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Koç A, De Storme N. Structural regulation and dynamic behaviour of organelles during plant meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925789. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes use various mechanisms to maintain cell division stability during sporogenesis, and in particular during meiosis to achieve production of haploid spores. In addition to establishing even chromosome segregation in meiosis I and II, it is crucial for meiotic cells to guarantee balanced partitioning of organelles to the daughter cells, to properly inherit cellular functions. In plants, cytological studies in model systems have yielded insights into the meiotic behaviour of different organelles, i.e., clearly revealing a distinct organization at different stages throughout meiosis indicating for an active regulatory mechanism determining their subcellular dynamics. However, how, and why plant meiocytes organize synchronicity of these elements and whether this is conserved across all plant genera is still not fully elucidated. It is generally accepted that the highly programmed intracellular behaviour of organelles during meiosis serves to guarantee balanced cytoplasmic inheritance. However, recent studies also indicate that it contributes to the regulation of key meiotic processes, like the organization of cell polarity and spindle orientation, thus exhibiting different functionalities than those characterized in mitotic cell division. In this review paper, we will outline the current knowledge on organelle dynamics in plant meiosis and discuss the putative strategies that the plant cell uses to mediate this programmed spatio-temporal organization in order to safeguard balanced separation of organelles. Particular attention is thereby given to putative molecular mechanisms that underlie this dynamic organelle organization taken into account existing variations in the meiotic cell division program across different plant types. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the structural role of organelles in plant meiosis and discuss on organelle-based cellular mechanisms that contribute to the organization and molecular coordination of key meiotic processes, including spindle positioning, chromosome segregation and cell division. Overall, this review summarizes all relevant insights on the dynamic behaviour and inheritance of organelles during plant meiosis, and discusses on their functional role in the structural and molecular regulation of meiotic cell division.
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Dhami N, Pogson BJ, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. A foliar pigment-based bioassay for interrogating chloroplast signalling revealed that carotenoid isomerisation regulates chlorophyll abundance. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:18. [PMID: 35177117 PMCID: PMC8851705 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some plastid-derived metabolites can control nuclear gene expression, chloroplast biogenesis, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. For example, norflurazon (NFZ) induced inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis in leaves elicits a protoporphyrin IX (Mg-ProtoIX) retrograde signal that controls chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Carotenoid cleavage products, known as apocarotenoids, also regulate plastid development. The key steps in carotenoid biosynthesis or catabolism that can regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaf tissues remain unclear. Here, we established a foliar pigment-based bioassay using Arabidopsis rosette leaves to investigate plastid signalling processes in young expanding leaves comprising rapidly dividing and expanding cells containing active chloroplast biogenesis. RESULTS We demonstrate that environmental treatments (extended darkness and cold exposure) as well as chemical (norflurazon; NFZ) inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, reduce chlorophyll levels in young, but not older leaves of Arabidopsis. Mutants with disrupted xanthophyll accumulation, apocarotenoid phytohormone biosynthesis (abscisic acid and strigolactone), or enzymatic carotenoid cleavage, did not alter chlorophyll levels in young or old leaves. However, perturbations in acyclic cis-carotene biosynthesis revealed that disruption of CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO), but not ZETA-CAROTENE ISOMERASE (Z-ISO) activity, reduced chlorophyll levels in young leaves of Arabidopsis plants. NFZ-induced inhibition of PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) activity caused higher phytoene accumulation in younger crtiso leaves compared to WT indicating a continued substrate supply from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. CONCLUSION The Arabidopsis foliar pigment-based bioassay can be used to differentiate signalling events elicited by environmental change, chemical treatment, and/or genetic perturbation, and determine how they control chloroplast biogenesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Genetic perturbations that impaired xanthophyll biosynthesis and/or carotenoid catabolism did not affect chlorophyll biosynthesis. The lack of CAROTENOID ISOMERISATION reduced chlorophyll accumulation, but not phytoene biosynthesis in young leaves of Arabidopsis plants growing under a long photoperiod. Findings generated using the newly customised foliar pigment-based bioassay implicate that carotenoid isomerase activity and NFZ-induced inhibition of PDS activity elicit different signalling pathways to control chlorophyll homeostasis in young leaves of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 30, Kaski, Gandaki, 33700, Nepal
