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Vergara IH, Geber MA, Moeller DA, Eckhart VM. Population histories of variable reproductive success and low winter precipitation correlate with risk-averse seed germination in a mediterranean-climate winter annual. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16412. [PMID: 39328075 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Seed germination involves risk; post-germination conditions might not allow survival and reproduction. Variable, stressful environments favor seeds with germination that avoids risk (e.g., germination in conditions predicting success), spreads risk (e.g., dormancy), or escapes risk (e.g., rapid germination). Germination studies often investigate trait correlations with climate features linked to variation in post-germination reproductive success. Rarely are long-term records of population reproductive success available. METHODS Supported by demographic and climate monitoring, we analyzed germination in the California winter-annual Clarkia xantiana subsp. xantiana. Sowing seeds of 10 populations across controlled levels of water potential and temperature, we estimated temperature-specific base water potential for 20% germination, germination time weighted by water potential above base (hydrotime), and a dormancy index (frequency of viable, ungerminated seeds). Mixed-effects models analyzed responses to (1) temperature, (2) discrete variation in reproductive success (presence or absence of years with zero seed production by a population), and (3) climate covariates, mean winter precipitation and coefficient of variation (CV) of spring precipitation. For six populations, records enabled analysis with a continuous metric of variable reproduction, the CV of per-capita reproductive success. RESULTS Populations with more variable reproductive success had higher base water potential and dormancy. Higher base water potential and faster germination occurred at warmer experimental temperatures and in seeds of populations with wetter winters. CONCLUSIONS Geographic variation in seed germination in this species suggests local adaptation to demographic risk and rainfall. High base water potential and dormancy may concentrate germination in years likely to allow reproduction, while spreading risk among years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella H Vergara
- Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Olivette, MO, USA
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Wang J, Bu Z, Poschlod P, Yusup S, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Seed dormancy types and germination response of 15 plant species in temperate montane peatlands. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11671. [PMID: 38952654 PMCID: PMC11216845 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their crucial role in determining the fate of seeds, the type and breaking mode of seed dormancy in peatland plants in temperate Asia with a continental monsoon climate are rarely known. Fifteen common peatland plant species were used to test their seed germination response to various dormancy-breaking treatments, including dry storage (D), gibberellin acid soaking (GA), cold stratification (CS), warm followed cold stratification (WCS), GA soaking + cold stratification (GA + CS) and GA soaking + warm followed cold stratification (GA + WCS). Germination experiment, viability and imbibition test, and morphological observation of embryos were conducted. Of the 15 species, nine showed physiological dormancy (PD), with non-deep PD being the dominant type. Four species, Angelica pubescens, Cicuta virosa, Iris laevigata, and Iris setosa exhibited morphophysiological dormancy. Two species, Lycopus uniflorus and Spiraea salicifolia, demonstrated nondormancy. Overall, the effect hierarchy of dormancy-breaking is: CS > GA > WCS > GA + CS > D > GA + WCS. Principal component analysis demonstrated that seed traits, including embryo length: seed length ratio, seed size, and monocot/eudicot divergence, are more likely to influence seed dormancy than environmental factors. Our study suggests that nearly 90% of the tested peatland plant species in the Changbai Mountains demonstrated seed dormancy, and seed traits (e.g. embryo-to-seed ratio and seed size) and abiotic environmental factors (e.g. pH and temperature seasonality) are related to germination behavior, suggesting seed dormancy being a common adaptation strategy for the peatland plants in the temperate montane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation RestorationInstitute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai MountainsChangchunChina
| | - Zhao‐Jun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation RestorationInstitute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai MountainsChangchunChina
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation BiologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Shuayib Yusup
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation RestorationInstitute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai MountainsChangchunChina
| | - Jia‐Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation RestorationInstitute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai MountainsChangchunChina
| | - Zheng‐Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation RestorationInstitute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai MountainsChangchunChina
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Rosbakh S, Carta A, Fernández-Pascual E, Phartyal SS, Dayrell RLC, Mattana E, Saatkamp A, Vandelook F, Baskin J, Baskin C. Global seed dormancy patterns are driven by macroclimate but not fire regime. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:555-564. [PMID: 37537732 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy maximizes plant recruitment in habitats with variation in environmental suitability for seedling establishment. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive synthesis of the macroecological drivers of nondormancy and the different classes of seed dormancy: physiological dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy and physical dormancy. We examined current geographic patterns and environmental correlates of global seed dormancy variation. Combining the most updated data set on seed dormancy classes for > 10 000 species with > 4 million georeferenced species occurrences covering all of the world's biomes, we test how this distribution is driven by climate and fire regime. Seed dormancy is prevalent in seasonally cold and dry climates. Physiological dormancy occurs in relatively dry climates with high temperature seasonality (e.g. temperate grasslands). Morphophysiological dormancy is more common in forest-dominated, cold biomes with comparatively high and evenly distributed precipitation. Physical dormancy is associated with dry climates with strong seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations (e.g. deserts and savannas). Nondormancy is associated with stable, warm and wetter climates (e.g. tropical rain forest). Pyroclimate had no significant effect on the distribution of seed dormancy. The environmental drivers considered in this study had a comparatively low predictive power, suggesting that macroclimate is just one of several global drivers of seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Rosbakh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelino Carta
