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Sullivan DA, da Costa AX, Del Duca E, Doll T, Grupcheva CN, Lazreg S, Liu SH, McGee SR, Murthy R, Narang P, Ng A, Nistico S, O'Dell L, Roos J, Shen J, Markoulli M. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:77-130. [PMID: 37061220 PMCID: PMC11246752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In this report the use of eye cosmetic products and procedures and how this represents a lifestyle challenge that may exacerbate or promote the development of ocular surface and adnexal disease is discussed. Multiple aspects of eye cosmetics are addressed, including their history and market value, psychological and social impacts, possible problems associated with cosmetic ingredients, products, and procedures, and regulations for eye cosmetic use. In addition, a systematic review that critically appraises randomized controlled trial evidence concerning the ocular effects of eyelash growth products is included. The findings of this systematic review highlight the evidence gaps and indicate future directions for research to focus on ocular surface outcomes associated with eyelash growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester Del Duca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sihem Lazreg
- Lazreg Cornea and Ocular Surface Center, Blida, Algeria
| | - Su-Hsun Liu
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alison Ng
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Steven Nistico
- Department of Dermatology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Joanne Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Ozimek P, Lainas S, Bierhoff HW, Rohmann E. How photo editing in social media shapes self-perceived attractiveness and self-esteem via self-objectification and physical appearance comparisons. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37024985 PMCID: PMC10080933 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As photo editing behavior to enhance one?s appearance in photos becomes more and more prevalent on social network sites (SNSs), potential risks are increasingly discussed as well. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between photo editing behavior, self-objectification, physical appearance comparisons, self-perceived attractiveness, and self-esteem. METHODS 403 participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring the aformentioned constructs. A parallel-sequential multiple mediation model was conducted to examine the relationship between photo editing behavior and self-esteem considering multiple mediators. RESULTS The results indicate that photo editing behavior is negatively related to self-perceived attractiveness and self-esteem mediated via self-objectification and physical appearance comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The postulated mediation model was justified by our data. Thus, SNS users should be aware of potential negative consequences when using photo editing applications or filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Ozimek
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Semina Lainas
- Department of Social Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Elke Rohmann
- Department of Social Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Martinez MJ, Dixit D, White MW, Rieder EA. Motivations for Seeking Cosmetic Enhancing Procedures of the Face: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:278-282. [PMID: 36716421 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic enhancing procedures continue to grow in demand. Physicians should understand the complex factors that drive patient motivation for seeking such procedures. OBJECTIVE In contrast to a lens of psychopathology, this review reveals the driving power of everyday intrapersonal, social, and behavioral factors that motivate interest in elective facial cosmetic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and included studies with at least 50 adult patients seeking facial cosmetic enhancements between January 1, 2000, and July 1, 2022. RESULTS Among 1,239 identified publications, 21 studies with 9,005 participants were selected for inclusion. The review documents everyday factors as patient motivators for pursuing cosmetic enhancements of the face, with the majority of work focusing on intrapersonal factors (17 of 21 studies), such as preventing aging or negative appearance based self-appraisals. For studies reporting social factors (15 of 21 studies), the most common motivators were the patient's social network and a desire to promote social standing. Behavioral factors revealed that social media and media consumption impact patient motivation for cosmetic enhancements (5 of 21 studies). CONCLUSION In summary, this review demonstrates that patient motivations for facial cosmetic enhancements may be best understood through everyday intrapersonal, social, and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhaval Dixit
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael W White
- Department of Management, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evan A Rieder
- Ronald O Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Hermans AM, Boerman SC, Veldhuis J. Follow, filter, filler? Social media usage and cosmetic procedure intention, acceptance, and normalization among young adults. Body Image 2022; 43:440-449. [PMID: 36345082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, young people spend much of their lives online where they encounter abundant appearance-focused content. In light of the important role that social media platforms like Instagram play in young people's attitudes towards the cosmetic surgery industry, this study investigates passive and active social media usage in relation to young adults' perceptions of cosmetic procedures. In a cross-sectional survey study among 470 Instagram users aged 18-25 years (Mage = 21.00, SDage = 2.26), young adults indicated a low cosmetic procedure intention themselves, but overestimated the prevalence of cosmetic procedures undertaken by others. Considering passive social media use, young adults who follow influencers who had undergone cosmetic procedures reported higher intentions to have cosmetic procedures themselves, and following influencers who had not undergone procedures was related to lower intentions. In terms of active social media usage, frequency of Instagram posting was generally insignificant in relation to acceptance of and intention to undergo cosmetic procedures. Yet, those who used filters to edit pictures more frequently reported increased cosmetic procedure acceptance and intention. Overall, this paper offers a nuanced perspective on the relation between young adults' perceptions of cosmetic procedures and their social media behaviors, highlighting the importance of specific appearance-oriented social media usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mette Hermans
- Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophie C Boerman
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Veldhuis
- Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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McGovern O, Collins R, Dunne S. The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review. Body Image 2022; 43:504-517. [PMID: 36371869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has raised concerns about the growing prevalence of photo-editing behaviour and how this may negatively interact with body-related concerns among females. This review aimed to systematically examine the current evidence relating to the associations between photo-editing behaviour and female body concerns, including body image, body dissatisfaction and body modification. Six databases were searched for studies investigating associations between photo-editing and body concerns in female social media users. Empirical studies published in English were included if they quantitatively measured the association between photo-editing and at least one of the body-related outcomes, and included female participants. A narrative synthesis of the 22 studies meeting these specific criteria was completed. This review revealed mixed findings in relation to the associations between photo-editing and body concerns. The findings indicate there may be a more complex relationship between both concepts that is influenced by alternative factors. The findings also revealed considerable heterogeneity in measurement approaches for both photo-editing behaviour and body-related outcomes. Future research should focus on developing a gold-standard approach to the measurement of various body-related concerns and conducting in-depth analyses in order to further understand the complex relationship between photo-editing and female social media users' body concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McGovern
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Simon Dunne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland.
