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Bacon CD, Hill A. Hybridization in palms (Arecaceae). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70014. [PMID: 39011137 PMCID: PMC11246834 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybridization has significant evolutionary consequences across the Tree of Life. The process of hybridization has played a major role in plant evolution and has contributed to species richness and trait variation. Since morphological traits are partially a product of their environment, there may be a link between hybridization and ecology. Plant hybrid species richness is noted to be higher in harsh environments, and we explore this hypothesis with a keystone tropical plant lineage, palms (Arecaceae). Leveraging a recent literature review of naturally occurring palm hybrids, we developed a method to calculate hybrid frequency, and then tested if there is phylogenetic signal of hybrids using a phylogeny of all palms. Further, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the interaction between hybrid frequency and presence in dry environments, on islands, and the species richness of genera. Phylogenetic generalized least squares models had stronger support than models of random association, indicating phylogenetic signal for the presence of hybrids in dry and island environments. However, all p-values were >.05 and therefore the correlation was poor between hybridization and the trait frequencies examined. Presence in particular environments are not strongly correlated to hybrid frequency, but phylogenetic signal suggests a role in its distribution in different habitats. Hybridization in palms is not evenly distributed across subfamilies, tribes, subtribes yet plays an important role in palm diversity, nonetheless. Increasing our understanding hybridization in this economically and culturally important plant family is essential, particularly since rates are projected to increase with climate change, reconfiguring the dynamics and distribution of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Adrian Hill
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
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Roxo G, Moura M, Talhinhas P, Costa JC, Silva L, Vasconcelos R, de Sequeira MM, Romeiras MM. Diversity and Cytogenomic Characterization of Wild Carrots in the Macaronesian Islands. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091954. [PMID: 34579486 PMCID: PMC8473144 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Macaronesian islands constitute an enormous reservoir of genetic variation of wild carrots (subtribe Daucinae; Apiaceae), including 10 endemic species, but an accurate understanding of the diversification processes within these islands is still lacking. We conducted a review of the morphology, ecology, and conservation status of the Daucinae species and, on the basis of a comprehensive dataset, we estimated the genome size variation for 16 taxa (around 320 samples) occurring in different habitats across the Macaronesian islands in comparison to mainland specimens. Results showed that taxa with larger genomes (e.g., Daucus crinitus: 2.544 pg) were generally found in mainland regions, while the insular endemic taxa from Azores and Cabo Verde have smaller genomes. Melanoselinum decipiens and Monizia edulis, both endemic to Madeira Island, showed intermediate values. Positive correlations were found between mean genome size and some morphological traits (e.g., spiny or winged fruits) and also with habit (herbaceous or woody). Despite the great morphological variation found within the Cabo Verde endemic species, the 2C-values obtained were quite homogeneous between these taxa and the subspecies of Daucus carota, supporting the close relationship among these taxa. Overall, this study improved the global knowledge of DNA content for Macaronesian endemics and shed light into the mechanisms underpinning diversity patterns of wild carrots in the western Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Roxo
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Moura
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
| | - José Carlos Costa
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luís Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
- Madeira Botanical Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Pellicer J, López-Pujol J, Aixarch M, Garnatje T, Vallès J, Hidalgo O. Detecting Introgressed Populations in the Iberian Endemic Centaurea podospermifolia through Genome Size. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081492. [PMID: 34451537 PMCID: PMC8401423 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Based on results from previous studies, populations of the Iberian endemic Centaurea podospermifolia north of the Ebro River are considered genetically pure, while those southward are introgressed, with genetic input from C. cephalariifolia. This phenomenon is particularly relevant, especially given both the endangered and protected status for the species, which can have consequences in how to best apply conservation strategies to maintain genetic resources in the species. The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether genome size assessments using flow cytometry can help distinguishing between pure, hybrid and introgressed populations, and hence become a powerful and cost-effective tool to complement comprehensive population genetic surveys. The results indicate that there are significant genome size differences between populations of C. podospermifolia, which are coincident with previous considerations of pure and introgressed populations. Given the simplicity and reproducibility of this technique, flow cytometry could become an effective tool for monitoring pure populations of this species and, indeed, become an integral part of the management plans that are mandatory for listed taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pellicer
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.-P.); (T.G.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.-P.); (T.G.)
| | - Marc Aixarch
- c/Mossèn Manyà 15, Catalonia, 43500 Tortosa, Spain;
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.-P.); (T.G.)