| | - B J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - D T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - C I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Muñoz P, Munné-Bosch S. Oxylipins in plastidial retrograde signaling. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101717. [PMID: 32979794 PMCID: PMC7511966 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins (compounds derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids) are essential in retrograde signaling emanating from plastids to the nucleus during plant developmental and stress responses. In this graphical review, we provide an overview of the chemical structure, biosynthesis and role of oxylipins, as both redox and hormonal signals, in controlling plant development and stress responses. We also briefly summarize current gaps in the understanding of the involvement of oxylipins in plastidial retrograde signaling to highlight future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Miyagishima SY. A Multifunctional Modulator Coordinates Nuclear Transcription and Plastid Metabolism and Proliferation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:820-822. [PMID: 32434073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Pfannschmidt T, Terry MJ, Van Aken O, Quiros PM. Retrograde signals from endosymbiotic organelles: a common control principle in eukaryotic cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190396. [PMID: 32362267 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiotic organelles of eukaryotic cells, the plastids, including chloroplasts and mitochondria, are highly integrated into cellular signalling networks. In both heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms, plastids and/or mitochondria require extensive organelle-to-nucleus communication in order to establish a coordinated expression of their own genomes with the nuclear genome, which encodes the majority of the components of these organelles. This goal is achieved by the use of a variety of signals that inform the cell nucleus about the number and developmental status of the organelles and their reaction to changing external environments. Such signals have been identified in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes (known as retrograde signalling and retrograde response, respectively) and, therefore, appear to be universal mechanisms acting in eukaryotes of all kingdoms. In particular, chloroplasts and mitochondria both harbour crucial redox reactions that are the basis of eukaryotic life and are, therefore, especially susceptible to stress from the environment, which they signal to the rest of the cell. These signals are crucial for cell survival, lifespan and environmental adjustment, and regulate quality control and targeted degradation of dysfunctional organelles, metabolic adjustments, and developmental signalling, as well as induction of apoptosis. The functional similarities between retrograde signalling pathways in autotrophic and non-autotrophic organisms are striking, suggesting the existence of common principles in signalling mechanisms or similarities in their evolution. Here, we provide a survey for the newcomers to this field of research and discuss the importance of retrograde signalling in the context of eukaryotic evolution. Furthermore, we discuss commonalities and differences in retrograde signalling mechanisms and propose retrograde signalling as a general signalling mechanism in eukaryotic cells that will be also of interest for the specialist. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew J Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Colmenero-Flores JM, Franco-Navarro JD, Cubero-Font P, Peinado-Torrubia P, Rosales MA. Chloride as a Beneficial Macronutrient in Higher Plants: New Roles and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4686. [PMID: 31546641 PMCID: PMC6801462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) has traditionally been considered a micronutrient largely excluded by plants due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature, its antagonism with nitrate (NO3-), and its toxicity when accumulated at high concentrations. