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De Vito AN, Emrani S, Hallowell E, Goldstein A, Davis JD, Margolis SA. Medication management error types: Associations with mild cognitive impairment subtype. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38588668 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2339560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Medication management errors are suspected to be prevalent among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined types of simulated medication-taking errors in cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 131), single domain amnestic MCI (sdMCI, n = 91), and multi-domain MCI (mdMCI, n = 44). Errors were measured using the medication management ability assessment (MMAA). Methods: 266 participants seen for neuropsychological evaluation (94.4% White, 57.9% female, average age = 72, average education = 14 years) completed the MMAA (version 4.1), a performance-based task of medication management. Group differences in MMAA total scores, accuracy, and error types were evaluated using Kruskall-Wallis H tests. This study was the first to explore a newly operationalized error, perseverations, caused by taking a specific dose ≥2 times during the simulation. Results: CN and sdMCI groups had higher MMAA total scores than individuals with mdMCI, indicating better overall performance. The mdMCI group made a higher number of omission errors (missed pills) than other groups, but no differences were found for commission errors (extra pills). The sdMCI group made more perseverative errors compared to the CN group. Conclusions: Individuals with mdMCI made more simulated medication management errors than CN and sdMCI groups, indicating that they may be most vulnerable to difficulties in medication management. In contrast, sdMCI individuals were more likely to make perseverative errors, which may reflect a tendency towards overcompensation of memory loss. Future studies should assess whether MMAA performance is associated with patterns of real-world medication-taking in more diverse samples of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N De Vito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sheina Emrani
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Hallowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Science and Services, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Allyson Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer D Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Seth A Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Sumbul-Sekerci B, Hanagasi HA, Bilgic B, Tufekcioglu Z, Gurvit H, Emre M. Medication management and treatment adherence in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neurol Belg 2022:10.1007/s13760-022-01916-1. [PMID: 35325434 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The key feature that distinguishes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from dementia is the absence of significant functional decline because of cognitive impairment. In Parkinson's disease patients (PD) with MCI (PD-MCI), the effect of cognitive impairment on complex instrumental daily activities, such as medication management, is not well established. METHOD 26 patients with PD-MCI (diagnosed to Level 2 Movement Disorders Society diagnostic criteria) and 32 idiopathic PD patients without cognitive impairment participated in the study. A detailed neuropsychological testing battery (including tests for attention and working memory, executive functions, language, visuospatial functions, episodic memory) and various prospective memory tasks were applied to the patients. Medication taking behaviors were evaluated using two different methods based on the performance (medication management ability assessment) and self-reporting (adherence scale). RESULTS The PD-MCI group obtained significantly lower scores in medication management assessment and made more mistakes on following prescription instructions (e.g., they took more or less tablets and did not use medications as instructed with regard to meal times). Cognitive areas predicting success in medication management performance were language, event-based prospective memory and visuospatial functions. There was no significant difference between the two groups' self-reporting of adherence. CONCLUSION Mild cognitive impairment in patients with PD adversely affects medication management. Diagnosing MCI in PD is important to ensure that the appropriate measures can be taken to provide support and improve the medication management process. Adherence assessments based on self-reporting may not provide reliable and sensitive information in patients with PD-MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Sumbul-Sekerci
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hasmet A Hanagasi
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tufekcioglu
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Emre
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Henry JD. Prospective memory impairment in neurological disorders: implications and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:297-307. [PMID: 33686303 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory is a core neurocognitive ability that refers to memory for future intentions, such as remembering to take medications and to switch off appliances. Any breakdown in prospective memory, therefore, has serious implications for the ability to function independently in everyday life. In many neurological disorders, including Parkinson disease and dementia, prospective memory deficits are common even in the earliest stages and typically become more severe with disease progression. Consequently, clinical assessment of prospective memory is of critical importance. This article provides an overview of the various manifestations and neural bases of prospective memory deficits. To facilitate clinical decision-making, validated measures of this construct are identified and their suitability for clinical practice is discussed, focusing in particular on clinical sensitivity and psychometric properties. The article concludes by reviewing the approaches that can be used to rehabilitate different types of prospective memory impairment, and algorithms to guide the evaluation and treatment of these impairments are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Sumida CA, Lopez FV, Van Etten EJ, Whiteley N, Moore RC, Litvan I, Lessig S, Gilbert PE, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Filoteo JV, Schiehser DM. Medication Management Performance in Parkinson’s Disease: Examination of Process Errors. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:1307-1315. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at risk for increased medication mismanagement, which can lead to worse clinical outcomes. However, the nature of the errors (i.e., undertaking or overtaking medications) contributing to mismanagement and their relationship to cognition in PD is unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine errors committed on the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) between PD participants with normal cognition (PD-NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) relative to healthy adults (HA).
