and 326 after CTx). EBV was determined by PCR and in situ hybridisation for selected cases. MSI was analysed by PCR using five microsatellite markers and classified as MSI-H and MSI-L. Frequencies of EBV(+), MSI-H and MSI-L in the biopsies before CTx were 4.2, 10.5 and 4.9% respectively. EBV(+) or MSI-H did not correlate with response, but MSI-L was associated with better response (p = 0.011). In the resected tumours, frequencies of EBV(+), MSI-H and MSI-L were 3.9, 9.6 and 4.5% respectively. Overall survival (OS) was significantly different in the non-CTx group (p = 0.014). Patients with EBV(+) tumours showed the best OS, followed by MSI-H. MSI-L was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-4.04, p = 0.01). In the resected tumours after CTx, MSI-H was also associated with increased OS (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.26-1.09, p = 0.085). In multivariable analysis, molecular classification was an independent prognostic factor in the completely resected (R0) non-CTx group (p = 0.035). In conclusion, MSI-H and EBV(+) are not predictive of response to neoadjuvant platinum/5-FU based CTx, but they are indicative of a good prognosis. In particular, MSI-H indicates a favourable prognosis irrespective of treatment with CTx. MSI-L predicts good response to CTx and its negative prognostic effect for patients treated with surgery alone suggests that MSI-L might help to identify patients with potentially high-benefit from preoperative CTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kohlruss
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bianca Grosser
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marie Krenauer
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Susanne Blank
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Magdalena Reiche
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Liridona Ismani
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and EpidemiologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Daniel Mathias
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Petra Meyer
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Lukas Bauer
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of SurgeryKlinikum RosenheimRosenheimGermany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site MunichInstitute of PathologyMunichGermany
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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12
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Pan H, Pan J, Song S, Ji L, Lv H, Yang Z. EXOSC5 as a Novel Prognostic Marker Promotes Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer via Activating the ERK and AKT Pathways. Front Oncol 2019; 9:643. [PMID: 31380280 PMCID: PMC6659499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Exosome component 5 (EXOSC5) is a novel cancer-related gene that is aberrantly expressed in various malignances. However, the molecular mechanism and biological role of EXOSC5 have not been explored in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the functions and mechanisms by which EXOSC5 promotes the progression of CRC. Methods: EXOSC5 expressions in CRC cell lines and paired CRC and adjacent normal tissues were measured via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro experiments including colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and flow cytometry and in vivo tumorigenesis assay were performed to explore the effects of EXOSC5 on growth of CRC. The impacts of EXOSC5 on ERK and Akt signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of EXOSC5 were up-regulated in CRC as compared to adjacent normal tissues. IHC analysis indicated that high EXOSC5 level was positively associated with poor prognosis. EXOSC5 overexpression facilitated the growth of CRC cells, while EXOSC5 knockdown led to decreased proliferation, G1/S phase transition arrest. The oncogenic functions of EXOSC5 were associated with activation of the ERK and Akt pathways in CRC. Conclusion: EXOSC5 is overexpressed in CRC and promotes CRC growth partly through activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Accordingly, EXOSC5 may be a novel oncogene, and acts as a therapeutic target, or prognostic factor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shibo Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Shortt K, Heruth DP, Zhang N, Wu W, Singh S, Li DY, Zhang LQ, Wyckoff GJ, Qi LS, Friesen CA, Ye SQ. Identification of Novel Regulatory Genes in APAP Induced Hepatocyte Toxicity by a Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1396. [PMID: 30718897 PMCID: PMC6362041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic responsible for more than half of acute liver failure cases. Identification of previously unknown genetic risk factors would provide mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic targets for APAP-induced liver injury. This study used a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to evaluate genes that are protective against, or cause susceptibility to, APAP-induced liver injury. HuH7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells containing CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts were treated with 15 mM APAP for 30 minutes to 4 days. A gene expression profile was developed based on the 1) top screening hits, 2) overlap of expression data from APAP overdose studies, and 3) predicted affected biological pathways. We further demonstrated the implementation of intermediate time points for the identification of early and late response genes. This study illustrated the power of a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to systematically identify novel genes involved in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and to provide potential targets to develop novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shortt
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, St. George, UT, 84790, USA
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.
| | - NiNi Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shipra Singh
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ding-You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- Division of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Craig A Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 Axis against the Progression of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051477. [PMID: 29772686 PMCID: PMC5983686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in molecular and clinical research, patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer (GC) have a bad prognosis and very low survival rates. Furthermore, it is challenging to find the complex molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of GC, its progression, and its resistance to therapy. The interactions of chemokines, also known as chemotactic cytokines, with their receptors regulate immune and inflammatory responses. However, updated research demonstrates that cancer cells subvert the normal chemokine role, transforming them into fundamental constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with tumor-promoting effects. C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is a chemotactic cytokine, and its expression and secretion are regulated in T cells. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is expressed in T cells, macrophages, other leukocytes, and certain types of cancer cells. The interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into target sites. This review summarizes recent information on the role of the CCL5 chemokine and its receptor CCR5 in GC cell proliferation, metastasis formation, and in the building of an immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, it highlights the development of new therapeutic strategies to inhibit the CCL5/CCR5 axis in different ways and their possible clinical relevance in the treatment of GC.
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