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Trojan A, Lone YC, Briceno I, Trojan J. Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1983-2002. [PMID: 38031775 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673237968231106095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccines for the deadliest brain tumor - glioblastoma (GBM) - are generally based on targeting growth factors or their receptors, often using antibodies. The vaccines described in the review were prepared to suppress the principal cancer growth factor - IGF-I, using anti-gene approaches either of antisense (AS) or of triple helix (TH) type. Our objective was to increase the median survival of patients treated with AS and TH cell vaccines. METHODOLOGY The cells were transfected in vitro by both constructed IGF-I AS and IGF-I TH expression episomal vectors; part of these cells was co-cultured with plant phytochemicals, modulating IGF-I expression. Both AS and TH approaches completely suppressed IGF-I expression and induced MHC-1 / B7 immunogenicity related to the IGF-I receptor signal. RESULTS This immunogenicity proved to be stronger in IGF-I TH than in IGF-I AS-prepared cell vaccines, especially in TH / phytochemical cells. The AS and TH vaccines generated an important TCD8+ and TCD8+CD11b- immune response in treated GBM patients and increased the median survival of patients up to 17-18 months, particularly using TH vaccines; in some cases, 2- and 3-year survival was reported. These clinical results were compared with those obtained in therapies targeting other growth factors. CONCLUSION The anti-gene IGF-I vaccines continue to be applied in current GBM personalized medicine. Technical improvements in the preparation of AS and TH vaccines to increase MHC-1 and B7 immunogenicity have, in parallel, allowed to increase in the median survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, PO Box: 130014 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, PO Box: 250008 Chia, Colombia
| | - Jerzy Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
- National Academy of Medicine - ANM, PO Box: 75272 Paris, France
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Alonso AM, Reyes-Maldonado OK, Puebla-Pérez AM, Arreola MPG, Velasco-Ramírez SF, Zúñiga-Mayo V, Sánchez-Fernández RE, Delgado-Saucedo JI, Velázquez-Juárez G. GC/MS Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Antimicrobial Effect of Pelargonium peltatum (Geraniaceae). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113436. [PMID: 35684374 PMCID: PMC9181846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increase in antibiotic resistance demands searching for new compounds with antimicrobial activity. Phytochemicals found in plants offer an alternative to this problem. The genus Pelargonium contains several species; some have commercial use in traditional medicine such as P. sinoides, and others such as P. peltatum are little studied but have promising potential for various applications such as phytopharmaceuticals. In this work, we characterized the freeze-dried extracts (FDEs) of five tissues (root, stem, leaf, and two types of flowers) and the ethyl acetate fractions from leaf (Lf-EtOAc) and flower (Fwr-EtOAc) of P. peltatum through the analysis by thin-layer chromatography (T.L.C.), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), phytochemicals quantification, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity. After the first round of analysis, it was observed that the FDE-Leaf and FDE-Flower showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to the other FDEs, for which FDE-Leaf and FDE-Flower were fractionated and analyzed in a second round. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS showed that Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc had the lowest IC50 values with 27.15 ± 1.04 and 28.11 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. The content of total polyphenols was 264.57 ± 7.73 for Lf-EtOAc and 105.39 ± 4.04 mg G.A./g FDE for Fwr-EtOAc. Regarding the content of flavonoid, Lf-EtOAc and Fw-EtOAc had the highest concentration with 34.4 ± 1.06 and 29.45 ± 1.09 mg Q.E./g FDE. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of antimicrobial activity was evaluated: Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc were effective at 31.2 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and 62.5 µg/mL for Salmonella enterica, while for the Enterococcus feacalis strain, Fwr-EtOAc presented 31.2 µg/mL of M.I.C. According to the GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (Pyrogallol), with 77.38% of relative abundance in the Lf-EtOAc and 71.24% in the Fwr-EtOAc, followed by ethyl gallate (13.10%) in the Fwr-EtOAc and (Z)-9-Octadecenamide (13.63% and 6.75%) in both Lf-EtOAc and Fwr-EtOAc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan-Misael Alonso
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Kevin Reyes-Maldonado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Avanzada, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.K.R.-M.); (S.F.V.-R.)
| | - Ana María Puebla-Pérez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos Arreola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, División de Genética, I.M.S.S., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara CP 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Sandra Fabiola Velasco-Ramírez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Avanzada, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.K.R.-M.); (S.F.V.-R.)
| | - Victor Zúñiga-Mayo
- Campus Montecillo, CONACyT-Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco CP 56230, Estado de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Rosa E. Sánchez-Fernández
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal (LANISAF), Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Mexico-Texcoco km 38.5, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico;
| | - Jorge-Iván Delgado-Saucedo
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.-I.D.-S.); (G.V.-J.)
| | - Gilberto Velázquez-Juárez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Avanzada, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.K.R.-M.); (S.F.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: (J.-I.D.-S.); (G.V.-J.)
