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Yi J, Wan J, Tielbörger K, Tao Z, Siemann E, Huang W. Specialist reassociation and residence time modulate the evolution of defense in invasive plants: A meta-analysis. Ecology 2024; 105:e4253. [PMID: 38272490 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Invasive plants typically escape specialist herbivores but are often attacked by generalist herbivores in their introduced ranges. The shifting defense hypothesis suggests that this will cause invasive plants to evolve lower resistance against specialists, higher resistance against generalists, and greater tolerance to herbivore damage. However, the duration and direction of selective pressures can shape the evolutionary responses of resistance and tolerance for invasive plants. Two critical factors are (1) residence time (length of time that an invasive species has been in its introduced range) and (2) specialist herbivore reassociation (attack by purposely or accidentally introduced specialists). Yet, these two factors have not been considered simultaneously in previous quantitative syntheses. Here, we performed a meta-analysis with 367 effect sizes from 70 studies of 35 invasive plant species from native and invasive populations. We tested how the residence time of invasive plant species and specialist reassociation in their introduced ranges affected evolutionary responses of defenses against specialists and generalists, including herbivore resistance traits (physical barriers, digestibility reducers and toxins), resistance effects (performance of and damage caused by specialists or generalists) and tolerance to damage (from specialists or generalists). We found that residence time and specialist reassociation each significantly altered digestibility reducers, specialist performance, generalist damage, and tolerance to specialist damage. Furthermore, residence time and specialist reassociation strongly altered toxins and generalist performance, respectively. When we restricted consideration to invasive plant species with both longer residence times and no reassociation with specialists, invasive populations had lower resistance to specialists, similar resistance to generalists, and higher tolerance to damage from both herbivore types, compared with native populations. We conclude that the duration and direction of selective pressure shape the evolutionary responses of invasive plants. Under long-term (long residence time) and stable (no specialist reassociation) selective pressure, invasive plants generally decrease resistance to specialists and increase tolerance to generalist damage that provides mixed support for the shifting defense hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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2
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Callaway RM, Lucero JE, Hierro JL, Lortie CJ. The
EICA
is dead? Long live the
EICA
! Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2289-2302. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jacob E. Lucero
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - C. J. Lortie
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
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3
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Čuda J, Meyerson LA. Evolution of increased competitive ability (
EICA
) may explain dominance of introduced species in ruderal communities. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam
| | - Özkan Eren
- Aydin Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen‐Edebiyat Fakültesi Aydın Turkey
| | - Jan Čuda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- The University of Rhode Island, Department of Natural Resources Science Kingston RI USA
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4
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Lakoba VT, Atwater DZ, Thomas VE, Strahm BD, Barney JN. A global invader’s niche dynamics with intercontinental introduction, novel habitats, and climate change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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5
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Lu X, He M, Tang S, Wu Y, Shao X, Wei H, Siemann E, Ding J. Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:819-827. [PMID: 31318017 PMCID: PMC6868397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China. METHODS An common garden experiment spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21°N to 36.8°N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory. KEY RESULTS In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores, but otherwise their cover was comparable at low latitude. However, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump shaped with latitude. CONCLUSION These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and point to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a biogeographic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
| | - Minyan He
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Saichun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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6
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Manea A, Tabassum S, Carthey AJR, Cameron DNS, Leishman MR. Evidence for a shift in defence driving the invasion success of Acacia longifolia in Australia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Tavares D, Loureiro J, Martins A, Castro M, Roiloa S, Castro S. Genetically based phenotypic differentiation between native and introduced tetraploids of Oxalis pes-caprae. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Getman-Pickering ZL, terHorst CP, Magnoli SM, Lau JA. Evolution of increased Medicaco polymorpha size during invasion does not result in increased competitive ability. Oecologia 2018; 188:203-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Shi J, Macel M, Tielbörger K, Verhoeven KJF. Effects of admixture in native and invasive populations of Lythrum salicaria. Biol Invasions 2018; 20:2381-2393. [PMID: 30956538 PMCID: PMC6417435 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific hybridization between diverged populations can enhance fitness via various genetic mechanisms. The benefits of such admixture have been proposed to be particularly relevant in biological invasions, when invasive populations originating from different source populations are found sympatrically. However, it remains poorly understood if admixture is an important contributor to plant invasive success and how admixture effects compare between invasive and native ranges. Here, we used experimental crosses in Lythrum salicaria, a species with well-established history of multiple introductions to Eastern North America, to quantify and compare admixture effects in native European and invasive North American populations. We observed heterosis in between-population crosses both in native and invasive ranges. However, invasive-range heterosis was restricted to crosses between two different Eastern and Western invasion fronts, whereas heterosis was absent in geographically distant crosses within a single large invasion front. Our results suggest that multiple introductions have led to already-admixed invasion fronts, such that experimental crosses do not further increase performance, but that contact between different invasion fronts further enhances fitness after admixture. Thus, intra-continental movement of invasive plants in their introduced range has the potential to boost invasiveness even in well-established and successfully spreading invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- 1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,2Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, 315040 China