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in this regard since Cl- has gone from being considered a harmful ion, accidentally absorbed through NO3- transporters, to being considered a beneficial macronutrient whose transport is finely regulated by plants. As a beneficial macronutrient, Cl- determines increased fresh and dry biomass, greater leaf expansion, increased elongation of leaf and root cells, improved water relations, higher mesophyll diffusion to CO2, and better water- and nitrogen-use efficiency. While optimal growth of plants requires the synchronic supply of both Cl- and NO3- molecules, the NO3-/Cl- plant selectivity varies between species and varieties, and in the same plant it can be modified by environmental cues such as water deficit or salinity. Recently, new genes encoding transporters mediating Cl- influx (ZmNPF6.4 and ZmNPF6.6), Cl- efflux (AtSLAH3 and AtSLAH1), and Cl- compartmentalization (AtDTX33, AtDTX35, AtALMT4, and GsCLC2) have been identified and characterized. These transporters have proven to be highly relevant for nutrition, long-distance transport and compartmentalization of Cl-, as well as for cell turgor regulation and stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Biochimie et physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Ishikawa H, Yasuzawa M, Koike N, Sanjaya A, Moriyama S, Nishizawa A, Matsuoka K, Sasaki S, Kazama Y, Hayashi Y, Abe T, Fujiwara MT, Itoh RD. Arabidopsis PARC6 Is Critical for Plastid Morphogenesis in Pavement, Trichome, and Guard Cells in Leaf Epidermis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1665. [PMID: 32010156 PMCID: PMC6974557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a recessive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with abundant stromules in leaf epidermal pavement cells was visually screened and isolated. The gene responsible for this mutant phenotype was identified as PARC6, a chloroplast division site regulator gene. The mutant allele parc6-5 carried two point mutations (G62R and W700stop) at the N- and C-terminal ends of the coding sequence, respectively. Here, we further characterized parc6-5 and other parc6 mutant alleles, and showed that PARC6 plays a critical role in plastid morphogenesis in all cell types of the leaf epidermis: pavement cells, trichome cells, and guard cells. Transient expression of PARC6 transit peptide (TP) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in plant cells showed that the G62R mutation has no or little effect on the TP activity of the PARC6 N-terminal region. Then, plastid morphology was microscopically analyzed in the leaf epidermis of wild-type (WT) and parc6 mutants (parc6-1, parc6-3, parc6-4 and parc6-5) with the aid of stroma-targeted fluorescent proteins. In parc6 pavement cells, plastids often assumed aberrant grape-like morphology, similar to those in severe plastid division mutants, atminE1, and arc6. In parc6 trichome cells, plastids exhibited extreme grape-like aggregations, without the production of giant plastids (>6 µm diameter), as a general phenotype. In parc6 guard cells, plastids exhibited a variety of abnormal phenotypes, including reduced number, enlarged size, and activated stromules, similar to those in atminE1 and arc6 guard cells. Nevertheless, unlike atminE1 and arc6, parc6 exhibited a low number of mini-chloroplasts (< 2 µm diameter) and rarely produced chloroplast-deficient guard cells. Importantly, unlike parc6, the chloroplast division site mutant arc11 exhibited WT-like plastid phenotypes in trichome and guard cells. Finally, observation of parc6 complementation lines expressing a functional PARC6-GFP protein indicated that PARC6-GFP formed a ring-like structure in both constricting and non-constricting chloroplasts, and that PARC6 dynamically changes its configuration during the process of chloroplast division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Yasuzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Koike
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alvin Sanjaya
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Moriyama
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nishizawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsuoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kazama
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Yoriko Hayashi
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D. Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryuuichi D. Itoh,
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8
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Preisner H, Habicht J, Garg SG, Gould SB. Intermediate filament protein evolution and protists. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:231-243. [PMID: 29573204 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metazoans evolved from a single protist lineage. While all eukaryotes share a conserved actin and tubulin-based cytoskeleton, it is commonly perceived that intermediate filaments (IFs), including lamin, vimentin or keratin among many others, are restricted to metazoans. Actin and tubulin proteins are conserved enough to be detectable across all eukaryotic genomes using standard phylogenetic methods, but IF proteins, in contrast, are notoriously difficult to identify by such means. Since the 1950s, dozens of cytoskeletal proteins in protists have been identified that seemingly do not belong to any of the IF families described for metazoans, yet, from a structural and functional perspective fit criteria that define metazoan IF proteins. Here, we briefly review IF protein discovery in metazoans and the implications this had for the definition of this protein family. We argue that the many cytoskeletal and filament-forming proteins of protists should be incorporated into a more comprehensive picture of IF evolution by aligning it with the recent identification of lamins across the phylogenetic diversity of eukaryotic supergroups. This then brings forth the question of how the diversity of IF proteins has unfolded. The evolution of IF proteins likely represents an example of convergent evolution, which, in combination with the speed with which these cytoskeletal proteins are evolving, generated their current diversity. IF proteins did not first emerge in metazoa, but in protists. Only the emergence of cytosolic IF proteins that appear to stem from a nuclear lamin is unique to animals and coincided with the emergence of true animal multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Preisner
