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Winiarska N, Roszkowski B, Paskal W, Majak M, Pietruski P. The Concept of Ideal Lips of Caucasian Female: An Anthropometric Analysis of the Lower Third of the Face. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04299-1. [PMID: 39198279 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for lip-redefining procedures has been rising in recent years, thus creating the need for reliable and detailed reference sources on aesthetic female lips. This study investigates the morphology of the lower third of the face, including the lips and jawline, of attractive young Caucasian females. METHODS A semi-automatic photogrammetric analysis of the faces of professional female photograph models (n=400) of the Caucasian race aged 18-39 was performed. Angular, linear, and surface area parameters were evaluated. A graphical summarization of the average facial shape of all analyzed attractive females was generated as an average body contours (ABC) image. RESULTS The height of the lower third of the face equaled 0.32 ± 0.02 of the total facial height. The average lip width was 48.06 ± 3.34 mm. The upper vermilion height was found to be significantly lower than the lower vermilion height (6.47 ± 1.36 vs. 11.64 ± 1.46 mm, p < 0.01). The lip obliquity angle was found to be 1.05° ± 0.79°. The area surface of the upper lip vermilion was considerably smaller than the vermilion of the lower lip (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the largest studies on attractive Caucasian females' lips and lower face morphology. The data it provides, including the graphical presentation of the aesthetic lower face as an ABC image, may provide physicians with valuable guidelines for lips rejuvenation and reconstruction procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wiktor Paskal
- Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region, St. Jana z Dukli, Jaczewskiego 7 Street, 20-090, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
- Ambroziak Clinic, Warsaw, Poland
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Winiarska N, Stachura A, Roszkowski B, Pietruski P, Włodarski P, Paskal W. Anthropometry and Current Aesthetic Concept of the Lower Third of the Face and Lips in Caucasian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:2353-2364. [PMID: 38467850 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of standardization of the norms and aesthetic concept of the lower third of the face and lips creates challenges in reconstructive surgery and aesthetic procedures. A large-scale, anthropometric measurements summary poses an alternative for establishing universal patterns. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Web of Science using keywords: lip, face, aesthetics, beauty, anthropometry and Caucasian. Seventy records were included in the review and checked in detail in terms of available data. RESULTS The study contains a meta-analysis of twelve parameters with sufficient quantitative data-lip width, nose width, facial width, lower third of the face height, midline mandible height, total height of the upper and lower lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous upper lip height and nasolabial and mentolabial angle. CONCLUSIONS The review provides a detailed database of primary anthropometric studies of lips and perioral regions of the healthy Caucasian population. The attractiveness of the region is focused on uniformity of proportions. Notably, results acquired with different methods of measurement are not interchangeable. Despite many published anthropometric studies, systems for conducting the measurements and reporting the results are not sufficiently unified to quantitatively assess meticulous key aesthetic clinical parameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Winiarska
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Stachura
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Roszkowski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietruski
- Private Practice, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sun W, Xu M, Song T. The Proportional Relationship Among the Aesthetic Units of the Upper Lip: A 3-Dimensional Morphological Analysis of Young Adults. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:2313-2316. [PMID: 37534672 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the proportional relationship among the crucial aesthetic units of the upper lip is essential for lip treatment procedures, yet limited information can be found. The authors used 3-dimensional (D) photogrammetry to analyze the proportional features involving different lip structures. One hundred sixty volunteers (aged 18-35 y) were included, and standardized frontal view 3D images were obtained. A series of anthropometric parameters were measured, including linear, angular, and ratio parameters. The authors took the philtrum as one structure of particular concern. The philtrum was classified into 4 groups according to the shape of philtral columns, and philtrum depth was measured. The authors analyzed the correlations between the philtrum and the vermillion lip. They found significant differences in philtrum depth among different type groups. A significant negative correlation between philtral depth and philtrum length was found, which indicated that a long philtrum was more likely to be accompanied by a flat philtrum with shallow depth. The philtrum width was significantly correlated with the mouth width with a mean ratio of 0.25. The authors also found a significantly negative correlation between philtral depth and angle of Cupid's bow's peak (Achp), and a positive correlation between Achp and mouth width. This study used 3D photography to quantitatively analyze proportional characteristics among labial aesthetic units in young Chinese adults. The results showed that the philtrum and the vermillion lip morphology were closely related, providing helpful references in perioral procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Sun