| | - Mirka Macel
- 1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,3Department of Plant Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 NL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- 1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Koen J F Verhoeven
- 4Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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10
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Menge EO, Bellairs SM, Lawes MJ. Disturbance-dependent invasion of the woody weed, Calotropis procera, in Australian rangelands. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/rj16120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions are threats to biodiversity and ecosystem processes that have far reaching ecological and economic impacts. Understanding the mechanisms of invasion essentially helps in developing effective management strategies. Rubber bush (Calotropis procera) is an introduced milkweed that invades Australian beef production rangelands. Its establishment is often associated with disturbances caused by pastoral management practices. We examined whether or not rubber bush (1) outcompetes native grasses, (2) can invade intact rangeland, and (3) if disturbance facilitates rubber bush establishment and spread in grassy rangelands. We measured the competitive response of different densities of Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata) individuals and the competitive effects of associate rubber bush seedlings in an additive common garden experiment. Replicated field exclosure experiments, under grass-dominated and tropical savanna woodland conditions examined the effect of increasing levels of disturbance on rubber bush seedling emergence. The dominant native Mitchell grass was a stronger competitor than rubber bush when grown together under greenhouse conditions, whereby root and shoot biomass yields were more restricted in rubber bush compared with Mitchell grass. This finding was corroborated in the field exclosure experiments at both sites, where seedling emergence increased 5-fold in seeded and highly disturbed plots where superficial soils were turned over by treatments simulating heavy grazing and trampling by cattle or machinery. Emergence of rubber bush seedlings in seeded plots that were undisturbed, clipped and grazed was minimal and rubber bush seedlings did not survive the seedling stage in these plots. These results demonstrate that disturbance to the superficial soil stratum affects the ability of rubber bush seeds to successfully establish in a microsite, and high levels of soil disturbance substantially increase establishment. Thus, rubber bush is a poor competitor of Mitchell grass and does not invade intact grassland. Consequently, rubber bush invasion is disturbance-dependent in the vast Australian rangelands. The spread of this weed may be arrested by management practices that minimise disturbances to grass cover.
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11
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Siemann E, DeWalt SJ, Zou J, Rogers WE. An experimental test of the EICA Hypothesis in multiple ranges: invasive populations outperform those from the native range independent of insect herbivore suppression. AOB PLANTS 2016; 9:plw087. [PMID: 28039113 PMCID: PMC5499768 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The success of invasive plants may reflect environmental differences in their native and introduced ranges including both abiotic and biotic conditions, such as release from aboveground herbivory. However, in response to these novel conditions, plants from invasive populations may have higher growth rates and lower defense levels compared to those in the native range. This may contribute to their success in the introduced range but perhaps not in the native range. Here, we grew 1000 Triadica sebifera plants from 14 native and introduced populations in seven common gardens with unmanaged background vegetation for three growing seasons in three geographic venues that varied in T. sebifera status and insect herbivore communities: Texas -T. sebifera is invasive, low levels of generalist herbivory; Hawaii - T. sebifera introduced but not invasive, high levels of generalist herbivory from exotic herbivores; China - native range, both generalist and specialist herbivores. We suppressed aboveground insects with insecticide on half the plants. Aboveground damage in the first growing season was lowest in Texas and insecticide sprays reduced damage in China. At the end of the first growing season, plants were tallest on average in China and shortest in Hawaii. However, height in later years and mass were highest on average in Texas and lowest in Hawaii. However, there was large variation in damage and plant performance among gardens within venues. Our results suggest that more rapid aboveground growth rates contribute to T. sebifera's success in both the invasive and native ranges independent of aboveground herbivory. However, strong variation among sites indicates that T. sebifera plants from invasive populations only have a strong advantage in a subset of sites in Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Saara J. DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - William E. Rogers
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Oduor AMO, Stift M, van Kleunen M. The Interaction between Root Herbivory and Competitive Ability of Native and Invasive-Range Populations of Brassica nigra. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141857. [PMID: 26517125 PMCID: PMC4627727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis predicts that escape from intense herbivore damage may enable invasive plants to evolve higher competitive ability in the invasive range. Below-ground root herbivory can have a strong impact on plant performance, and invasive plants often compete with multiple species simultaneously, but experimental approaches in which EICA predictions are tested with root herbivores and in a community setting are rare. Here, we used Brassica nigra plants from eight invasive- and seven native-range populations to test whether the invasive-range plants have evolved increased competitive ability when competing with Achillea millefolium and with a community (both with and without A. millefolium). Further, we tested whether competitive interactions depend on root herbivory on B. nigra by the specialist Delia radicum. Without the community, competition with A. millefolium reduced biomass of invasive- but not of native-range B. nigra. With the community, invasive-range B. nigra suffered less than native-range B. nigra. Although the overall effect of root herbivory was not significant, it reduced the negative effect of the presence of the community. The community produced significantly less biomass when competing with B. nigra, irrespective of the range of origin, and independent of the presence of A. millefolium. Taken together, these results offer no clear support for the EICA hypothesis. While native-range B. nigra plants appear to be better in dealing with a single competitor, the invasive-range plants appear to be better in dealing with a more realistic multi-species community. Possibly, this ability of tolerating multiple competitors simultaneously has contributed to the invasion success of B. nigra in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M. O. Oduor
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz. Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marc Stift
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz. Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz. Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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