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn Habicht
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sriram G Garg
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven B Gould
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fujiwara MT, Yasuzawa M, Kojo KH, Niwa Y, Abe T, Yoshida S, Nakano T, Itoh RD. The Arabidopsis arc5 and arc6 mutations differentially affect plastid morphology in pavement and guard cells in the leaf epidermis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192380. [PMID: 29466386 PMCID: PMC5821325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts, or photosynthetic plastids, multiply by binary fission, forming a homogeneous population in plant cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the division apparatus (or division ring) of mesophyll chloroplasts includes an inner envelope transmembrane protein ARC6, a cytoplasmic dynamin-related protein ARC5 (DRP5B), and members of the FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 families of proteins, which co-assemble in the stromal mid-plastid division ring (FtsZ ring). FtsZ ring placement is controlled by several proteins, including a stromal factor MinE (AtMinE1). During leaf mesophyll development, ARC6 and AtMinE1 are necessary for FtsZ ring formation and thus plastid division initiation, while ARC5 is essential for a later stage of plastid division. Here, we examined plastid morphology in leaf epidermal pavement cells (PCs) and stomatal guard cells (GCs) in the arc5 and arc6 mutants using stroma-targeted fluorescent proteins. The arc5 PC plastids were generally a bit larger than those of the wild type, but most had normal shapes and were division-competent, unlike mutant mesophyll chloroplasts. The arc6 PC plastids were heterogeneous in size and shape, including the formation of giant and mini-plastids, plastids with highly developed stromules, and grape-like plastid clusters, which varied on a cell-by-cell basis. Moreover, unique plastid phenotypes for stomatal GCs were observed in both mutants. The arc5 GCs rarely lacked chlorophyll-bearing plastids (chloroplasts), while they accumulated minute chlorophyll-less plastids, whereas most GCs developed wild type-like chloroplasts. The arc6 GCs produced large chloroplasts and/or chlorophyll-less plastids, as previously observed, but unexpectedly, their chloroplasts/plastids exhibited marked morphological variations. We quantitatively analyzed plastid morphology and partitioning in paired GCs from wild-type, arc5, arc6, and atminE1 plants. Collectively, our results support the notion that ARC5 is dispensable in the process of equal division of epidermal plastids, and indicate that dysfunctions in ARC5 and ARC6 differentially affect plastid replication among mesophyll cells, PCs, and GCs within a single leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mana Yasuzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei H. Kojo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niwa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D. Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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de Vries J, Gould SB. The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.203414. [PMID: 28893840 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastids in plants and algae evolved from the endosymbiotic integration of a cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic eukaryote. New plastids can only emerge through fission; thus, the synchronization of bacterial division with the cell cycle of the eukaryotic host was vital to the origin of phototrophic eukaryotes. Most of the sampled algae house a single plastid per cell and basal-branching relatives of polyplastidic lineages are all monoplastidic, as are some non-vascular plants during certain stages of their life cycle. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular components necessary for plastid division, including those of the peptidoglycan wall (of which remnants were recently identified in moss), in a wide range of phototrophic eukaryotes. Our comparison of the phenotype of 131 species harbouring plastids of either primary or secondary origin uncovers that one prerequisite for an algae or plant to house multiple plastids per nucleus appears to be the loss of the bacterial genes minD and minE from the plastid genome. The presence of a single plastid whose division is coupled to host cytokinesis was a prerequisite of plastid emergence. An escape from such a monoplastidic bottleneck succeeded rarely and appears to be coupled to the evolution of additional layers of control over plastid division and a complex morphology. The existence of a quality control checkpoint of plastid transmission remains to be demonstrated and is tied to understanding the monoplastidic bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Sven B Gould
