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Gorgoni M, Galbiati A. Non-REM sleep electrophysiology in REM sleep behaviour disorder: A narrative mini-review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Distinct roles of right temporoparietal cortex in pentagon copying test. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1528-1537. [PMID: 35083712 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pentagon Copying Test (PCT) is commonly used to assess visuospatial deficits, but the neural substrates underlying pentagon copying are not well understood. The Qualitative Scoring Pentagon Test (QSPT), an optimized scoring system, classifies five categories of errors patients make in pentagons copying and grades them depending on the errors' severity. To determine the strategic brain regions involved in the PCT, we applied the QSPT system to evaluate the visuospatial impairment of 136 acute ischemic stroke patients on the PCT and used Support Vector Regression Lesion-Symptom Mapping to investigate relevant brain regions. The total QSPT score was correlated with the right supramarginal gyrus. The angle number errors and closure errors were principally associated with lesions of the posterior temporoparietal cortex, including the right middle occipital gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, while the intersection errors and rotation errors were related to the more anterior part of the right temporoparietal lobe with the additional frontal cortex. In conclusion, the right temporoparietal cortex is the strategic region for pentagon copying tasks. The angle number and closure represent the visuospatial processing of within-object features, while intersection and rotation require between-object manipulation. The posterior-anterior distinction in the right temporoparietal region underlies the differences of within-object and between-object processing.
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Galbiati A, Carli G, Fasiello E, Casoni F, Zucconi M, De Gennaro L, Perani D, Ferini-Strambi L. Exploring the functional role and neural correlates of K-complexes in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Cortex 2021; 145:105-114. [PMID: 34710676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Underlying neural mechanisms and cognitive implications of non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep in isolated Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) are not yet fully elucidated. This study aims to evaluate brain metabolic connectivity of the anterior default mode network (ADMN) underlying a waveform that is an hallmark of NREM sleep, namely K-complex (KC) and their implication for neuropsychological functioning in iRBD patients. Combining polysomnographic and multivariate molecular imaging (FDG-PET) approaches may provide crucial insights regarding KCs role in the prodromal stages of synucleinopathies. We applied a seed-based interregional correlation analysis on FDG-PET data. iRBD patients with cognitive decline displayed a reduced KC density (KCd) in comparison to patients without cognitive impairments. KCd showed a significant positive correlation with global cognitive functioning, specifically with visuo-spatial and executive performances, two cognitive domains known to be relevant in predicting conversion into neurodegenerative disorders. Increased KCd was associated with a more preserved ADMN connectivity. Our study underlines the importance of NREM sleep in prodromal stages of synucleinopathies, and future investigations might clarify its role in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Carli
- "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; In vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fasiello
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Casoni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Zucconi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; In vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
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