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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de Queiroz Hernandez PM, Cotrin P, Valarelli FP, de Oliveira RCG, Bispo CGC, Freitas KMS, Oliveira RC, Cotrin DP. Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4589. [PMID: 36944639 PMCID: PMC10030776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling in the view of laypersons, dentists, and specialists. The sample comprised close-up frontal and lateral photographs of the lips of 16 women who underwent lip filling procedure with hyaluronic acid and was divided into 2 groups. Group 1: eight women with thinner lips at pretreatment. Group 2: eight female patients with thicker lips at pretreatment. Photographs from before and 10 days after lip filling were used to assess attractiveness randomly displayed in a Google Forms questionnaire and then sent via a messaging app to the evaluators. The evaluators' groups were general dentists, dentists with degrees in facial aesthetics, and laypersons. The attractiveness was evaluated with scores from 0 to 10 (0: least attractive and 10 the greatest). T-tests were used for the statistical comparisons. The group with thinner lips showed significantly improved attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips showed a worsening attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than those with thinner lips. There was no significant difference in the preference between men and women. The group of laypersons was more rigorous, giving significantly lower lip attractiveness scores. Thinner lips showed a significant improvement in attractiveness after filling. Thicker lips showed a worsening of the attractiveness score after filling. Before and after filling, thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than thinner lips.Clinical relevance: The amount of fillers applied to each patient must be individually evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Cotrin
- Dental School, Inga University Center, Rod. PR 317, 6114 Industrial Park 200, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli
- Dental School, Inga University Center, Rod. PR 317, 6114 Industrial Park 200, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Gisele Costa Bispo
- Dental School, UEM, Maringá State University, Colombo Av., 5790, Zone 7, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas
- Dental School, Inga University Center, Rod. PR 317, 6114 Industrial Park 200, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Oliveira
- Dental School, Inga University Center, Rod. PR 317, 6114 Industrial Park 200, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Dra Paula Cotrin
- Dental School, Inga University Center, Rod. PR 317, 6114 Industrial Park 200, Maringá, State of Paraná, 87035-510, Brazil.
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Van Opstal E, Van de Casteele E, Carlier A, Vercruysse H, Nadjmi N. The influence of tissue redraping after Le Fort I type osteotomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 61:141-146. [PMID: 36707311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elongation of the upper lip, in particular the philtrum, and nose widening are common postoperative changes after a Le Fort I osteotomy. These changes can be induced by the transection of soft tissue and loosening of the underlying musculature. A methodology for soft tissue redraping was developed to limit these undesirable nasolabial changes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the technique and influence of maxillary translocation on the nasolabial form. Anthropometric measurements, lip, philtrum length, and nose width, were taken two weeks prior to, and one year after, surgery. The mean postoperative changes were minimised to less than 1mm except for lip length in the extrusion groups, which was less than 1.5mm. Statistical analysis showed a stable result for lip length after maxillary advancement and/or intrusion as limited lengthening mainly occurred at the vermilion. Conversely, lip lengthening after extrusion mainly occurred at the philtrum. The mean nose width was maintained after maxillary advancement, decreased after extrusion, and increased after intrusion. The type of maxillary translocation only influenced the nasolabial soft tissue in case of intrusion and extrusion, not after advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van Opstal
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK, AZ MONICA Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 48, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Van de Casteele
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; All for Research vzw, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Adélaide Carlier
- Department of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 165, Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Benite Cedex, France
| | - Herman Vercruysse
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK, AZ MONICA Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 48, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nasser Nadjmi