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xiong D, Huang J, Peng S, Li Y. A few enlarged chloroplasts are less efficient in photosynthesis than a large population of small chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5782. [PMID: 28720786 PMCID: PMC5515944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic, biochemical, and anatomical traits of accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated to study the effects of chloroplast size and number on photosynthesis. Chloroplasts were found to be significantly larger, and the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces (S c) significantly lower in the mutants than in their wild-types. The decreased S c and increase cytoplasm thickness in the mutants resulted in a lower mesophyll conductance (g m) and a consequently lower chloroplast CO2 concentration (C c). There were no significant differences between the mutants and their wild-types in maximal carboxylation rate (V cmax), maximal electron transport (J cmax), and leaf soluble proteins. Leaf nitrogen (N) and Rubisco content were similar in both Wassilewskija (Ws) wild-type (Ws-WT) and the Ws mutant (arc 8), whereas they were slightly higher in Columbia (Col) wild-type (Col-WT) than the Col mutant (arc 12). The photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were significantly lower in the mutants than their wild-types. The mutants showed similar A/C c responses as their wild-type counterparts, but A at given C c was higher in Col and its mutant than in Ws and its mutant. From these results, we conclude that decreases in g m and C c are crucial to the reduction in A in arc mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07121, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Fujiwara MT, Yasuzawa M, Sasaki S, Nakano T, Niwa Y, Yoshida S, Abe T, Itoh RD. The Arabidopsis minD mutation causes aberrant FtsZ1 ring placement and moderate heterogeneity of chloroplasts in the leaf epidermis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017. [PMID: 28644708 PMCID: PMC5586359 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1343776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric division of leaf mesophyll chloroplasts requires MinD and MinE, which work together to suppress division other than at the mid-chloroplast. arc11 is a MinD loss-of-function mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. In arc11 plants, asymmetric chloroplast division, as well as its delay or arrest, results in extreme size polymorphism of chloroplasts in mature mesophyll cells. The current study examined chloroplast phenotypes in the epidermis of arc11 leaves. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that epidermal chloroplasts in mature leaves exhibited moderate heterogeneity in size. This probably resulted from completion of many of the previous non-equatorial or multiple division events in expanding leaves. Additionally, analyses of plastids found that epidermal chloroplasts in arc11 mutants showed several phenotypes that have not previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
- CONTACT Makoto T. Fujiwara Department of Biology, Sophia University, 7–1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Mana Yasuzawa
- Department of Biology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Biology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niwa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center and Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D. Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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13
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Primavesi LF, Wu H, Mudd EA, Day A, Jones HD. Visualisation of plastid degradation in sperm cells of wheat pollen. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:229-237. [PMID: 26795342 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Like most angiosperms, wheat (Triticum aestivum) shows maternal inheritance of plastids. It is thought that this takes place by cytoplasmic stripping at fertilisation rather than the absence of plastids in sperm cells. To determine the fate of plastids during sperm cell development, plastid-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to visualise these organelles in nuclear transgenic wheat lines. Fewer than thirty small 1-2-μm plastids were visible in early uninucleate pollen cells. These dramatically increased to several hundred larger (4 μm) plastids during pollen maturation and went through distinct morphological changes. Only small plastids were visible in generative cells (n = 25) and young sperm cells (n = 9). In mature sperm cells, these green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged plastids were absent. This is consistent with maternal inheritance of plastids resulting from their degradation in mature sperm cells in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huixia Wu
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Mudd
- Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anil Day
- Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Huw D Jones
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
- IBERS, University of Aberystwyth, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK.
