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McCahill IW, Khahani B, Probert CF, Flockhart EL, Abushal LT, Gregory GA, Zhang Y, Baumgart LA, O’Malley RC, Hazen SP. Shoring up the base: the development and regulation of cortical sclerenchyma in grass nodal roots. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577257. [PMID: 38352548 PMCID: PMC10862697 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Plants depend on the combined action of a shoot-root-soil system to maintain their anchorage to the soil. Mechanical failure of any component of this system results in lodging, a permanent and irreversible inability to maintain vertical orientation. Models of anchorage in grass crops identify the compressive strength of roots near the soil surface as key determinant of resistance to lodging. Indeed, studies of disparate grasses report a ring of thickened, sclerenchyma cells surrounding the root cortex, present only at the base of nodal roots. Here, in the investigation of the development and regulation of this agronomically important trait, we show that development of these cells is uncoupled from the maturation of other secondary cell wall-fortified cells, and that cortical sclerenchyma wall thickening is stimulated by mechanical forces transduced from the shoot to the root. We also show that exogenous application of gibberellic acid stimulates thickening of lignified cell types in the root, including cortical sclerenchyma, but is not sufficient to establish sclerenchyma identity in cortex cells. Leveraging the ability to manipulate cortex development via mechanical stimulus, we show that cortical sclerenchyma development alters root mechanical properties and improves resistance to lodging. We describe transcriptome changes associated with cortical sclerenchyma development under both ambient and mechanically stimulated conditions and identify SECONDARY WALL NAC7 as a putative regulator of mechanically responsive cortex cell wall development at the root base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. McCahill
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bahman Khahani
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | | | - Logayn T. Abushal
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Greg A. Gregory
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leo A. Baumgart
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronan C. O’Malley
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel P. Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Ahmad I, Sohail M, Hameed M, Fatima S, Ahmad MSA, Ahmad F, Mehmood A, Basharat S, Asghar A, Shah SMR, Ahmad KS. Morpho-anatomical determinants of yield potential in Olea europaea L. cultivars belonging to diversified origin grown in semi-arid environments. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286736. [PMID: 37285364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant performance is mainly estimated based on plant architecture, leaf features and internal microstructural changes. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a drought tolerant, oil yielding, and medium sized woody tree that shows specific structural and functional modifications under changing environment. This study was aimed to know the microstructural alteration involving in growth and yield responses of different Olive cultivars. Eleven cultivars were collected all over the world and were planted at Olive germplasm unit, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal (Punjab) Pakistan, during September to November 2017. Plant material was collected to correlate morpho-anatomical traits with yield contributing characteristics. Overall, the studied morphological characters, yield and yield parameters, and root, stem and leaf anatomical features varied highly significantly in all olive cultivars. The most promising cultivar regarding yield was Erlik, in which plant height seed weight and root anatomical characteristics, i.e., epidermal thickness and phloem thickness, stem features like collenchymatous thickness, phloem thickness and metaxylem vessel diameter, and leaf traits like midrib thickness, palisade cell thickness a phloem thickness were the maximum. The second best Hamdi showed the maximum plant height, fruit length, weight and diameter and seed length and weight. It also showed maximum stem phloem thickness, midrib and lamina thicknesses, palisade cell thickness. Fruit yield in the studied olive cultivars can be more closely linked to high proportion of storage parenchyma, broader xylem vessels and phloem proportion, dermal tissue, and high proportion of collenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Sana Basharat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansa Asghar
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohsan Raza Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
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