Method
HA (n = 74), PD-NC (n = 102), and PD-MCI (n = 45) participants were administered the MMAA to assess undertaking, overtaking, and overall errors as well as overall performance (total score). Additionally, participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery from which cognitive composites of Attention, Learning, Memory, Language, Visuospatial, and Executive Functioning were derived.
Results
Separate negative binomial regression analyses indicated the PD-MCI group performed significantly worse overall on the MMAA (total score) and committed more undertaking and overall errors relative to HA and PD-NC. In the PD-MCI group, poorer MMAA performance was associated with worse delayed memory performance, whereas cognitive performance was not related to MMAA in HA or PC-NC.
Conclusion
Compared to PD and healthy adults with normal cognition, PD-MCI patients exhibited greater difficulty with medication management, particularly with undertaking medications. Poorer medication management in PD-MCI was associated with worse delayed recall. Thus, PD-MCI patients experiencing memory problems may require additional assistance with their medications. Findings have clinical relevance suggesting that objective measures of medication errors may assist clinicians in identifying PD patients needing adherence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Sumida
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA
| | - Francesca V Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Nicole Whiteley
- Research Service, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Lessig
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Paul E Gilbert
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA
| | | | - J Vincent Filoteo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Psychology Service, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Dawn M Schiehser
- Research Service, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Margolis SA, Hallowell ES, Davis JD, Kenney LE, Tremont GN. The Clinical Utility and Ecological Validity of the Medication Management Ability Assessment in Older Adults with and without Dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:37-50. [PMID: 32808040 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older adults are susceptible to medication nonadherence, which may signify functional decline. Thus, performance-based proxies of medication-taking behavior may help diagnose dementia. We assessed the Medication Management Ability Assessment's (MMAA) clinical utility and ecological validity. METHOD This was a retrospective chart review of 180 outpatients (age = 72 ± 8 years) who completed the MMAA during clinical evaluations. Forty-seven were cognitively normal (CN), 103 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 had dementia. Most (136) were independent in medication management, whereas 28 were assisted and 16 were dependent. Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed whether MMAA scores differed by diagnosis and independence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified diagnostic cut-offs. Classification accuracy estimates were derived. RESULTS MMAA performance differed across diagnosis as expected (p's < .001). Those who were independent in medication management outperformed assisted and dependent counterparts (p's < .001). Assisted and dependent cases were no different. At a cut-off = 23, the MMAA was good-to-strong in distinguishing dementia from CN cases (Sn = 0.96, Sp = 0.83), dementia from MCI (Sn = 0.70, Sp = 0.83), and dementia from functionally unimpaired cases (Sn = 0.78, Sp = 0.83). At a cut-off = 27, it had good sensitivity but weaker specificity when distinguishing both MCI and all cognitively impaired patients (MCI and dementia) from CN cases (Sn = 0.81, Sp = 0.66 and Sn = 0.81, Sp = 0.72, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The MMAA has ecological validity and clinical utility in identifying dementia. Its inclusion in neuropsychological practice may be especially useful when medication mismanagement is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily S Hallowell
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer D Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren E Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey N Tremont
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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