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14
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Abstract
Plastid division is fundamental to the biology of plant cells. Division by binary fission entails the coordinated assembly and constriction of four concentric rings, two internal and two external to the organelle. The internal FtsZ ring and external dynamin-like ARC5/DRP5B ring are connected across the two envelopes by the membrane proteins ARC6, PARC6, PDV1, and PDV2. Assembly-stimulated GTPase activity drives constriction of the FtsZ and ARC5/DRP5B rings, which together with the plastid-dividing rings pull and squeeze the envelope membranes until the two daughter plastids are formed, with the final separation requiring additional proteins. The positioning of the division machinery is controlled by the chloroplast Min system, which confines FtsZ-ring formation to the plastid midpoint. The dynamic morphology of plastids, especially nongreen plastids, is also considered here, particularly in relation to the production of stromules and plastid-derived vesicles and their possible roles in cellular communication and plastid functionality.
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15
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Wang P, Zhang J, Su J, Wang P, Liu J, Liu B, Feng D, Wang J, Wang H. The chloroplast min system functions differentially in two specific nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71190. [PMID: 23936263 PMCID: PMC3728212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nongreen plastids, such as etioplasts, chromoplasts, etc., as well as chloroplasts, are all derived from proplastids in the meristem. To date, the Min system members in plants have been identified as regulators of FtsZ-ring placement, which are essential for the symmetrical division of chloroplasts. However, the regulation of FtsZ-ring placement in nongreen plastids is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the division site placement of nongreen plastids by examining the etioplasts as representative in Arabidopsis Min system mutants. Surprisingly, the shape and number of etioplasts in cotyledons of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 mutants were similar to that observed in wild-type plants, whereas arc12 and parc6 mutants exhibited enlarged etioplasts that were reduced in number. In order to examine nongreen plastids in true leaves, we silenced the ALB3 gene in these Min system mutant backgrounds to produce immature chloroplasts without the thylakoidal network using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS). Interestingly, consistent with our observations in etioplasts, enlarged and fewer nongreen plastids were only detected in leaves of parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants. Further, the FtsZ-ring assembled properly at the midpoint in nongreen plastids of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, but organized into multiple rings in parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and presented fragmented filaments in arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, suggesting that division site placement in nongreen plastids requires fewer components of the plant Min system. Taken together, these results suggest that division site placement in nongreen plastids is different from that in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongru Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Motta MCM, Martins ACDA, de Souza SS, Catta-Preta CMC, Silva R, Klein CC, de Almeida LGP, de Lima Cunha O, Ciapina LP, Brocchi M, Colabardini AC, de Araujo Lima B, Machado CR, de Almeida Soares CM, Probst CM, de Menezes CBA, Thompson CE, Bartholomeu DC, Gradia DF, Pavoni DP, Grisard EC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Marchini FK, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, Wagner G, Goldman GH, Fietto JLR, Elias MC, Goldman MHS, Sagot MF, Pereira M, Stoco PH, de Mendonça-Neto RP, Teixeira SMR, Maciel TEF, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Ürményi TP, de Souza W, Schenkman S, de Vasconcelos ATR. Predicting the proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and their respective endosymbionts reveals new aspects of the trypanosomatidae family. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60209. [PMID: 23560078 PMCID: PMC3616161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. In an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively. Identification of each ORF was based primarily on TriTrypDB using tblastn, and each ORF was confirmed by employing getorf from EMBOSS and Newbler 2.6 when necessary. The monoxenic organisms revealed conserved housekeeping functions when compared to other trypanosomatids, especially compared with Leishmania major. However, major differences were found in ORFs corresponding to the cytoskeleton, the kinetoplast, and the paraflagellar structure. The monoxenic organisms also contain a large number of genes for cytosolic calpain-like and surface gp63 metalloproteases and a reduced number of compartmentalized cysteine proteases in comparison to other TriTryp organisms, reflecting adaptations to the presence of the symbiont. The assembled bacterial endosymbiont sequences exhibit a high A+T content with a total of 787 and 769 ORFs for the Angomonas deanei and Strigomonas culicis endosymbionts, respectively, and indicate that these organisms hold a common ancestor related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Importantly, both symbionts contain enzymes that complement essential host cell biosynthetic pathways, such as those for amino acid, lipid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. These findings increase our understanding of the intricate symbiotic relationship between the bacterium and the trypanosomatid host and provide clues to better understand eukaryotic cell evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Machado Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Cezar de Azevedo Martins