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Patel R, Tseng CC, Choudhry HS, Lemdani MS, Talmor G, Paskhover B. Applying Machine Learning to Determine Popular Patient Questions About Mentoplasty on Social Media. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2273-2279. [PMID: 35201377 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient satisfaction in esthetic surgery often necessitates synergy between patient and physician goals. The authors aim to characterize patient questions before and after mentoplasty to reflect the patient perspective and enhance the physician-patient relationship. METHODS Mentoplasty reviews were gathered from Realself.com using an automated web crawler. Questions were defined as preoperative or postoperative. Each question was reviewed and characterized by the authors into general categories to best reflect the overall theme of the question. A machine learning approach was utilized to create a list of the most common patient questions, asked both preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 2,012 questions were collected. Of these, 1,708 (84.9%) and 304 (15.1%) preoperative and postoperative questions, respectively. The primary category for patients preoperatively was "eligibility for surgery" (86.3%), followed by "surgical techniques and logistics" (5.4%) and "cost" (5.4%). Of the postoperative questions, the most common questions were about "options to revise surgery" (44.1%), "symptoms after surgery" (27.0%), and "appearance" (26.3%). Our machine learning approach generated the 10 most common pre- and postoperative questions about mentoplasty. The majority of preoperative questions dealt with potential surgical indications, while most postoperative questions principally addressed appearance. CONCLUSIONS The majority of mentoplasty patient questions were preoperative and asked about eligibility of surgery. Our study also found a significant proportion of postoperative questions inquired about revision, suggesting a small but nontrivial subset of patients highly dissatisfied with their results. Our 10 most common preoperative and postoperative question handout can help better inform physicians about the patient perspective on mentoplasty throughout their surgical course. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Christopher C Tseng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hannaan S Choudhry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Mehdi S Lemdani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Guy Talmor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen St., Suite 8100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Parsa KM, Charipova K, Chu E, Reilly MJ. Social Perception of Self-Enhanced Photographs. Facial Plast Surg 2021; 38:279-284. [PMID: 34965604 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of appearance manipulating applications on our smartphones has increased in popularity. As the aim of this study is to determine the impact of self-directed appearance manipulation on perceptions of personality and examine the influence of respondent age and gender on the various personality domains. This cross-sectional cohort study included 20 subjects between the ages of 18 to 34 who had headshots taken and were provided an introduction on the use of the Facetune2 app. After 1 week of engaging in digital appearance manipulation, subjects submitted their self-determined most attractive edited photograph. Four surveys were constructed with 10 sets of photographs each. Each of these surveys were then sent to lay people via a web-based survey tool. Anonymous blinded respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's aggressiveness, likeability, sociability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, authenticity, and masculinity or femininity. A multivariate linear mixed effect model was applied to analyze the overall patient trait data as well as to assess the impact of rater age and gender. A total of 288 respondents (mean age range, 25-34 years [43%]; 202 [70%] female) completed a survey. Overall, digitally enhanced photographs were perceived as more attractive (0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.38). Analysis based on gender of the study subjects revealed increased attractiveness scores for men (0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.33). Females were also perceived as being more attractive (0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.40), but less authentic (-0.24; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.12). Females rated enhanced photographs of men as less masculine (-0.23; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.04). Raters aged 35 to 64 rated altered photos as less attractive (0.31; 95% CI, 0.09-0.52), authentic (0.20; 95% CI, 0.01-0.38), and gender enhancing (0.42; 95% CI, 0.24-0.61) compared with individuals aged 18 to 34. Patients and surgeons should be aware of the ways in which self-enhanced photographs may affect social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon M Parsa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Karina Charipova
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Eugenia Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael J Reilly
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
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The new dilemma of plastic surgery and social media: a systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-021-01891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Chen J, Ishii LE, Liao D, Huynh PP, Darrach H, Kumar AR, Ishii M. Selfies and Surgery: How Photo Editing Impacts Perceptions of Facial Plastic Surgery Capabilities. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 23:393-394. [PMID: 33372838 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonlin Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa E Ishii
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Liao
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Halley Darrach
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anisha R Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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