1
|
da Silveira Fleck A, Sadoine ML, Buteau S, Suarthana E, Debia M, Smargiassi A. Environmental and Occupational Short-Term Exposure to Airborne Particles and FEV 1 and FVC in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010571. [PMID: 34682321 PMCID: PMC8536058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: No study has compared the respiratory effects of environmental and occupational particulate exposure in healthy adults. Methods: We estimated, by a systematic review and meta-analysis, the associations between short term exposures to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM4) and certain parameters of lung function (FEV1 and FVC) in healthy adults. Results: In total, 33 and 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses, respectively. In environmental studies, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 7.63 mL (95% CI: −10.62 to −4.63 mL). In occupational studies, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM4 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 0.87 mL (95% CI: −1.36 to −0.37 mL). Similar results were observed with FVC. Conclusions: Both occupational and environmental short-term exposures to fine particles are associated with reductions in FEV1 and FVC in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan da Silveira Fleck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Margaux L. Sadoine
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Buteau
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 2155 Rue Guy, Montreal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CRHSCM), 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ziembicki S, Kirkham TL, Demers PA, Peters CE, Gorman Ng M, Davies HW, Tenkate T, Kalenge S, Blagrove-Hall N, Jardine KJ, Arrandale VH. Diesel Engine Exhaust Exposure in the Ontario Civil Infrastructure Construction Industry. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:150-162. [PMID: 34585719 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is a known lung carcinogen and a common occupational exposure in Canada. The use of diesel-powered equipment in the construction industry is particularly widespread, but little is known about DEE exposures in this work setting. The objective of this study was to determine exposure levels and identify and characterize key determinants of DEE exposure at construction sites in Ontario. METHODS Elemental carbon (EC, a surrogate of DEE exposure) measurements were collected at seven civil infrastructure construction worksites and one trades training facility in Ontario using NIOSH method 5040. Full-shift personal air samples were collected using a constant-flow pump and SKC aluminium cyclone with quartz fibre filters in a 37-mm cassette. Exposures were compared with published health-based limits, including the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety (DECOS) limit (1.03 µg m-3 respirable EC) and the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) recommendation (5 µg m-3 respirable EC). Mixed-effects linear regression was used to identify determinants of EC exposure. RESULTS In total, 149 EC samples were collected, ranging from <0.25 to 52.58 µg m-3 with a geometric mean (GM) of 3.71 µg m-3 [geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 3.32]. Overall, 41.6% of samples exceeded the FIOH limit, mostly within underground worksites (93.5%), and 90.6% exceeded the DECOS limit. Underground workers (GM = 13.20 µg m-3, GSD = 1.83) had exposures approximately four times higher than below grade workers (GM = 3.56 µg m-3, GSD = 1.94) and nine times higher than above ground workers (GM = 1.49 µg m-3, GSD = 1.75). Training facility exposures were similar to above ground workers (GM = 1.86 µg m-3, GSD = 4.12); however, exposures were highly variable. Work setting and enclosed cabins were identified as the key determinants of exposure in the final model (adjusted R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). The highest DEE exposures were observed in underground workplaces and when using unenclosed cabins. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data on current DEE exposure in Canadian construction workers. Most exposures were above recommended health-based limits, albeit in other jurisdictions, signifying a need to further reduce DEE levels in construction. These results can inform a hazard reduction strategy including targeted intervention/control measures to reduce DEE exposure and the burden of occupational lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ziembicki
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L Kirkham
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Gorman Ng
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Construction Safety Alliance, New Westminster, BC, Canada
| | - Hugh W Davies
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Tenkate
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Kalenge
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shin J, Kim B, Kim HR. Characteristics of Occupational Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust for Shipyard Transporter Signal Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4398. [PMID: 32570973 PMCID: PMC7344567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Workers performing signal work for a heavy-duty shipyard transporter are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), which is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Here, we evaluate DEE exposure levels for workers engaged in shipyard transporter signal work through measurement of respirable elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC), and identify the factors affecting exposure. Methods: Sixty signal workers were selected, and measured samples were analyzed by thermo-optical transmittance. Results: The mean EC exposure level of a transporter signal worker was 4.16 µg/m3, with a range of 0.69 to 47.81 µg/m3. EC, OC, and TC exposure levels did not show statistically significant differences for individual variables except the measurement date. This was influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, and it was confirmed that the work position, number carried, and load capacity in the multiple regression analysis after minimizing the meteorological effects were factors influencing the EC exposure level of the signalman. Conclusions: Meteorological conditions influenced DEE exposure of transporter signal workers who work outdoors. The mean EC exposure level was not high, but exposures to high concentrations of EC were recorded by meteorological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungah Shin
- Department of Research for Occupational Health, Institute of Occupation and Environment, Incheon 21417, Korea; (J.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Boowook Kim
- Department of Research for Occupational Health, Institute of Occupation and Environment, Incheon 21417, Korea; (J.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| |
Collapse
|