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica, Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de la Biodiversitat IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.-P.); (T.G.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
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Karimi-Ashtiyani R. Centromere Engineering as an Emerging Tool for Haploid Plant Production: Advances and Challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2289:3-22. [PMID: 34270060 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1331-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Haploid production is of great importance in plant breeding programs. Doubled haploid technology accelerates the generation of inbred lines with homozygosity in all loci in a single year. Haploids can be induced in vitro via cultivating the haploid gametes or in vivo through inter- and intraspecific hybridization. Haploid induction through centromere engineering is a novel system that is theoretically applicable to many plant species. The present review chapter discusses the proposed molecular mechanisms of selective chromosome elimination in early embryogenesis and the effects of kinetochore component modifications on proper chromosome segregation. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the CENH3-mediated haploidization approach and its applications are highlighted.
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Xuan Y, Wu Y, Li P, Liu R, Luo Y, Yuan J, Xiang Z, He N. Molecular phylogeny of mulberries reconstructed from ITS and two cpDNA sequences. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8158. [PMID: 31844573 PMCID: PMC6911693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Species in the genus Morus (Moraceae) are deciduous woody plants of great economic importance. The classification and phylogenetic relationships of Morus, especially the abundant mulberry resources in China, is still undetermined. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are among the most widely used molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms. However, according to the previous phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences, most of the mulberry accessions collected in China were grouped into the largest clade lacking for phylogenetic resolution. Compared with functional ITS sequences, ITS pseudogenes show higher sequence diversity, so they can provide useful phylogenetic information. Methods We sequenced the ITS regions and the chloroplast DNA regions TrnL-TrnF and TrnT-TrnL from 33 mulberry accessions, and performed phylogenetic analyses to explore the evolution of mulberry. Results We found ITS pseudogenes in 11 mulberry accessions. In the phylogenetic tree constructed from ITS sequences, clade B was separated into short-type sequence clades (clades 1 and 2), and a long-type sequence clade (clade 3). Pseudogene sequences were separately clustered into two pseudogroups, designated as pseudogroup 1 and pseudogroup 2. The phylogenetic tree generated from cpDNA sequences also separated clade B into two clades. Conclusions Two species were separated in clade B. The existence of three connection patterns and incongruent distribution patterns between the phylogenetic trees generated from cpDNA and ITS sequences suggested that the ITS pseudogene sequences connect with genetic information from the female progenitor. Hybridization has played important roles in the evolution of mulberry, resulting in low resolution of the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. An evolutionary pattern illustrating the evolution history of mulberry is proposed. These findings have significance for the conservation of local mulberry resources. Polyploidy, hybridization, and concerted evolution have all played the roles in the evolution of ITS sequences in mulberry. This study will expand our understanding of mulberry evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Michalska K, Malarz J, Paul W, Stojakowska A. Natural products from Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Land bridges in the Pleistocene contributed to flora assembly on the continental islands of South China: Insights from the evolutionary history of Quercus championii. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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White OW, Reyes-Betancort A, Chapman MA, Carine MA. Independent homoploid hybrid speciation events in the Macaronesian endemic genus Argyranthemum. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4856-4874. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. White
- Algae, Fungi and Plants Division; Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London UK
- Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | | | - Mark A. Chapman
- Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - Mark A. Carine
- Algae, Fungi and Plants Division; Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London UK
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