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Fuso P, Muratore M, D’Angelo T, Paris I, Carbognin L, Tiberi G, Pavese F, Duranti S, Orlandi A, Tortora G, Scambia G, Fabi A. PI3K Inhibitors in Advanced Breast Cancer: The Past, The Present, New Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2161. [PMID: 35565291 PMCID: PMC9103982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in the female population and despite significant efforts made in diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies adopted for advanced breast cancer, the disease still remains incurable. Therefore, development of more effective systemic treatments constitutes a crucial need. Recently, several clinical trials were performed to find innovative predictive biomarkers and to improve the outcome of metastatic breast cancer through innovative therapeutic algorithms. In the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key regulator of cell proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, and motility, making it an interest and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade includes a complex network of biological events, needing more sophisticated approaches for their use in cancer treatment. In this review, we described the rationale for targeting the PI3K pathway, the development of PI3K inhibitors and the future treatment directions of different breast cancer subtypes in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fuso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Tatiana D’Angelo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giordana Tiberi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Pavese
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Simona Duranti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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