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC - Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Pascual
- IMIB Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo-CSIC-Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - Shyam S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, India
| | - Roberta L C Dayrell
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, TH17 6TH, Ardingly, UK
| | - Efisio Mattana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, TH17 6TH, Ardingly, UK
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Université, IMBE, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, 13397, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jerry Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-022, USA
| | - Carol Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-022, USA
- Department of Plants and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-022, USA
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Fernández-Pascual E, Carta A, Rosbakh S, Guja L, Phartyal SS, Silveira FAO, Chen SC, Larson JE, Jiménez-Alfaro B. SeedArc, a global archive of primary seed germination data. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:466-470. [PMID: 37533134 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernández-Pascual
- IMIB Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo - CSIC - Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo, E-33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - Angelino Carta
- Department of Biology, Botany Unit, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC - Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lydia Guja
- National Seed Bank, Australian National Botanic Gardens, Parks Australia, 2601, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (A Joint Venture Between Parks Australia and CSIRO), CSIRO, 2601, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Shyam S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, 803116, Rajgir, India
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31320290, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
- Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, RH176TN, Wakehurst, UK
| | - Julie E Larson
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR, 97720, USA
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- IMIB Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo - CSIC - Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo, E-33600, Mieres, Spain
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Visscher AM, Vandelook F, Fernández-Pascual E, Pérez-Martínez LV, Ulian T, Diazgranados M, Mattana E. Low availability of functional seed trait data from the tropics could negatively affect global macroecological studies, predictive models and plant conservation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:773-784. [PMID: 36349952 PMCID: PMC9758304 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant seeds have many traits that influence ecological functions, ex situ conservation, restoration success and their sustainable use. Several seed traits are known to vary significantly between tropical and temperate regions. Here we present three additional traits for which existing data indicate differences between geographical zones. We discuss evidence for geographical bias in availability of data for these traits, as well as the negative consequences of this bias. SCOPE We reviewed the literature on seed desiccation sensitivity studies that compare predictive models to experimental data and show how a lack of data on populations and species from tropical regions could reduce the predictive power of global models. In addition, we compiled existing data on relative embryo size and post-dispersal embryo growth and found that relative embryo size was significantly larger, and embryo growth limited, in tropical species. The available data showed strong biases towards non-tropical species and certain families, indicating that these biases need to be corrected to perform truly global analyses. Furthermore, we argue that the low number of seed germination studies on tropical high-mountain species makes it difficult to compare across geographical regions and predict the effects of climate change in these highly specialized tropical ecosystems. In particular, we show that seed traits of geographically restricted páramo species have been studied less than those of more widely distributed species, with most publications unavailable in English or in the peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS The low availability of functional seed trait data from populations and species in the tropics can have negative consequences for macroecological studies, predictive models and their application to plant conservation. We propose that global analyses of seed traits with evidence for geographical variation prioritize generation of new data from tropical regions as well as multi-lingual searches of both the grey- and peer-reviewed literature in order to fill geographical and taxonomic gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Victoria Pérez-Martínez
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Tiziana Ulian
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Mauricio Diazgranados
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Efisio Mattana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
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Pausas JG, Lamont BB, Keeley JE, Bond WJ. Bet-hedging and best-bet strategies shape seed dormancy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1232-1236. [PMID: 35975702 PMCID: PMC9825997 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juli G. Pausas
- CIDE‐CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMontcada46113ValenciaSpain
| | - Byron B. Lamont
- Ecology Section, School of Life and Molecular SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWA6845Australia
| | - Jon E. Keeley
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research CenterSequoia–Kings Canyon Field StationThree RiversCA93271USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California–Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - William J. Bond
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape Town7701South Africa
- South African Environmental Observation NetworkNational Research FoundationClaremont7735South Africa
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Sage RF. Plant Seeds and Floristic Preservation in the Anthropocene. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:mcac064. [PMID: 35583672 PMCID: PMC9292593 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
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