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Gray T, Boccardi A, Shahwan KT. Simulation-based training in dermatologic surgery: a literature review. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2227-2232. [PMID: 37024689 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Simulation-based training has been shown to increase confidence and improve technical proficiency in surgical trainees. In this review, we describe the methods of simulation-based training currently being utilized in cutaneous surgery education. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for terms related to dermatologic surgery, education, and simulation. Articles published in English from 2013 onward that discussed simulation-based cutaneous surgery training of dermatology, plastic surgery, or otolaryngology resident physicians were included and summarized. Currently utilized simulation modalities in the training of dermatologic surgeons include skin substitutes, cadavers, and technology-based platforms. While each of these modalities have been shown to enhance trainee confidence and/or skill, head-to-head studies comparing their efficacy and usefulness are limited. Dermatologic surgery training, and therefore patient care, may be enhanced by further incorporation of simulation training. However, further studies are needed to clarify the optimal simulation platforms and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Gray
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleia Boccardi
- Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn T Shahwan
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- University of North Dakota Medical School and Altru Health System, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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Abstract
The demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures is rising, and the public and other physicians deem dermatologists as top providers of these services. Given these expectations, dermatologic residency training must equip resident physician trainees to care for the growing population of patients with aesthetic concerns. As stands, formal hands-on cosmetic dermatology training in residency is lacking specific structure. Educational, cultural, time, and monetary barriers exist, among others, which restrict residents from attaining proficiency in cosmetic dermatology procedures prior to graduation. This may adversely impact patient safety and deter graduates from offering aesthetic procedures. The standardization of core residency competencies in minimally invasive cosmetic procedures is fundamental to guarantee patient safety and satisfaction while ensuring practitioner competence. The balance between these elements is essential for optimal patient care. We review and debate for modifying and strengthening the current curriculum requirements while presenting means to overcome barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Kream
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Virginia A Jones
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria M Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Agrawal N, Turner A, Grome L, Abu-Ghname A, Davis MJ, Reece EM, Buchanan EP, Winocour S. Use of Simulation in Plastic Surgery Training. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2896. [PMID: 32802639 PMCID: PMC7413819 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nationwide focus on patient safety and the health of residents has increased the demand for educational tools outside the operating room. Simulation is a valuable tool for assessing and developing surgical skills in a controlled and safe environment. The use of simulation as a formal component of training has been increasing in various surgical subspecialties. In general surgery, simulation examinations such as the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery and Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery have become a prerequisite to board certification. Although formal simulation examinations in plastic surgery are not universal, there has been an increase in the use of simulation to increase resident competency in the operating room. For now, we will review the current state of simulation in craniofacial, hand, microvascular, and esthetic surgery and discuss applications for the future. We will also discuss the evolving role of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and augmented reality in plastic surgery training and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agrawal
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Acara Turner
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Luke Grome
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Amjed Abu-Ghname
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Edward M. Reece
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Edward P. Buchanan
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Sebastian Winocour
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
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O’Neill R, Raj S, Davis MJ, Abu-Ghname A, Reece EM, Winocour J, Buchanan EP, Winocour S. Aesthetic Training in Plastic Surgery Residency. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2895. [PMID: 32802638 PMCID: PMC7413815 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Training in aesthetic surgery is a core element in a plastic surgery residency program. Nevertheless, in the past, many studies have shown the lack of resident confidence in aesthetic procedures upon graduation. In recent years, a number of efforts have been made to address this concern, including increasing the required residency aesthetic case requirements and the integration of resident aesthetic clinics to increase exposure and independence in this aspect of training. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these resident-run clinics and have substantiated their value as an important educational tool in residency training and validated their safety in patient care. In fact, survey studies have shown that though residents today show a markedly increased confidence in their training when compared with the past, they still feel there is room for improvement in areas such as facial and minimally invasive surgeries, along with procedures that require higher patient volume to refine. In this article, we review the current state of aesthetic surgery training during plastic surgery residency and discuss future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca O’Neill
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Sarth Raj
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Amjed Abu-Ghname
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Edward M. Reece
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Julian Winocour
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Edward P. Buchanan
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Sebastian Winocour
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
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