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Liao IT, Rifkin JL, Cao G, Rausher MD. Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1505-1519. [PMID: 34783034 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the evolution of the selfing syndrome often involves reductions in floral size, pollen and nectar, few studies of selfing syndrome divergence have examined nectar. We investigate whether nectar traits have evolved independently of other floral size traits in the selfing syndrome, whether nectar traits diverged due to drift or selection, and the extent to which quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses predict genetic correlations. We use F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between Ipomoea cordatotriloba and Ipomoea lacunosa. We calculate genetic correlations to identify evolutionary modules, test whether trait divergence was due to selection, identify QTLs and perform correlation analyses to evaluate how well QTL properties reflect genetic correlations. Nectar and floral size traits form separate evolutionary modules. Selection has acted to reduce nectar traits in the selfing I. lacunosa. Genetic correlations predicted from QTL properties are consistent with observed genetic correlations. Changes in floral traits associated with the selfing syndrome reflect independent evolution of at least two evolutionary modules: nectar and floral size traits. We also demonstrate directional selection on nectar traits, which is likely to be independent of selection on floral size traits. Our study also supports the expected mechanistic link between QTL properties and genetic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene T Liao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joanna L Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gongyuan Cao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Phukela B, Adit A, Tandon R. Evolutionary trends and diversity of major floral nectary types across Solanaceae. PLANTA 2021; 254:55. [PMID: 34415427 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a co-evolutionary crosstalk amid plants and their pollinators, nectaries serve as a labile link between the relatively fixed structural domains of divergent flower forms and associated pollination syndromes. Floral nectary plays a crucial role in sexual plant reproduction by enabling interaction between plants and their pollinators. It is known to associate with different floral whorls, and exhibits variations in structure and location in different clades across angiosperms. To infer evolutionary patterns, it is important to map key features associated with the trait at various taxonomic ranks. In the present study, we analysed variability and distribution of floral nectaries in Solanaceae for the first time. Floral nectaries of 23 taxa representing different clades in the family were studied using bright-field and scanning electron microscopy. The study reveals that although floral nectaries share anatomical similarity, they differ in morphology, composition within cells, and locations within a flower across the clades. The analysis suggests that (i) there is a shift from symmetric, lobed type nectary in the early branching sub-families to asymmetric, annular type in the late branching ones, (ii) floral organization has shifted from asymmetry (zygomorphy) to symmetry (actinomorphy) in corolla, and (iii) the lobed nectary correlates with zygomorphic floral forms that are pollinated by birds and long-tongued vectors, while the annular nectary is predominant among species with bee-pollinated actinomorphic flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banisha Phukela
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arjun Adit
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Sokoloff DD, Yadav SR, Chandore AN, Remizowa MV. Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111424. [PMID: 33114293 PMCID: PMC7690878 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of Eriocaulon to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in E. redactum, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in E. redactum. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of Eriocaulon to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal-stamen primordia in Eriocaulon do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The 'reverse' flower orientation of Eriocaulon is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Sokoloff
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; or
| | | | - Arun N. Chandore
- Department of Botany, Abasaheb Marathe Arts and New Commerce, Science College, Rajapur 416 702, District Ratnagiri, MS, India;
| | - Margarita V. Remizowa
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; or
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Konarska A, Masierowska M. Structure of floral nectaries and female-biased nectar production in protandrous species Geranium macrorrhizum and Geranium phaeum. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:501-523. [PMID: 31792604 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nectar is a major floral reward offered to pollinators by plants. In dichogamous plant species, differences in nectar production across sexual phases often occur, but both the male- and female-phase flowers have to attract pollinators to achieve effective pollination. Nectar-producing structures, i.e. floral nectaries, are a key component of floral organisation and architecture, and the knowledge of their structure and function contributes to better understanding of the plant-pollinator interactions. In the present study, we investigated the morphology and structure of nectaries and the nectar production pattern in two protandrous species Geranium macrorrhizum and G. phaeum. The flowers of the studied species have been shown to exhibit varied availability of nectar for insect visitors. Their nectaries differ in the shape, size and thickness. The other differences include the localisation of the stomatal field, the size and number of nectarostomata, the presence of non-glandular and glandular trichomes, the presence of tannin idioblasts, the mode of secretion and the occurrence of plastids functioning probably as autophagosomes and autolysosomes, whose presence in nectary cells has been described for the first time. The flowers of the studied species started nectar secretion in the non-receptive phase before pollen presentation and nectar was produced throughout both sexual phases. The nectar production was gender biased towards the female phase in the nectar amount, nectar sugar concentration and total sugar secreted in the nectar. We postulate that the nectar production patterns in G. phaeum and G. macrorrhizum might have evolved as a response to pollinators' pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Konarska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marzena Masierowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
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Jeiter J, Weigend M. Simple scales make complex compartments: ontogeny and morphology of stamen–corolla tube modifications in Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginales). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Jeiter
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee, Bonn, Germany
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Heslop-Harrison JS(P. Morphology, adaptation and speciation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:621-624. [PMCID: PMC5691378 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant evolution and development in a phylogenetic context has accelerated research advances in both areas over the last decade. The addition of a robust phylogeny for plant taxa based on DNA as well as morphology has given a strong context for this research. Genetics and genomics, including sequencing of many genes, and a better understanding of non-genetic, responsive changes, by plants have increased knowledge of how the different body forms of plants have arisen. Here, I overview the papers in this Special Issue of Annals of Botany on Morphological Adaptation, bringing together a range of papers that link phylogeny and morphology. These lead to models of development and functional adaptation across a range of plant systems, with implications for ecology and ecosystems, as well as development and evolution.
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