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; All for Research vzw, Harmoniestraat 68, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, ZMACK, AZ MONICA Antwerp, Harmoniestraat 48, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Pietruski P, Majak M. The Concept of an Ideal Lips of Caucasian Male: An Anthropometric Analysis of the Lower Third of the Face. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:1130-1141. [PMID: 35290428 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips play a significant role in determining the aesthetic perception of a human face. However, there is little data on the perioral region morphometry of attractive males. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the morphology of the lower third of the face, including the lips and jawline, of attractive young Caucasian males. METHODS A complex semi-automatic photogrammetric analysis of faces of male photo models (n=300) of the Caucasian race, aged 18-39 years old, was performed. Linear, angular, and surface area parameters were evaluated. In addition, an Average Body Contours (ABC) image was created, providing the graphical summarization of facial size and shapes of all analyzed individuals. RESULTS The height of the lower third of the face equaled 0.35 ± 0.03 of the total facial height. The average lip width was 50.98 ± 3.74 mm. The upper vermilion height was found significantly lower than the lower vermilion height (5.9 ± 1.62 vs. 11.15 ± 1.88 mm, p<0.01). The lip obliquity angle was found to be 1.01 o ± 0.73 o. The area surface of the lower lip vermilion was considerably larger than the vermilion of the upper lip (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The vast amount of morphometric data, including the novel presentation method as an ABC image, on the attractive male's lower third of the face, may provide the surgeons with practical guidelines for lips surgical and nonsurgical rejuvenation procedures. It may also support the perioral region reconstruction and sex reassignment surgery in achieving satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Guo Y, Wei W, Li Q, Tao C, Li X, Zhang A, Jin P. Efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid fillers for lip augmentation in a Chinese population. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1959-1966. [PMID: 35132743 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an effective dermal filler for facial rejuvenation. This study aimed to observe the clinical efficacy of HA injection for lip augmentation in Chinese patients. METHODS From May 2019 to April 2020, 70 patients with lip fullness scale (LPS) ≤3 underwent local HA injection using the "three-point" injection technique. All patients were followed up to observe the clinical efficacy, LPS, adverse events, and complications. RESULTS All 70 patients were followed up for 12 months. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the height of lips within 6-9 months post-treatment (p < 0.05). The LFS improved significantly at follow-up compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Local redness occurred in two patients, and serious swelling occurred in three patients. These adverse events were generally tolerated and disappeared gradually within 1 week. No other serious adverse events and complications were reported in the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS Hyaluronic acid injection can be used for lip augmentation in the Chinese population. The "three-point" technique is simple, safe, and effective and does not cause serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuhan Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changbo Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Lip Reshaping with LOVE Approach: A Prospective Analysis Based on Two Hyaluronic Acid Fillers. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3957. [PMID: 34849320 PMCID: PMC8613371 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aesthetic improvement of the lips with hyaluronic acid fillers is a popular procedure. A comprehensive, modular, and highly individualizable method has been developed: the Lip Omnicomprehensive Volume Enhancement (LOVE) approach. The present study assessed the safety and effectiveness of LOVE across different patient age groups.
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9
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Ding A. The Ideal Lips: Lessons Learnt from the Literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:1520-1530. [PMID: 33649926 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defining the ideal dimensions and proportions of the human face has been attempted for centuries, popularised in the Renaissance period by artists including Leonardo Da Vinci. The lips are part of the lower third of the face and are central to lower face aesthetics and the overall symmetry of the face. They also place an important part in conveying facial emotions and expressions. Full lips with well-defined Cupid's bow have always been associated with youth and beauty. The approval of hyaluronic acid use for tissue augmentation and the prevalence of social media have caused an exponential increase in lip augmentation procedures (Linkov et al. in Arch Plast Surg 46(3):248-254, 2019), as such researchers and aestheticians have focused on characterising the ideal lips mathematically to help guide clinicians. This narrative review will summarise the available evidence in the literature pertaining to the ideal lips, taking into account age, ethnicity and gender differences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, Torbay Hospital, Newton Road, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK.