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sant’Anna de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Silva
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Coimbra Klein
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- BAMBOO Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Oberdan de Lima Cunha
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Prioli Ciapina
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Araujo Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Christian Macagnan Probst
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Claudia Beatriz Afonso de Menezes
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Parada Pavoni
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edmundo C. Grisard
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Flávia Rodrigues-Luiz
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-France Sagot
- BAMBOO Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patrícia H. Stoco
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rondon Pessoa de Mendonça-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talles Eduardo Ferreira Maciel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Turán P. Ürményi
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ATRdV); (SS)
| | - Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ATRdV); (SS)
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17
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Pyke KA. Divide and shape: an endosymbiont in action. PLANTA 2013; 237:381-7. [PMID: 22910876 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic evolution of the plastid within the host cell required development of a mechanism for efficient division of the plastid. Whilst a model for the mechanism of chloroplast division has been constructed, little is known of how other types of plastids divide, especially the proplastid, the progenitor of all plastid types in the cell. It has become clear that plastid shape is highly heterogeneous and dynamic, especially stromules. This article considers how such variation in morphology might be controlled and how such plastids might divide efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Pyke
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK.
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18
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TerBush AD, Osteryoung KW. Distinct functions of chloroplast FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 in Z-ring structure and remodeling. J Cell Biol 2012; 199:623-37. [PMID: 23128242 PMCID: PMC3494859 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FtsZ, a cytoskeletal GTPase, forms a contractile ring for cell division in bacteria and chloroplast division in plants. Whereas bacterial Z rings are composed of a single FtsZ, those in chloroplasts contain two distinct FtsZ proteins, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, whose functional relationship is poorly understood. We expressed fluorescently tagged FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 in fission yeast to investigate their intrinsic assembly and dynamic properties. FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 formed filaments with differing morphologies when expressed separately. FRAP showed that FtsZ2 filaments were less dynamic than FtsZ1 filaments and that GTPase activity was essential for FtsZ2 filament turnover but may not be solely responsible for FtsZ1 turnover. When coexpressed, the proteins colocalized, consistent with coassembly, but exhibited an FtsZ2-like morphology. However, FtsZ1 increased FtsZ2 exchange into coassembled filaments. Our findings suggest that FtsZ2 is the primary determinant of chloroplast Z-ring structure, whereas FtsZ1 facilitates Z-ring remodeling. We also demonstrate that ARC3, a regulator of chloroplast Z-ring positioning, functions as an FtsZ1 assembly inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan D. TerBush
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Katherine W. Osteryoung
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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19
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Structure, regulation, and evolution of the plastid division machinery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 291:115-53. [PMID: 22017975 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386035-4.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastids have evolved from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont, and their continuity is maintained by the plastid division and segregation which is regulated by the eukaryotic host cell. Plastids divide by constriction of the inner- and outer-envelope membranes. Recent studies revealed that this constriction is performed by a large protein and glucan complex at the division site that spans the two envelope membranes. The division complex has retained certain components of the cyanobacterial division complex along with components developed by the host cell. Based on the information on the division complex at the molecular level, we are beginning to understand how the division complex has evolved and how it is assembled, constricted, and regulated in the host cell. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the plastid division machinery and some of the questions that will be addressed in the near future.
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20
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Miyagishima SY. Mechanism of plastid division: from a bacterium to an organelle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1533-44. [PMID: 21311032 PMCID: PMC3091088 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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