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10
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Warren RJ. Commentary on: The Impact of the Philtrum on Facial Attractiveness, Perioral Proportions, and Perceptions of Facial Aging. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:826-828. [PMID: 32830846 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pascali M, Marchese G, Diaspro A. The Rhino-Lip-Lifting: A Novel Proposal for Midface Profileplasty Performed as a Single Surgical Procedure. Facial Plast Surg 2021; 37:340-347. [PMID: 33831958 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As facial aging occurs, aesthetic changes of the nasal tip and the senile upper lip include tip ptosis, increase in skin length, loss of vermillion height and Cupid's bow, and vertical wrinkles.Regardless of the rejuvenation procedure, the lips are not to be considered as a single anatomical entity, instead they should be placed in a strong correlation with the nose. The aim of this study is therefore to demonstrate the effectiveness of the association of primary closed rhinoplasty together with indirect subnasal lip-lifting technique.A total of 45 patients were enrolled in this study and underwent primary closed rhinoplasty with indirect subnasal lip-lifting. The result showed an overall average nasolabial angle width reduction of 10.9% and lip length shortening of 23.5%, as assessed 1 year after the surgical procedure. When comparing before and after photographs and using the Subjective Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (sGAIS), the overall satisfaction was rated 4.4 on 5, as "much improved."The authors show that lips should not be considered as a single anatomical entity but that they indeed must be placed in a strong correlation with the nose since a droopy nasal tip is likely to be considered unattractive and is often associated with the appearance of a long nose with covered philtrum and upper lip.Tip rotation to a normal nasolabial angle width could grant a beneficial impact on overall nose aesthetics; however, it may not fully balance the midface profile as it is the "lip position-to-incisal show" ratio that defines beauty, whereas the balance among forehead, nasal tip, upper lip, and chin is what defines the contour of harmonious profiles.This is the first patient series to show that the combination of closed rhinoplasty and indirect lip-lifting is a highly effective, safe, and reliable procedure to address profile rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pascali
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Rigeneralab Center for Regenerative Medicine, Torino, Italy
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12
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A Safe and Effective Lip Augmentation Method: The Step-by-Step Φ (Phi) Technique. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3332. [PMID: 33680634 PMCID: PMC7928943 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The shape and fullness of the lips are essential in facial aesthetics. We describe a safe injection technique of hyaluronic acid (HA), based on the well-known golden number Φ (phi), for lip augmentation.
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13
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Autologous Fat Transplantation to Improve Lip Contour in Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:343-346. [PMID: 31856127 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insufficient volume of lip is one of the pathological problems of cleft lip, despite that the cleft lip the muscles and skin are repositioned. Autologous fat is an ideal material for soft tissue repair, including correction of contour deformity, restoration of volume insufficient, and even improvement of tissue characteristics. In this study, the authors evaluated the result of fat grafting in improvement of lip contour in secondary cleft lip deformity. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of their series of patients who underwent lip fat grafting. A total of 65 subjects with lip fat grafting for cleft lip revision were recruited for the study. The photographs documented the original malformation and the posttreatment photographs. The authors recruited female and male raters, who were experts in the field or lay persons to form a panel of 12 raters altogether. Symmetry and aesthetics were improved after fat grafting based on vermillion border (P = 0.02), symmetry of lip (P = 0.007), and nasal profile including upper lip (P = 0.04) using a 1- to 5-point scale. After treatment, both sides of the lip are more symmetrical, the thickness of the filling part is significantly increased, the filling area is soft, the appearance is satisfied. Fat grafting is an efficient secondary procedure to improve lip contour after cleft lip repairs.
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